史上最全的ASP.NET MVC路由配置,以后RouteConfig再弄不懂神仙都难救你啦~

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原文http://www.cnblogs.com/zeusro/p/RouteConfig.html 装载注明出处,爬虫请自重。

继续延续坑爹标题系列。其实只是把apress.pro.asp.net.mvc.4.framework里的CHAPTER 13翻译过来罢了,当做自己总结吧。内容看看就好,排版就不要吐槽了,反正我知道你也不会反对的。

先说一下基本的路由规则原则。基本的路由规则是从特殊到一般排列,也就是最特殊(非主流)的规则在最前面,最一般(万金油)的规则排在最后。这是因为匹配路由规则也是照着这个顺序的。如果写反了,那么即便你路由规则写对了那照样坐等404.

XD 首先说URL的构造。 其实这个也谈不上构造,只是语法特性吧。

URL构造

命名参数规范+匿名对象

routes.MapRoute(name: "Default" ,url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}" , defaults: new  { controller = "Home" , action = "Index" , id = UrlParameter.Optional } );

 

构造路由然后添加

 

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Route myRoute =  new  Route( "{controller}/{action}" new  MvcRouteHandler());
routes.Add( "MyRoute" , myRoute);

 

直接方法重载+匿名对象

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routes.MapRoute( "ShopSchema" "Shop/{action}" new  { controller =  "Home"  });

 

  个人觉得第一种比较易懂,第二种方便调试,第三种写起来比较效率吧。各取所需吧。本文行文偏向于第三种。

路由规则

 1.默认路由(MVC自带)

 

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routes.MapRoute(
"Default" // 路由名称
"{controller}/{action}/{id}" // 带有参数的 URL
new  { controller =  "Home" , action =  "Index" , id = UrlParameter.Optional }  // 参数默认值 (UrlParameter.Optional-可选的意思) );

 

2.静态URL段

 

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routes.MapRoute( "ShopSchema2" "Shop/OldAction" new  { controller =  "Home" , action =  "Index"  });
 
routes.MapRoute( "ShopSchema" "Shop/{action}" new  { controller =  "Home"  });
routes.MapRoute( "ShopSchema2" "Shop/OldAction.js" ,
  new  { controller =  "Home" , action =  "Index"  });

 没有占位符路由就是现成的写死的。

比如这样写然后去访问http://localhost:XXX/Shop/OldAction.js,response也是完全没问题的。 controller , action , area这三个保留字就别设静态变量里面了。

3.自定义常规变量URL段(好吧这翻译暴露智商了)

 

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routes.MapRoute( "MyRoute2" "{controller}/{action}/{id}" new  { controller =  "Home" , action =  "Index" , id =  "DefaultId"  });

 

这种情况如果访问 /Home/Index 的话,因为第三段(id)没有值,根据路由规则这个参数会被设为DefaultId

这个用viewbag给title赋值就能很明显看出

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ViewBag.Title = RouteData.Values[ "id" ];

 

图不贴了,结果是标题显示为DefaultId。 注意要在控制器里面赋值,在视图赋值没法编译的。

4.再述默认路由

然后再回到默认路由。 UrlParameter.Optional这个叫可选URL段.路由里没有这个参数的话id为null。 照原文大致说法,这个可选URL段能用来实现一个关注点的分离。刚才在路由里直接设定参数默认值其实不是很好。照我的理解,实际参数是用户发来的,我们做的只是定义形式参数名。但是,如果硬要给参数赋默认值的话,建议用语法糖写到action参数里面。比如:

 

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public  ActionResult Index( string  id =  "abcd" ){ViewBag.Title = RouteData.Values[ "id" ]; return  View();}

 

5.可变长度路由。

 

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routes.MapRoute( "MyRoute" "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}" new  { controller =  "Home" , action =  "Index" , id = UrlParameter.Optional });

 

在这里id和最后一段都是可变的,所以 /Home/Index/dabdafdaf 等效于 /Home/Index//abcdefdjldfiaeahfoeiho 等效于 /Home/Index/All/Delete/Perm/.....

6.跨命名空间路由

 这个提醒一下记得引用命名空间,开启IIS网站不然就是404。这个非常非主流,不建议瞎搞。

 

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routes.MapRoute( "MyRoute" , "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}" new  { controller =  "Home" , action =  "Index" , id = UrlParameter.Optional }, new [] {  "URLsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers" "UrlsAndRoutes.Controllers"  });

 

但是这样写的话数组排名不分先后的,如果有多个匹配的路由会报错。 然后作者提出了一种改进写法。

 

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routes.MapRoute( "AddContollerRoute" , "Home/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}" , new  { controller =  "Home" , action =  "Index" , id = UrlParameter.Optional }, new [] {  "URLsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers"  });
 
routes.MapRoute( "MyRoute" "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}" new  { controller =  "Home" , action =  "Index" , id = UrlParameter.Optional }, new [] {  "URLsAndRoutes.Controllers"  });

 这样第一个URL段不是Home的都交给第二个处理 最后还可以设定这个路由找不到的话就不给后面的路由留后路啦,也就不再往下找啦。

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Route myRoute = routes.MapRoute( "AddContollerRoute" ,
"Home/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}" ,
new  { controller =  "Home" , action =  "Index" , id = UrlParameter.Optional },
new [] {  "URLsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers"  });  myRoute.DataTokens[ "UseNamespaceFallback" ] =  false ;

 

7.正则表达式匹配路由

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routes.MapRoute( "MyRoute" "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}" ,
  new  { controller =  "Home" , action =  "Index" , id = UrlParameter.Optional },
  new  { controller =  "^H.*" },
new [] {  "URLsAndRoutes.Controllers" });

 

 约束多个URL

 

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routes.MapRoute( "MyRoute" "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}" ,
new  { controller =  "Home" , action =  "Index" , id = UrlParameter.Optional },
new  { controller =  "^H.*" , action =  "^Index$|^About$" },
new [] {  "URLsAndRoutes.Controllers" });

 

8.指定请求方法

 

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routes.MapRoute( "MyRoute" "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}" ,
 
new  { controller =  "Home" , action =  "Index" , id = UrlParameter.Optional },
 
new  { controller =  "^H.*" , action =  "Index|About" , httpMethod =  new  HttpMethodConstraint( "GET" ) },
 
new [] {  "URLsAndRoutes.Controllers"  });

 

9. WebForm支持

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routes.MapPageRoute( "" "" "~/Default.aspx" );
 
  routes.MapPageRoute( "list" "Items/{action}" "~/Items/list.aspx" false new  RouteValueDictionary { {  "action" "all"  } });
 
  routes.MapPageRoute( "show" "Show/{action}" "~/show.aspx" false new  RouteValueDictionary { {  "action" "all"  } });
 
  routes.MapPageRoute( "edit" "Edit/{id}" "~/edit.aspx" false new  RouteValueDictionary { {  "id" "1"  } },  new  RouteValueDictionary { {  "id" @"\d+"  } });

 具体的可以看

使用Asp.Net4新特性路由创建WebForm应用

或者官方msdn

 

10.MVC5的RouteAttribute

首先要在路由注册方法那里

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//启用路由特性映射
routes.MapMvcAttributeRoutes();

 这样

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[Route( "Login" )]

 route特性才有效.该特性有好几个重载.还有路由约束啊,顺序啊,路由名之类的.

其他的还有路由前缀,路由默认值
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[RoutePrefix( "reviews" )]<br>[Route( "{action=index}" )]<br> public  class  ReviewsController : Controller<br>{<br>}
 路由构造
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// eg: /users/5
[Route( "users/{id:int}" ]
public  ActionResult GetUserById( int  id) { ... }
  
// eg: users/ken
[Route( "users/{name}" ]
public  ActionResult GetUserByName( string  name) { ... }
 参数限制
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// eg: /users/5
// but not /users/10000000000 because it is larger than int.MaxValue,
// and not /users/0 because of the min(1) constraint.
[Route( "users/{id:int:min(1)}" )]
public  ActionResult GetUserById( int  id) { ... }

  

Constraint Description Example
alpha Matches uppercase or lowercase Latin alphabet characters (a-z, A-Z) {x:alpha}
bool Matches a Boolean value. {x:bool}
datetime Matches a DateTime value. {x:datetime}
decimal Matches a decimal value. {x:decimal}
double Matches a 64-bit floating-point value. {x:double}
float Matches a 32-bit floating-point value. {x:float}
guid Matches a GUID value. {x:guid}
int Matches a 32-bit integer value. {x:int}
length Matches a string with the specified length or within a specified range of lengths. {x:length(6)}  {x:length(1,20)}
long Matches a 64-bit integer value. {x:long}
max Matches an integer with a maximum value. {x:max(10)}
maxlength Matches a string with a maximum length. {x:maxlength(10)}
min Matches an integer with a minimum value. {x:min(10)}
minlength Matches a string with a minimum length. {x:minlength(10)}
range Matches an integer within a range of values. {x:range(10,50)}
regex Matches a regular expression. {x:regex(^\d{3}-\d{3}-\d{4}$)}

 

具体的可以参考

Attribute Routing in ASP.NET MVC 5

 对我来说,这样的好处是分散了路由规则的定义.有人喜欢集中,我个人比较喜欢这种灵活的处理.因为这个action定义好后,我不需要跑到配置那里定义对应的路由规则

 

11.最后还是不爽的话自己写个类实现 IRouteConstraint的匹配方法。

 

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using  System;
using  System.Collections.Generic;
using  System.Linq;
using  System.Web;
using  System.Web.Routing;
/// <summary>
/// If the standard constraints are not sufficient for your needs, you can define your own custom constraints by implementing the IRouteConstraint interface.
/// </summary>
public  class  UserAgentConstraint : IRouteConstraint
{
 
     private  string  requiredUserAgent;
     public  UserAgentConstraint( string  agentParam)
     {
         requiredUserAgent = agentParam;
     }
     public  bool  Match(HttpContextBase httpContext, Route route,  string  parameterName,
     RouteValueDictionary values, RouteDirection routeDirection)
     {
         return  httpContext.Request.UserAgent !=  null  &&
         httpContext.Request.UserAgent.Contains(requiredUserAgent);
     }
}

 

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routes.MapRoute( "ChromeRoute" "{*catchall}" ,
 
new  { controller =  "Home" , action =  "Index"  },
 
new  { customConstraint =  new  UserAgentConstraint( "Chrome" ) },
 
new [] {  "UrlsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers"  });

 比如这个就用来匹配是否是用谷歌浏览器访问网页的。

12.访问本地文档

 

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routes.RouteExistingFiles =  true ;
 
routes.MapRoute( "DiskFile" "Content/StaticContent.html" new  { controller =  "Customer" , action =  "List" , });

 

浏览网站,以开启 IIS Express,然后点显示所有应用程序-点击网站名称-配置(applicationhost.config)-搜索UrlRoutingModule节点

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<add name= "UrlRoutingModule-4.0"  type= "System.Web.Routing.UrlRoutingModule"  preCondition= "managedHandler,runtimeVersionv4.0"  />

 

把这个节点里的preCondition删除,变成

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<add name= "UrlRoutingModule-4.0"  type= "System.Web.Routing.UrlRoutingModule"  preCondition= ""  />

 

 13.直接访问本地资源,绕过了路由系统

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routes.IgnoreRoute( "Content/{filename}.html" );

 

文件名还可以用 {filename}占位符。

IgnoreRoute方法是RouteCollection里面StopRoutingHandler类的一个实例。路由系统通过硬-编码识别这个Handler。如果这个规则匹配的话,后面的规则都无效了。 这也就是默认的路由里面routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}");写最前面的原因。

路由测试(在测试项目的基础上,要装moq)

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PM> Install-Package Moq

 

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using  System;
using  Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
using  System.Web;
using  Moq;
using  System.Web.Routing;
using  System.Reflection;
[TestClass]
public  class  RoutesTest
{
     private  HttpContextBase CreateHttpContext( string  targetUrl =  null string  HttpMethod =  "GET" )
     {
         // create the mock request
         Mock<HttpRequestBase> mockRequest =  new  Mock<HttpRequestBase>();
         mockRequest.Setup(m => m.AppRelativeCurrentExecutionFilePath)
         .Returns(targetUrl);
         mockRequest.Setup(m => m.HttpMethod).Returns(HttpMethod);
         // create the mock response
         Mock<HttpResponseBase> mockResponse =  new  Mock<HttpResponseBase>();
         mockResponse.Setup(m => m.ApplyAppPathModifier(
         It.IsAny< string >())).Returns< string >(s => s);
         // create the mock context, using the request and response
         Mock<HttpContextBase> mockContext =  new  Mock<HttpContextBase>();
         mockContext.Setup(m => m.Request).Returns(mockRequest.Object);
         mockContext.Setup(m => m.Response).Returns(mockResponse.Object);
         // return the mocked context
         return  mockContext.Object;
     }
 
     private  void  TestRouteMatch( string  url,  string  controller,  string  action,  object  routeProperties =  null string  httpMethod =  "GET" )
     {
         // Arrange
         RouteCollection routes =  new  RouteCollection();
         RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(routes);
         // Act - process the route
         RouteData result = routes.GetRouteData(CreateHttpContext(url, httpMethod));
         // Assert
         Assert.IsNotNull(result);
         Assert.IsTrue(TestIncomingRouteResult(result, controller, action, routeProperties));
     }
 
     private  bool  TestIncomingRouteResult(RouteData routeResult,  string  controller,  string  action,  object  propertySet =  null )
     {
         Func< object object bool > valCompare = (v1, v2) =>
         {
             return  StringComparer.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase
             .Compare(v1, v2) == 0;
         };
         bool  result = valCompare(routeResult.Values[ "controller" ], controller)
         && valCompare(routeResult.Values[ "action" ], action);
         if  (propertySet !=  null )
         {
             PropertyInfo[] propInfo = propertySet.GetType().GetProperties();
             foreach  (PropertyInfo pi  in  propInfo)
             {
                 if  (!(routeResult.Values.ContainsKey(pi.Name)
                 && valCompare(routeResult.Values[pi.Name],
                 pi.GetValue(propertySet,  null ))))
                 {
                     result =  false ;
                     break ;
                 }
             }
         }
         return  result;
     }
 
     private  void  TestRouteFail( string  url)
     {
         // Arrange
         RouteCollection routes =  new  RouteCollection();
         RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(routes);
         // Act - process the route
         RouteData result = routes.GetRouteData(CreateHttpContext(url));
         // Assert
         Assert.IsTrue(result ==  null  || result.Route ==  null );
     }
 
     [TestMethod]
     public  void  TestIncomingRoutes()
     {
         // check for the URL that we hope to receive
         TestRouteMatch( "~/Admin/Index" "Admin" "Index" );
         // check that the values are being obtained from the segments
         TestRouteMatch( "~/One/Two" "One" "Two" );
         // ensure that too many or too few segments fails to match
         TestRouteFail( "~/Admin/Index/Segment" ); //失败
         TestRouteFail( "~/Admin" ); //失败
         TestRouteMatch( "~/" "Home" "Index" );
         TestRouteMatch( "~/Customer" "Customer" "Index" );
         TestRouteMatch( "~/Customer/List" "Customer" "List" );
         TestRouteFail( "~/Customer/List/All" ); //失败
         TestRouteMatch( "~/Customer/List/All" "Customer" "List" new  { id =  "All"  });
         TestRouteMatch( "~/Customer/List/All/Delete" "Customer" "List" new  { id =  "All" , catchall =  "Delete"  });
         TestRouteMatch( "~/Customer/List/All/Delete/Perm" "Customer" "List" new  { id =  "All" , catchall =  "Delete/Perm"  });
     }
 
 
 
}

 

 

  最后还是再推荐一下Adam Freeman写的apress.pro.asp.net.mvc.4这本书。稍微熟悉MVC的从第二部分开始读好了。前面都是入门(对我来说是扯淡)。但总比国内某些写书的人好吧——把个开源项目的源代码下载下来帖到书上面来,然后标题起个深入解析XXXX,然后净瞎扯淡。最后一千多页的巨著又诞生了。Adam Freeman的风格我就很喜欢,都是实例写作,然后还在那边书里面专门写了大量的测试。

  哎没办法啊,技术差距就是这样了。

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