scala基本语法实例

$ scala -help

Welcome to Scala 2.12.2 (Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM, Java 1.8.0_111).

Type in expressions for evaluation. Or try :help.

$ scala

scala>1+2  //scala支持自动推断类型

res0:Int= 3

scala>1.5*2

res1:Double= 3.0

scala>3*res1

res2:Double= 9.0

scala>res2.to              //scala有自动补全功能，tab键

to toChar toDouble toInt toRadians toString

toByte toDegrees toFloat toLong toShort

scala>res2.toInt

res4:Int= 9

scala>val result = 2 + 10   //val 定义变量不可变

result:Int= 12

scala>re

readBoolean  readFloat readShort  readf3 remote res2

readByte readInt readf ref require res4

readChar readLine readf1 refArrayOps res0result

readDouble readLong readf2 reflect res1

scala>result = 13   //不可变变量赋值报error

:12:error:reassignment to val

result = 13

scala>var name = "123"

name:String= 123

scala>val age :Int = 0

age:Int= 0

scala>val name: String = "lpfasd"   //声明时可限定类型

name:String= lpfasd

scala>val a,b,c=0      //可一行赋多数值

a:Int= 0

b:Int= 0

c:Int= 0

scala>0.to(5)                //Range代表的是一段整数的范围

res6:scala.collection.immutable.Range.Inclusive= Range 0 to 5

scala>1.+(1)              //数字也有方法

res7:Int= 2

scala>1++                      //scala中去除了++，--。用+=，-=来替代

:12:error:value ++ is not a member of Int

1++

^

scala>age +=1

:13:error:value += is not a member of Int

Expression does not convert to assignment because receiver is not assignable.

age +=1

^

scala>import scala.math._    //导入文件

import scala.math._

scala>min(20,4)      //比较大小

res10:Int= 4

scala>Array(1,2,3,4)   //数组初始化

res11:Array[Int]= Array(1, 2, 3, 4)

scala>var array = Array(1,2,3,4)  //自动识别类型

array:Array[Int]= Array(1, 2, 3, 4)

scala>array

res13:Array[Int]= Array(1, 2, 3, 4)

scala>array = Arr

ArrayArrayIndexOutOfBoundsExceptionArrowAssoc

ArrayCharSequenceArrayStoreException

scala>array = Array.apply(1,2,3,4)

array: Array[Int] = [I@71d3dfd5

scala>var array = Array.apply(1,2,3,4)

array:Array[Int]= Array(1, 2, 3, 4)

scala>var element = 100

element:Int= 100

scala>while(element>100){      //while循环

|println(element)

|element -= 2}

scala>while(element>10){

|println(element)

|element -= 2}

100

98

96

94

.....            

12

scala>0 to element

res17:scala.collection.immutable.Range.Inclusive= Range 0 to 10

scala>for(i<-0 to element)println(i)   //for♻️

0

1

2

3

……

scala>for(i<-0 to element if i%2 == 0)println(i)     //带过滤条件的查询

0

2

4

6

8

10

//可变参数

scala>def sum(numbers:Int*) = {var result = 0;for(element<-numbers)result +=element;result}  

sum:(numbers: Int*)Int

scala>sum(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9)

res20:Int= 45

//引入io包

scala>import scala.io.Source._

 //读取源文件（文件不存在，报异常）因是lazy，即不立即执行，所以异常此时并未发生，调用时抛除

scala>lazy val content = fromFile("/root/asdasdasd")

content:scala.io.BufferedSource=

scala>fromFile("/root/asdasdasd")

java.io.FileNotFoundException: /root/asdasdasd (No such file or directory)

//存在编码问题，应注意解码

scala>fromFile("/Users/name/Desktop/123.txt","utf-8")

java.nio.charset.MalformedInputException: Input length = 1

//本例对应“GBK”

scala>fromFile("/Users/liupengfei/Desktop/123.txt","GBK").mkString

res28:String=

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