书上和网上在很多地方都对const 的重载做了一些解释，但感觉都不是很详细。还有很多同学在不同的地方发问关于const 重载的问题，这里我又重新看了一下，做了一个简单的分析也可能有不对的地方，欢迎讨论。
所谓重载，是指允许存在多个同名函数，而这些函数的参数表不同，即函数名相同但函数的签名不同。重载并不是面向对象编程的特有属性，这是因为重载是在编译阶段实现的，编译器根据函数不同的参数表，对同名函数的名称做修饰，然后这些同名函数就成了不同的函数（这一点稍后有例子）。了
Const 参数重载解析：
关于const 重载几乎在所有c++的书中者提到过但大部分只是一句话，例如在《C++ primer》一书中这样描述：“可基于函数的引用形参是指向 const 对象还是指向非 const 对象，实现函数重载。将引用形参定义为 const 来重载函数是合法的，因为编译器可以根据实参是否为 const 确定调用哪一个函数。”
但是这一段描述并没有给出引用、指针和值传递前加const的实质区别是什么。在用非const的指针，引用和值均可转化为const的。这一点没有太多可说明的东东。
对于函数值传递的情况，因为参数传递是通过复制实参创建一个临时变量传递进函数的，函数内只能改变临时变量，但无法改变实参。则这个时候无论加不加const对实参不会产生任何影响。但是在引用或指针传递函数调用中，因为传进去的是一个引用或指针，这样函数内部可以改变引用或指针所指向的变量，这时const 才是实实在在地保护了实参所指向的变量。因为在编译阶段编译器对调用函数的选择是根据实参进行的，所以，只有引用传递和指针传递可以用是否加const来重载。
下面给出一个例子可能就更明白了：
C++ 代码
1 #include < iostream > 2 3 class A{ 4 public : 5 A(); 6 int foo( int * test); 7 int foo( const int * test); 8 }; 9 A::A(){ 10 } 11 int A::foo( int * test){ 12 std::cout << * test << " A::foo(int *test) " << std::endl; 13 return 1 ; 14 } 15 int A::foo( const int * test){ 16 std::cout << * test << " A::foo(const int *test) " << std::endl; 17 return 1 ; 18 } 19 int main() 20 { 21 const int b = 5 ; 22 int c = 3 ; 23 A a; 24 a.foo( & b); 25 a.foo( & c); 26 return 1 ; 27 } 28
输出：
5 A::foo( const int * test) 3 A::foo( int * test)
那么编译器又是怎样工作的，通过g++ -S选项将汇编代码生成出来，通过AT&T汇编代码可以看出一些端倪来（之所以用AT&T汇编是因为VS生成的中间代码实在是让人头晕）：
代码
1 .file " overload.cpp " 2 .section .ctors, " aw " ,@progbits 3 .align 4 4 .long _GLOBAL__I__ZN1AC2Ev 5 .text 6 .align 2 7 .globl _ZN1AC2Ev 8 .type _ZN1AC2Ev, @function 9 _ZN1AC2Ev: 10 . LFB1399: 11 pushl %ebp 12 . LCFI0: 13 movl %esp, %ebp 14 . LCFI1: 15 popl %ebp 16 ret 17 . LFE1399: 18 .size _ZN1AC2Ev, .-_ZN1AC2Ev 19 .globl __gxx_personality_v0 20 .align 2 21 .globl _ZN1AC1Ev 22 .type _ZN1AC1Ev, @function 23 _ZN1AC1Ev: 24 . LFB1400: 25 pushl %ebp 26 . LCFI2: 27 movl %esp, %ebp 28 . LCFI3: 29 popl %ebp 30 ret 31 . LFE1400: 32 .size _ZN1AC1Ev, .-_ZN1AC1Ev 33 .align 2 34 .type _Z41__static_initialization_and_destruction_0ii, @function 35 _Z41__static_initialization_and_destruction_0ii: 36 . LFB1411: 37 pushl %ebp 38 . LCFI4: 39 movl %esp, %ebp 40 . LCFI5: 41 subl $ 24 , %esp 42 . LCFI6: 43 movl %eax, - 4 (%ebp) 44 movl %edx, - 8 (%ebp) 45 cmpl $ 1 , - 4 (%ebp) 46 jne .L9 47 cmpl $ 65535 , - 8 (%ebp) 48 jne .L9 49 movl $_ZSt8__ioinit, (%esp) 50 call _ZNSt8ios_base4InitC1Ev 51 movl $__dso_handle, 8 (%esp) 52 movl $ 0 , 4 (%esp) 53 movl $__tcf_0, (%esp) 54 call __cxa_atexit 55 . L9: 56 leave 57 ret 58 . LFE1411: 59 .size _Z41__static_initialization_and_destruction_0ii, .-_Z41__static_initialization_and_destruction_0ii 60 .align 2 61 .type _GLOBAL__I__ZN1AC2Ev, @function 62 _GLOBAL__I__ZN1AC2Ev: 63 . LFB1413: 64 pushl %ebp 65 . LCFI7: 66 movl %esp, %ebp 67 . LCFI8: 68 subl $ 8 , %esp 69 . LCFI9: 70 movl $ 65535 , %edx 71 movl $ 1 , %eax 72 call _Z41__static_initialization_and_destruction_0ii 73 leave 74 ret 75 . LFE1413: 76 .size _GLOBAL__I__ZN1AC2Ev, .-_GLOBAL__I__ZN1AC2Ev 77 .align 2 78 .type __tcf_0, @function 79 __tcf_0: 80 . LFB1412: 81 pushl %ebp 82 . LCFI10: 83 movl %esp, %ebp 84 . LCFI11: 85 subl $ 8 , %esp 86 . LCFI12: 87 movl $_ZSt8__ioinit, (%esp) 88 call _ZNSt8ios_base4InitD1Ev 89 leave 90 ret 91 . LFE1412: 92 .size __tcf_0, .-__tcf_0 93 .section .rodata 94 . LC0: 95 .string " A::foo(const int *test) " 96 .text 97 .align 2 98 .globl _ZN1A3fooEPKi 99 .type _ZN1A3fooEPKi, @function 100 _ZN1A3fooEPKi: 101 . LFB1402: 102 pushl %ebp 103 . LCFI13: 104 movl %esp, %ebp 105 . LCFI14: 106 subl $ 8 , %esp 107 . LCFI15: 108 movl 12 (%ebp), %eax 109 movl (%eax), %eax 110 movl %eax, 4 (%esp) 111 movl $_ZSt4cout, (%esp) 112 call _ZNSolsEi 113 movl $.LC0, 4 (%esp) 114 movl %eax, (%esp) 115 call _ZStlsISt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIcT_ES5_PKc 116 movl $_ZSt4endlIcSt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIT_T0_ES6_, 4 (%esp) 117 movl %eax, (%esp) 118 call _ZNSolsEPFRSoS_E 119 movl $ 1 , %eax 120 leave 121 ret 122 . LFE1402: 123 .size _ZN1A3fooEPKi, .-_ZN1A3fooEPKi 124 .section .rodata 125 . LC1: 126 .string " A::foo(int *test) " 127 .text 128 .align 2 129 .globl _ZN1A3fooEPi 130 .type _ZN1A3fooEPi, @function 131 _ZN1A3fooEPi: 132 . LFB1401: 133 pushl %ebp 134 . LCFI16: 135 movl %esp, %ebp 136 . LCFI17: 137 subl $ 8 , %esp 138 . LCFI18: 139 movl 12 (%ebp), %eax 140 movl (%eax), %eax 141 movl %eax, 4 (%esp) 142 movl $_ZSt4cout, (%esp) 143 call _ZNSolsEi 144 movl $.LC1, 4 (%esp) 145 movl %eax, (%esp) 146 call _ZStlsISt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIcT_ES5_PKc 147 movl $_ZSt4endlIcSt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIT_T0_ES6_, 4 (%esp) 148 movl %eax, (%esp) 149 call _ZNSolsEPFRSoS_E 150 movl $ 1 , %eax 151 leave 152 ret 153 . LFE1401: 154 .size _ZN1A3fooEPi, .-_ZN1A3fooEPi 155 .align 2 156 .globl main 157 .type main, @function 158 main: 159 . LFB1403: 160 leal 4 (%esp), %ecx 161 . LCFI19: 162 andl $- 16 , %esp 163 pushl - 4 (%ecx) 164 . LCFI20: 165 pushl %ebp 166 . LCFI21: 167 movl %esp, %ebp 168 . LCFI22: 169 pushl %ecx 170 . LCFI23: 171 subl $ 36 , %esp 172 . LCFI24: 173 movl $ 5 , - 8 (%ebp) 174 movl $ 3 , - 12 (%ebp) 175 leal - 13 (%ebp), %eax 176 movl %eax, (%esp) 177 call _ZN1AC1Ev 178 leal - 8 (%ebp), %eax 179 movl %eax, 4 (%esp) 180 leal - 13 (%ebp), %eax 181 movl %eax, (%esp) 182 call _ZN1A3fooEPKi 183 leal - 12 (%ebp), %eax 184 movl %eax, 4 (%esp) 185 leal - 13 (%ebp), %eax 186 movl %eax, (%esp) 187 call _ZN1A3fooEPi 188 movl $ 1 , %eax 189 addl $ 36 , %esp 190 popl %ecx 191 popl %ebp 192 leal - 4 (%ecx), %esp 193 ret 194 . LFE1403: 195 .size main, .-main 196 .local _ZSt8__ioinit 197 .comm _ZSt8__ioinit, 1 , 1 198 .weakref _Z20__gthrw_pthread_oncePiPFvvE,pthread_once 199 .weakref _Z27__gthrw_pthread_getspecificj,pthread_getspecific 200 .weakref _Z27__gthrw_pthread_setspecificjPKv,pthread_setspecific 201 .weakref _Z22__gthrw_pthread_createPmPK14pthread_attr_tPFPvS3_ES3_,pthread_create 202 .weakref _Z22__gthrw_pthread_cancelm,pthread_cancel 203 .weakref _Z26__gthrw_pthread_mutex_lockP15pthread_mutex_t,pthread_mutex_lock 204 .weakref _Z29__gthrw_pthread_mutex_trylockP15pthread_mutex_t,pthread_mutex_trylock 205 .weakref _Z28__gthrw_pthread_mutex_unlockP15pthread_mutex_t,pthread_mutex_unlock 206 .weakref _Z26__gthrw_pthread_mutex_initP15pthread_mutex_tPK19pthread_mutexattr_t,pthread_mutex_init 207 .weakref _Z26__gthrw_pthread_key_createPjPFvPvE,pthread_key_create 208 .weakref _Z26__gthrw_pthread_key_deletej,pthread_key_delete 209 .weakref _Z30__gthrw_pthread_mutexattr_initP19pthread_mutexattr_t,pthread_mutexattr_init 210 .weakref _Z33__gthrw_pthread_mutexattr_settypeP19pthread_mutexattr_ti,pthread_mutexattr_settype 211 .weakref _Z33__gthrw_pthread_mutexattr_destroyP19pthread_mutexattr_t,pthread_mutexattr_destroy 212 .section .eh_frame, " a " ,@progbits 213 . Lframe1: 214 .long .LECIE1-.LSCIE1 215 . LSCIE1: 216 .long 0x0 217 .byte 0x1 218 .string " zP " 219 .uleb128 0x1 220 .sleb128 - 4 221 .byte 0x8 222 .uleb128 0x5 223 .byte 0x0 224 .long __gxx_personality_v0 225 .byte 0xc 226 .uleb128 0x4 227 .uleb128 0x4 228 .byte 0x88 229 .uleb128 0x1 230 .align 4 231 . LECIE1: 232 . LSFDE5: 233 .long .LEFDE5-.LASFDE5 234 . LASFDE5: 235 .long .LASFDE5-.Lframe1 236 .long .LFB1411 237 .long .LFE1411-.LFB1411 238 .uleb128 0x0 239 .byte 0x4 240 .long .LCFI4-.LFB1411 241 .byte 0xe 242 .uleb128 0x8 243 .byte 0x85 244 .uleb128 0x2 245 .byte 0x4 246 .long .LCFI5-.LCFI4 247 .byte 0xd 248 .uleb128 0x5 249 .align 4 250 . LEFDE5: 251 . LSFDE7: 252 .long .LEFDE7-.LASFDE7 253 . LASFDE7: 254 .long .LASFDE7-.Lframe1 255 .long .LFB1413 256 .long .LFE1413-.LFB1413 257 .uleb128 0x0 258 .byte 0x4 259 .long .LCFI7-.LFB1413 260 .byte 0xe 261 .uleb128 0x8 262 .byte 0x85 263 .uleb128 0x2 264 .byte 0x4 265 .long .LCFI8-.LCFI7 266 .byte 0xd 267 .uleb128 0x5 268 .align 4 269 . LEFDE7: 270 . LSFDE9: 271 .long .LEFDE9-.LASFDE9 272 . LASFDE9: 273 .long .LASFDE9-.Lframe1 274 .long .LFB1412 275 .long .LFE1412-.LFB1412 276 .uleb128 0x0 277 .byte 0x4 278 .long .LCFI10-.LFB1412 279 .byte 0xe 280 .uleb128 0x8 281 .byte 0x85 282 .uleb128 0x2 283 .byte 0x4 284 .long .LCFI11-.LCFI10 285 .byte 0xd 286 .uleb128 0x5 287 .align 4 288 . LEFDE9: 289 . LSFDE11: 290 .long .LEFDE11-.LASFDE11 291 . LASFDE11: 292 .long .LASFDE11-.Lframe1 293 .long .LFB1402 294 .long .LFE1402-.LFB1402 295 .uleb128 0x0 296 .byte 0x4 297 .long .LCFI13-.LFB1402 298 .byte 0xe 299 .uleb128 0x8 300 .byte 0x85 301 .uleb128 0x2 302 .byte 0x4 303 .long .LCFI14-.LCFI13 304 .byte 0xd 305 .uleb128 0x5 306 .align 4 307 . LEFDE11: 308 . LSFDE13: 309 .long .LEFDE13-.LASFDE13 310 . LASFDE13: 311 .long .LASFDE13-.Lframe1 312 .long .LFB1401 313 .long .LFE1401-.LFB1401 314 .uleb128 0x0 315 .byte 0x4 316 .long .LCFI16-.LFB1401 317 .byte 0xe 318 .uleb128 0x8 319 .byte 0x85 320 .uleb128 0x2 321 .byte 0x4 322 .long .LCFI17-.LCFI16 323 .byte 0xd 324 .uleb128 0x5 325 .align 4 326 . LEFDE13: 327 . LSFDE15: 328 .long .LEFDE15-.LASFDE15 329 . LASFDE15: 330 .long .LASFDE15-.Lframe1 331 .long .LFB1403 332 .long .LFE1403-.LFB1403 333 .uleb128 0x0 334 .byte 0x4 335 .long .LCFI19-.LFB1403 336 .byte 0xc 337 .uleb128 0x1 338 .uleb128 0x0 339 .byte 0x9 340 .uleb128 0x4 341 .uleb128 0x1 342 .byte 0x4 343 .long .LCFI20-.LCFI19 344 .byte 0xc 345 .uleb128 0x4 346 .uleb128 0x4 347 .byte 0x4 348 .long .LCFI21-.LCFI20 349 .byte 0xe 350 .uleb128 0x8 351 .byte 0x85 352 .uleb128 0x2 353 .byte 0x4 354 .long .LCFI22-.LCFI21 355 .byte 0xd 356 .uleb128 0x5 357 .byte 0x4 358 .long .LCFI23-.LCFI22 359 .byte 0x84 360 .uleb128 0x3 361 .align 4 362 . LEFDE15: 363 .ident " GCC: (GNU) 4.1.2 20070925 (Red Hat 4.1.2-33) " 364 .section .note.GNU-stack, "" ,@progbits
如上面的代码函数：
int foo(int *test);和int foo(const int *test);分别被编译器生成名为：_ZN1A3fooEPKi和_ZN1A3fooEPi（这两个名字会因为编译器的不同而不同，名字只是一个区分的符号而已不用深究，只用知道重载的函数经过编译器的处理函数名字已经发生了变化。所以对于后面的汇编和链接工作就不存在重载的问题了。）这里也同时说明对重载来说在编译阶段已经完成。
对于a.foo(&b);因为变量b有const修饰所以就调用了int foo(const int *test);对于a.foo(&c);调用int foo(int *test);因为这个是精确匹配的。但是如果没有定义int foo(const int *test);则在代码24行会出现编译错误。反过来如果没有定义函数：int foo(int *test)；如下：
代码
1 #include < iostream > 2 3 class A{ 4 public : 5 A(); 6 // int foo(int *test); 7 int foo( const int * test); 8 }; 9 A::A(){ 10 } 11 /* int A::foo(int *test){ 12 std::cout << *test << " A::foo(int *test)" <<std::endl; 13 return 1; 14 } 15 */ 16 int A::foo( const int * test){ 17 std::cout << * test << " A::foo(const int *test) " << std::endl; 18 return 1 ; 19 } 20 int main() 21 { 22 const int b = 5 ; 23 int c = 3 ; 24 A a; 25 a.foo( & b); 26 a.foo( & c); 27 return 1 ; 28 }
则输出结果为：
1 5 A::foo( const int * test) 2 3 A::foo( const int * test)
原因c++ primer上讲的很清楚：“We can use a nonconst object to initializer either a const or nonconst reference. However, initializing a const reference to a nonconst object requires a conversion, whereas initializing a nonconst parameter is an exact match.”
const 成员函数重载的解析：
const 成员函数重载的解析和const参数重载解析的原理可以说是一样的。之所以这样说是因为const成员函数的解析可被看做是对函数this参数用const来修饰的过程。例如下面代码：
代码
1 #include < iostream > 2 3 class A{ 4 public : 5 A(); 6 int foo( int * test); //可看做：int foo(A *this,int *test); 7 int foo( int * test) const ;//可看做：int foo(const A *this,int *test); 8 }; 9 A::A(){ 10 } 11 int A::foo( int * test){ 12 std::cout << * test << " foo " << std::endl; 13 return 1 ; 14 } 15 int A::foo( int * test) const { 16 std::cout << * test << " foo const " << std::endl; 17 return 1 ; 18 } 19 int main() 20 { 21 int b = 5 ; 22 const A a; 23 a.foo( & b); 24 return 1 ; 25 } 26
生成汇编为：
代码
1 .file " overload1.cpp " 2 .section .ctors, " aw " ,@progbits 3 .align 4 4 .long _GLOBAL__I__ZN1AC2Ev 5 .text 6 .align 2 7 .globl _ZN1AC2Ev 8 .type _ZN1AC2Ev, @function 9 _ZN1AC2Ev: 10 . LFB1399: 11 pushl %ebp 12 . LCFI0: 13 movl %esp, %ebp 14 . LCFI1: 15 popl %ebp 16 ret 17 . LFE1399: 18 .size _ZN1AC2Ev, .-_ZN1AC2Ev 19 .globl __gxx_personality_v0 20 .align 2 21 .globl _ZN1AC1Ev 22 .type _ZN1AC1Ev, @function 23 _ZN1AC1Ev: 24 . LFB1400: 25 pushl %ebp 26 . LCFI2: 27 movl %esp, %ebp 28 . LCFI3: 29 popl %ebp 30 ret 31 . LFE1400: 32 .size _ZN1AC1Ev, .-_ZN1AC1Ev 33 .align 2 34 .type _Z41__static_initialization_and_destruction_0ii, @function 35 _Z41__static_initialization_and_destruction_0ii: 36 . LFB1411: 37 pushl %ebp 38 . LCFI4: 39 movl %esp, %ebp 40 . LCFI5: 41 subl $ 24 , %esp 42 . LCFI6: 43 movl %eax, - 4 (%ebp) 44 movl %edx, - 8 (%ebp) 45 cmpl $ 1 , - 4 (%ebp) 46 jne .L9 47 cmpl $ 65535 , - 8 (%ebp) 48 jne .L9 49 movl $_ZSt8__ioinit, (%esp) 50 call _ZNSt8ios_base4InitC1Ev 51 movl $__dso_handle, 8 (%esp) 52 movl $ 0 , 4 (%esp) 53 movl $__tcf_0, (%esp) 54 call __cxa_atexit 55 . L9: 56 leave 57 ret 58 . LFE1411: 59 .size _Z41__static_initialization_and_destruction_0ii, .-_Z41__static_initialization_and_destruction_0ii 60 .align 2 61 .type _GLOBAL__I__ZN1AC2Ev, @function 62 _GLOBAL__I__ZN1AC2Ev: 63 . LFB1413: 64 pushl %ebp 65 . LCFI7: 66 movl %esp, %ebp 67 . LCFI8: 68 subl $ 8 , %esp 69 . LCFI9: 70 movl $ 65535 , %edx 71 movl $ 1 , %eax 72 call _Z41__static_initialization_and_destruction_0ii 73 leave 74 ret 75 . LFE1413: 76 .size _GLOBAL__I__ZN1AC2Ev, .-_GLOBAL__I__ZN1AC2Ev 77 .align 2 78 .type __tcf_0, @function 79 __tcf_0: 80 . LFB1412: 81 pushl %ebp 82 . LCFI10: 83 movl %esp, %ebp 84 . LCFI11: 85 subl $ 8 , %esp 86 . LCFI12: 87 movl $_ZSt8__ioinit, (%esp) 88 call _ZNSt8ios_base4InitD1Ev 89 leave 90 ret 91 . LFE1412: 92 .size __tcf_0, .-__tcf_0 93 .section .rodata 94 . LC0: 95 .string " foo const " 96 .text 97 .align 2 98 .globl _ZNK1A3fooEPi 99 .type _ZNK1A3fooEPi, @function 100 _ZNK1A3fooEPi: 101 . LFB1402: 102 pushl %ebp 103 . LCFI13: 104 movl %esp, %ebp 105 . LCFI14: 106 subl $ 8 , %esp 107 . LCFI15: 108 movl 12 (%ebp), %eax 109 movl (%eax), %eax 110 movl %eax, 4 (%esp) 111 movl $_ZSt4cout, (%esp) 112 call _ZNSolsEi 113 movl $.LC0, 4 (%esp) 114 movl %eax, (%esp) 115 call _ZStlsISt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIcT_ES5_PKc 116 movl $_ZSt4endlIcSt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIT_T0_ES6_, 4 (%esp) 117 movl %eax, (%esp) 118 call _ZNSolsEPFRSoS_E 119 movl $ 1 , %eax 120 leave 121 ret 122 . LFE1402: 123 .size _ZNK1A3fooEPi, .-_ZNK1A3fooEPi 124 .align 2 125 .globl main 126 .type main, @function 127 main: 128 . LFB1403: 129 leal 4 (%esp), %ecx 130 . LCFI16: 131 andl $- 16 , %esp 132 pushl - 4 (%ecx) 133 . LCFI17: 134 pushl %ebp 135 . LCFI18: 136 movl %esp, %ebp 137 . LCFI19: 138 pushl %ecx 139 . LCFI20: 140 subl $ 36 , %esp 141 . LCFI21: 142 movl $ 5 , - 8 (%ebp) 143 leal - 9 (%ebp), %eax 144 movl %eax, (%esp) 145 call _ZN1AC1Ev 146 leal - 8 (%ebp), %eax 147 movl %eax, 4 (%esp) 148 leal - 9 (%ebp), %eax 149 movl %eax, (%esp) 150 call _ZNK1A3fooEPi 151 movl $ 1 , %eax 152 addl $ 36 , %esp 153 popl %ecx 154 popl %ebp 155 leal - 4 (%ecx), %esp 156 ret 157 . LFE1403: 158 .size main, .-main 159 .section .rodata 160 . LC1: 161 .string " foo " 162 .text 163 .align 2 164 .globl _ZN1A3fooEPi 165 .type _ZN1A3fooEPi, @function 166 _ZN1A3fooEPi: 167 . LFB1401: 168 pushl %ebp 169 . LCFI22: 170 movl %esp, %ebp 171 . LCFI23: 172 subl $ 8 , %esp 173 . LCFI24: 174 movl 12 (%ebp), %eax 175 movl (%eax), %eax 176 movl %eax, 4 (%esp) 177 movl $_ZSt4cout, (%esp) 178 call _ZNSolsEi 179 movl $.LC1, 4 (%esp) 180 movl %eax, (%esp) 181 call _ZStlsISt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIcT_ES5_PKc 182 movl $_ZSt4endlIcSt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIT_T0_ES6_, 4 (%esp) 183 movl %eax, (%esp) 184 call _ZNSolsEPFRSoS_E 185 movl $ 1 , %eax 186 leave 187 ret 188 . LFE1401: 189 .size _ZN1A3fooEPi, .-_ZN1A3fooEPi 190 .local _ZSt8__ioinit 191 .comm _ZSt8__ioinit, 1 , 1 192 .weakref _Z20__gthrw_pthread_oncePiPFvvE,pthread_once 193 .weakref _Z27__gthrw_pthread_getspecificj,pthread_getspecific 194 .weakref _Z27__gthrw_pthread_setspecificjPKv,pthread_setspecific 195 .weakref _Z22__gthrw_pthread_createPmPK14pthread_attr_tPFPvS3_ES3_,pthread_create 196 .weakref _Z22__gthrw_pthread_cancelm,pthread_cancel 197 .weakref _Z26__gthrw_pthread_mutex_lockP15pthread_mutex_t,pthread_mutex_lock 198 .weakref _Z29__gthrw_pthread_mutex_trylockP15pthread_mutex_t,pthread_mutex_trylock 199 .weakref _Z28__gthrw_pthread_mutex_unlockP15pthread_mutex_t,pthread_mutex_unlock 200 .weakref _Z26__gthrw_pthread_mutex_initP15pthread_mutex_tPK19pthread_mutexattr_t,pthread_mutex_init 201 .weakref _Z26__gthrw_pthread_key_createPjPFvPvE,pthread_key_create 202 .weakref _Z26__gthrw_pthread_key_deletej,pthread_key_delete 203 .weakref _Z30__gthrw_pthread_mutexattr_initP19pthread_mutexattr_t,pthread_mutexattr_init 204 .weakref _Z33__gthrw_pthread_mutexattr_settypeP19pthread_mutexattr_ti,pthread_mutexattr_settype 205 .weakref _Z33__gthrw_pthread_mutexattr_destroyP19pthread_mutexattr_t,pthread_mutexattr_destroy 206 .section .eh_frame, " a " ,@progbits 207 . Lframe1: 208 .long .LECIE1-.LSCIE1 209 . LSCIE1: 210 .long 0x0 211 .byte 0x1 212 .string " zP " 213 .uleb128 0x1 214 .sleb128 - 4 215 .byte 0x8 216 .uleb128 0x5 217 .byte 0x0 218 .long __gxx_personality_v0 219 .byte 0xc 220 .uleb128 0x4 221 .uleb128 0x4 222 .byte 0x88 223 .uleb128 0x1 224 .align 4 225 . LECIE1: 226 . LSFDE5: 227 .long .LEFDE5-.LASFDE5 228 . LASFDE5: 229 .long .LASFDE5-.Lframe1 230 .long .LFB1411 231 .long .LFE1411-.LFB1411 232 .uleb128 0x0 233 .byte 0x4 234 .long .LCFI4-.LFB1411 235 .byte 0xe 236 .uleb128 0x8 237 .byte 0x85 238 .uleb128 0x2 239 .byte 0x4 240 .long .LCFI5-.LCFI4 241 .byte 0xd 242 .uleb128 0x5 243 .align 4 244 . LEFDE5: 245 . LSFDE7: 246 .long .LEFDE7-.LASFDE7 247 . LASFDE7: 248 .long .LASFDE7-.Lframe1 249 .long .LFB1413 250 .long .LFE1413-.LFB1413 251 .uleb128 0x0 252 .byte 0x4 253 .long .LCFI7-.LFB1413 254 .byte 0xe 255 .uleb128 0x8 256 .byte 0x85 257 .uleb128 0x2 258 .byte 0x4 259 .long .LCFI8-.LCFI7 260 .byte 0xd 261 .uleb128 0x5 262 .align 4 263 . LEFDE7: 264 . LSFDE9: 265 .long .LEFDE9-.LASFDE9 266 . LASFDE9: 267 .long .LASFDE9-.Lframe1 268 .long .LFB1412 269 .long .LFE1412-.LFB1412 270 .uleb128 0x0 271 .byte 0x4 272 .long .LCFI10-.LFB1412 273 .byte 0xe 274 .uleb128 0x8 275 .byte 0x85 276 .uleb128 0x2 277 .byte 0x4 278 .long .LCFI11-.LCFI10 279 .byte 0xd 280 .uleb128 0x5 281 .align 4 282 . LEFDE9: 283 . LSFDE11: 284 .long .LEFDE11-.LASFDE11 285 . LASFDE11: 286 .long .LASFDE11-.Lframe1 287 .long .LFB1402 288 .long .LFE1402-.LFB1402 289 .uleb128 0x0 290 .byte 0x4 291 .long .LCFI13-.LFB1402 292 .byte 0xe 293 .uleb128 0x8 294 .byte 0x85 295 .uleb128 0x2 296 .byte 0x4 297 .long .LCFI14-.LCFI13 298 .byte 0xd 299 .uleb128 0x5 300 .align 4 301 . LEFDE11: 302 . LSFDE13: 303 .long .LEFDE13-.LASFDE13 304 . LASFDE13: 305 .long .LASFDE13-.Lframe1 306 .long .LFB1403 307 .long .LFE1403-.LFB1403 308 .uleb128 0x0 309 .byte 0x4 310 .long .LCFI16-.LFB1403 311 .byte 0xc 312 .uleb128 0x1 313 .uleb128 0x0 314 .byte 0x9 315 .uleb128 0x4 316 .uleb128 0x1 317 .byte 0x4 318 .long .LCFI17-.LCFI16 319 .byte 0xc 320 .uleb128 0x4 321 .uleb128 0x4 322 .byte 0x4 323 .long .LCFI18-.LCFI17 324 .byte 0xe 325 .uleb128 0x8 326 .byte 0x85 327 .uleb128 0x2 328 .byte 0x4 329 .long .LCFI19-.LCFI18 330 .byte 0xd 331 .uleb128 0x5 332 .byte 0x4 333 .long .LCFI20-.LCFI19 334 .byte 0x84 335 .uleb128 0x3 336 .align 4 337 . LEFDE13: 338 . LSFDE15: 339 .long .LEFDE15-.LASFDE15 340 . LASFDE15: 341 .long .LASFDE15-.Lframe1 342 .long .LFB1401 343 .long .LFE1401-.LFB1401 344 .uleb128 0x0 345 .byte 0x4 346 .long .LCFI22-.LFB1401 347 .byte 0xe 348 .uleb128 0x8 349 .byte 0x85 350 .uleb128 0x2 351 .byte 0x4 352 .long .LCFI23-.LCFI22 353 .byte 0xd 354 .uleb128 0x5 355 .align 4 356 . LEFDE15: 357 .ident " GCC: (GNU) 4.1.2 20070925 (Red Hat 4.1.2-33) " 358 .section .note.GNU-stack, "" ,@progbits 359
总结：
1.const重载主要是通过能否对传入的参数进行修改为判断的。
2.const参数重载和const函数重载机制都是一样的，因为对于const 函数重载可看做是对隐含的指针this的参数重载。
3.重载是在编译阶段已经完成，对于汇编和链接来说透明的。
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