C/C++的指针3

1.指针与数组的关系

int* pa = x; //x代表数组的首地址

指针+1，实际上是偏移了sizeof(对应数组类型)个字节

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {

	//指针+1，实际上是偏移了sizeof(对应数组类型)个字节
	int x[5] = { 5,4,3,2,1 };
	int* pa = x; //x代表数组的首地址
	for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
		cout << "数组的第 " << (i + 1) << "个元素是" << *pa << endl;
		cout << "数组的第 " << (i + 1) << "个元素地址是" << pa << endl;
		pa++;
	}
	cout << "------" << endl;
	short y[4] = { 4,3,2,1 };
	short* ppa = y;
	cout << "第一个元素的地址：" << ppa << endl;
	ppa++;
	cout << "第二个元素的地址：" << ppa << endl;

	cout << "------" << endl;
	return 0;
}

2.指针数组

指针数组 存放指针的数组

char a[] = "I";
char b[] = "love";
char c[] = "you";
//指针数组 存放指针的数组
char* p[3];
p[0] = a;
p[1] = b;
p[2] = c;
cout << p[0] << ' ' << p[1] << ' ' << p[2] << endl;
cout << "-------------------" << endl;
int mat[3][4] = {
	{1,2,3,4},
	{5,6,7,8},
	{9,10,11,12}
};
int* pmat[3];
pmat[0] = mat[0];
pmat[1] = mat[1];
pmat[2] = mat[2];
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
	for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
		cout << *(pmat[i] + j) << ' '; //pamat[i]为指针指向第i行的首地址，+j表示遍历到第i行的第j个
	}
	cout << endl;
}

3.数组指针

数组指针 为一个指针

//数组指针 为一个指针
int(*pa)[5];
int x[4][5] = {
	{4,3,2,1,0},
	{9,8,7,6,5},
	{6,7,8,9,0},
	{5,6,7,8,9}
};
pa = x;
cout << *(pa) << endl;   //E0  
cout << pa + 1 << endl;  //F4
//偏移20个字节  20 = 4*5 =sizeof(int) *5
cout << pa << ':' << &x[0] << endl;
cout << pa << ':' << &x[1] << endl;
//说明pa存储的某一行地址

4.指针传参

4.1函数的值传递

void swap(int a, int b) {
	cout << "调用函数后a的地址 = " << &a << endl;
	cout << "调用函数后b的地址 = " << &b << endl;
	int temp = a;
	a = b;
	b = temp;
}

4.2函数的地址传递

void swap(int* a, int* b) {
	cout << "调用函数后a的地址 = " << a << endl;
	cout << "调用函数后b的地址 = " << b << endl;
	cout << "-----------" << endl;
	int temp = *a;
	cout << "调用函数后a的值 = " << *a << endl;
	cout << "调用函数后b的值 = " << *b << endl;
	cout << "调用函数后temp的值 = " << temp << endl;
	cout << "-----------" << endl;
	*a = *b;
	cout << "调用函数后a的值 = " << *a << endl;
	cout << "调用函数后b的值 = " << *b << endl;
	cout << "调用函数后temp的值 = " << temp << endl;
	cout << "-----------" << endl;
	*b = temp;
	cout << "调用函数后a的值 = " << *a << endl;
	cout << "调用函数后b的值 = " << *b << endl;
	cout << "调用函数后temp的值 = " << temp << endl;
	cout << "-----------" << endl;
}

int main() {
	int a = 1;
	int b = 2;
    swap(a, b); //值传递
	swap(&a, &b); //地址传递
	cout << "调用函数前a的地址 = " << &a << endl;
	cout << "调用函数前b的地址 = " << &b << endl;
	cout << "-----------" << endl;
	cout << "a = " << a << endl;
	cout << "b = " << b << endl;
	cout << "-----------" << endl;
	return 0;
}