4-7

a) 必要性显然成立
充分性：
$\because\sum_{l=0}^{k-i-1}(A[i+l,j]+A[i+l+1,j+1])\leq\sum_{l=0}^{k-i-1}(A[i+l,j+1]+A[i+l+1,j])$
$\therefore A[i,j]+A[k,j+1]\leq A[i,j+1]+A[k,j]$

$\because \sum_{l=0}^{t-l-1}(A[i,j+l]+A[k,j+l+1])\leq \sum_{l=0}^{t-l-1}(A[i,j+l+1]+A[k,j+l])$
$\therefore A[i,j]+A[k,t]\leq A[i,t]+A[k,j]$
故得证
b) 把22改成24
c) 若存在$f(i)>f(i+1)$，
$则A[i,f(i+1)]+A[i+1,f(i)]\geq A[i,f(i)]+A[i+1,f(i+1)]$
与Monge性质矛盾，故$f(i)\leq f(i+1)$
d) 记第i个偶数行的f值为$g_i$，第i个奇数行的f值为$h_i$，则
$g_i\leq h_i\leq g_{i+1}$,只需检查$g_{i+1}-g_i+1次$，总次数为$n+m/2=O(n+m)$
e) $T(m)=T(m/2)+cm+dn, T=O(nlgm+m)$