linux线程笔记12

死锁

两个线程试图同时占用两个资源，并按不同的次序锁定相应的共享资源

解决方式

1. 按相同的次序锁定相应的共享资源
2. 使用函数pthread_mutex_trylock(),它是函数pthread_mutex_lock()的非阻塞函数

死锁案例

线程A先对资源a上锁，然后睡眠，线程B也对资源b上锁，然后睡眠，线程a睡眠结束后继续对资源b上锁，这时资源b已经被线程b上锁了，线程a被阻塞，同时线程b也继续对资源a上锁，但是资源a已经被线程a上锁了，线程b也被阻塞，出现死锁现象

#include <pthread.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
typedef struct
{
	int	value;
	pthread_mutex_t	mutex;
}ResourceA;

typedef struct
{
	int	value;
	pthread_mutex_t	mutex;
}ResourceB;

typedef struct
{
	ResourceA	*ra;
	ResourceB	*rb;
}Storage;

void* a_fun(void *arg)
{
	Storage *s = (Storage *)arg;
	//对ResourceA加锁
	pthread_mutex_lock(&s->ra->mutex);
	sleep(1);
	printf("0x%lx is waiting for ResouceB...\n",pthread_self());
	//对ResourceB加锁
	pthread_mutex_lock(&s->rb->mutex);
	printf("ResourceA value is:%d\n",&s->ra->value);
	printf("ResourceB value is:%d\n",&s->rb->value);
	pthread_mutex_unlock(&s->ra->mutex);
	pthread_mutex_unlock(&s->rb->mutex);
}
void* b_fun(void *arg)
{
	Storage *s = (Storage *)arg;
	//对ResourceB加锁
	pthread_mutex_lock(&s->rb->mutex);
	sleep(1);
	printf("0x%lx is waiting for ResouceA...\n",pthread_self());
	//对ResourceA加锁
	pthread_mutex_lock(&s->ra->mutex);
	printf("ResourceA value is:%d\n",&s->ra->value);
	printf("ResourceB value is:%d\n",&s->rb->value);
	pthread_mutex_unlock(&s->rb->mutex);
	pthread_mutex_unlock(&s->ra->mutex);
}


int main(void)
{
	ResourceA	ra;
	ResourceB	rb;
	ra.value = 100;
	rb.value = 200;
	pthread_mutex_init(&ra.mutex,NULL);
	pthread_mutex_init(&rb.mutex,NULL);
	Storage s = {&ra,&rb};
	pthread_t thread_a,thread_b;
	pthread_create(&thread_a,NULL,a_fun,(void *)s);
	pthread_create(&thread_b,NULL,b_fun,(void *)s);
	pthread_join(thread_a,NULL);
	pthread_join(thread_b,NULL);
	pthread_mutex_destroy(&ra.mutex);
	pthread_mutex_destroy(&rb.mutex);
	return 0; 
}

改进(利用方法1)：

只对线程b进行改进

void* b_fun(void *arg)
{
	/*
	Storage *s = (Storage *)arg;
	//对ResourceB加锁
	pthread_mutex_lock(&s->rb->mutex);
	sleep(1);
	printf("0x%lx is waiting for ResouceA...\n",pthread_self());
	//对ResourceA加锁
	pthread_mutex_lock(&s->ra->mutex);
	printf("ResourceA value is:%d\n",&s->ra->value);
	printf("ResourceB value is:%d\n",&s->rb->value);
	pthread_mutex_unlock(&s->rb->mutex);
	pthread_mutex_unlock(&s->ra->mutex);
	*/
	Storage *s = (Storage *)arg;
	//对ResourceA加锁
	pthread_mutex_lock(&s->ra->mutex);
	sleep(1);
	printf("0x%lx is waiting for ResouceB...\n",pthread_self());
	//对ResourceB加锁
	pthread_mutex_lock(&s->rb->mutex);
	printf("ResourceA value is:%d\n",&s->ra->value);
	printf("ResourceB value is:%d\n",&s->rb->value);
	pthread_mutex_unlock(&s->ra->mutex);
	pthread_mutex_unlock(&s->rb->mutex);
}