转载自:http://www.cnblogs.com/skywang12345/p/io_01.html
FYI
java 管道介绍
在java中,PipedOutputStream和PipedInputStream分别是管道输出流和管道输入流。
它们的作用是让多线程可以通过管道进行线程间的通讯。在使用管道通信时,必须将PipedOutputStream和PipedInputStream配套使用。
使用管道通信时,大致的流程是:我们在线程A中向PipedOutputStream中写入数据,这些数据会自动的发送到与PipedOutputStream对应的PipedInputStream中,进而存储在PipedInputStream的缓冲中;此时,线程B通过读取PipedInputStream中的数据。就可以实现,线程A和线程B的通信。
管道通信示例
PipeStreamReceiver
package com.framework.base.io.stream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PipedInputStream;
/**
* Created by thushear on 2015/8/29.
*/
/**
* PipeStream 接受者
*/
public class PipeStreamReceiver extends Thread{
private PipedInputStream pipedInputStream = new PipedInputStream();
public PipedInputStream getPipedInputStream() {
return pipedInputStream;
}
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.printf("thread name %s run \n", Thread.currentThread().getName());
// receiverShortMessage();
receiverLongMessage();
}
//
public void receiverShortMessage(){
byte[] buf = new byte[2048];
try {
pipedInputStream.read(buf);
System.out.printf("receiver short message : %s", new String(buf,0,buf.length));
pipedInputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void receiverLongMessage () {
int total = 0;
while (true) {
byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
try {
int read = pipedInputStream.read(buf);
total += read;
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.printf("read %s",new String(buf));
if (total > 1024) {
try {
pipedInputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
break;
}
}
}
}
PipeStreamSender
package com.framework.base.io.stream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PipedOutputStream;
/**
* Created by thushear on 2015/8/29.
*/
/**
* PipeStream 发送者
*/
public class PipeStreamSender extends Thread {
private PipedOutputStream pipedOutputStream = new PipedOutputStream();
public PipedOutputStream getPipedOutputStream() {
return pipedOutputStream;
}
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.printf("thread name %s run \n", Thread.currentThread().getName());
// sendShortMessage();
sendLongMessage();
}
public void sendShortMessage() {
try {
pipedOutputStream.write("hello pipe".getBytes());
pipedOutputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void sendLongMessage(){
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < 102; i++) {
stringBuilder.append("0123456789");
}
stringBuilder.append("abcdefg");
try {
pipedOutputStream.write(stringBuilder.toString().getBytes()) ;
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
pipedOutputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
PipeStreamTest
package com.framework.base.io.stream;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* Created by thushear on 2015/8/29.
*/
public class PipeStreamTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
PipeStreamReceiver pipeStreamReceiver = new PipeStreamReceiver();
PipeStreamSender pipeStreamSender = new PipeStreamSender();
try {
pipeStreamReceiver.getPipedInputStream().connect(pipeStreamSender.getPipedOutputStream());
pipeStreamReceiver.start();
pipeStreamSender.start();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
说明:
(01)
in.connect(out);
将“管道输入流”和“管道输出流”关联起来。查看PipedOutputStream.java和PipedInputStream.java中connect()的源码;我们知道 out.connect(in); 等价于 in.connect(out);
(02)
t1.start(); // 启动“Sender”线程
t2.start(); // 启动“Receiver”线程
先查看Sender.java的源码,线程启动后执行run()函数;在Sender.java的run()中,调用writeShortMessage();
writeShortMessage();的作用就是向“管道输出流”中写入数据”this is a short message” ;这条数据会被“管道输入流”接收到。下面看看这是如何实现的。
先看write(byte b[])的源码,在OutputStream.java中定义。PipedOutputStream.java继承于OutputStream.java;OutputStream.java中write(byte b[])的源码如下:
public void write(byte b[]) throws IOException {
write(b, 0, b.length);
}
实际上write(byte b[])是调用的PipedOutputStream.java中的write(byte b[], int off, int len)函数。查看write(byte b[], int off, int len)的源码,我们发现:它会调用 sink.receive(b, off, len); 进一步查看receive(byte b[], int off, int len)的定义,我们知道sink.receive(b, off, len)的作用就是:将“管道输出流”中的数据保存到“管道输入流”的缓冲中。而“管道输入流”的缓冲区buffer的默认大小是1024个字节。
至此,我们知道:t1.start()启动Sender线程,而Sender线程会将数据”this is a short message”写入到“管道输出流”;而“管道输出流”又会将该数据传输给“管道输入流”,即而保存在“管道输入流”的缓冲中。
接下来,我们看看“用户如何从‘管道输入流’的缓冲中读取数据”。这实际上就是Receiver线程的动作。
t2.start() 会启动Receiver线程,从而执行Receiver.java的run()函数。查看Receiver.java的源码,我们知道run()调用了readMessageOnce()。
而readMessageOnce()就是调用in.read(buf)从“管道输入流in”中读取数据,并保存到buf中。
通过上面的分析,我们已经知道“管道输入流in”的缓冲中的数据是”this is a short message”;因此,buf的数据就是”this is a short message”。
为了加深对管道的理解。我们接着进行下面两个小试验。
试验一:修改Sender.java
将
public void run(){
writeShortMessage();
//writeLongMessage();
}
修改为
public void run(){
//writeShortMessage();
writeLongMessage();
}
```运行程序。运行结果为:
01234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789
01234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789
01234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789
01234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789
01234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789
01234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789
01234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789
01234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789
01234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789
012345678901234567890123456789abcd
这些数据是通过writeLongMessage()写入到“管道输出流”,然后传送给“管道输入流”,进而存储在“管道输入流”的缓冲中;再被用户从缓冲读取出来的数据。
然后,观察writeLongMessage()的源码。我们可以发现,str的长度是1046个字节,然后运行结果只有1024个字节!为什么会这样呢?
道理很简单:管道输入流的缓冲区默认大小是1024个字节。所以,最多只能写入1024个字节。
观察PipedInputStream.java的源码,我们能了解的更透彻。
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private static final int DEFAULT_PIPE_SIZE = 1024;
public PipedInputStream() {
initPipe(DEFAULT_PIPE_SIZE);
}
默认构造函数调用initPipe(DEFAULT_PIPE_SIZE),它的源码如下
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private void initPipe(int pipeSize) {
if (pipeSize <= 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(“Pipe Size <= 0”);
}
buffer = new byte[pipeSize];
}
试验二: 在“试验一”的基础上继续修改Receiver.java
将
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```public void run(){
readMessageOnce() ;
//readMessageContinued() ;
}
修改为
public void run(){
//readMessageOnce() ;
readMessageContinued() ;
}
```运行程序。运行结果为:
01234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789
01234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789
01234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789
01234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789
01234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789
01234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789
01234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789
01234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789
01234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789
012345678901234567890123456789abcd
efghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
这个结果才是writeLongMessage()写入到“输入缓冲区”的完整数据。
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PipedOutputStream和PipedInputStream源码分析
--------------------------------------
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1. PipedOutputStream 源码分析(基于jdk1.7.40)
--------------------------------------
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package java.io;
import java.io.*;
public class PipedOutputStream extends OutputStream {
// 与PipedOutputStream通信的PipedInputStream对象
private PipedInputStream sink;
// 构造函数,指定配对的PipedInputStream
public PipedOutputStream(PipedInputStream snk) throws IOException {
connect(snk);
}
// 构造函数
public PipedOutputStream() {
}
// 将“管道输出流” 和 “管道输入流”连接。
public synchronized void connect(PipedInputStream snk) throws IOException {
if (snk == null) {
throw new NullPointerException();
} else if (sink != null || snk.connected) {
throw new IOException("Already connected");
}
// 设置“管道输入流”
sink = snk;
// 初始化“管道输入流”的读写位置
// int是PipedInputStream中定义的,代表“管道输入流”的读写位置
snk.in = -1;
// 初始化“管道输出流”的读写位置。
// out是PipedInputStream中定义的,代表“管道输出流”的读写位置
snk.out = 0;
// 设置“管道输入流”和“管道输出流”为已连接状态
// connected是PipedInputStream中定义的,用于表示“管道输入流与管道输出流”是否已经连接
snk.connected = true;
}
// 将int类型b写入“管道输出流”中。
// 将b写入“管道输出流”之后,它会将b传输给“管道输入流”
public void write(int b) throws IOException {
if (sink == null) {
throw new IOException("Pipe not connected");
}
sink.receive(b);
}
// 将字节数组b写入“管道输出流”中。
// 将数组b写入“管道输出流”之后,它会将其传输给“管道输入流”
public void write(byte b[], int off, int len) throws IOException {
if (sink == null) {
throw new IOException("Pipe not connected");
} else if (b == null) {
throw new NullPointerException();
} else if ((off < 0) || (off > b.length) || (len < 0) ||
((off + len) > b.length) || ((off + len) < 0)) {
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
} else if (len == 0) {
return;
}
// “管道输入流”接收数据
sink.receive(b, off, len);
}
// 清空“管道输出流”。
// 这里会调用“管道输入流”的notifyAll();
// 目的是让“管道输入流”放弃对当前资源的占有,让其它的等待线程(等待读取管道输出流的线程)读取“管道输出流”的值。
public synchronized void flush() throws IOException {
if (sink != null) {
synchronized (sink) {
sink.notifyAll();
}
}
}
// 关闭“管道输出流”。
// 关闭之后,会调用receivedLast()通知“管道输入流”它已经关闭。
public void close() throws IOException {
if (sink != null) {
sink.receivedLast();
}
}
}
----------------------------------------
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package java.io;
public class PipedInputStream extends InputStream {
// “管道输出流”是否关闭的标记
boolean closedByWriter = false;
// “管道输入流”是否关闭的标记
volatile boolean closedByReader = false;
// “管道输入流”与“管道输出流”是否连接的标记
// 它在PipedOutputStream的connect()连接函数中被设置为true
boolean connected = false;
Thread readSide; // 读取“管道”数据的线程
Thread writeSide; // 向“管道”写入数据的线程
// “管道”的默认大小
private static final int DEFAULT_PIPE_SIZE = 1024;
protected static final int PIPE_SIZE = DEFAULT_PIPE_SIZE;
// 缓冲区
protected byte buffer[];
//下一个写入字节的位置。in==out代表满,说明“写入的数据”全部被读取了。
protected int in = -1;
//下一个读取字节的位置。in==out代表满,说明“写入的数据”全部被读取了。
protected int out = 0;
// 构造函数:指定与“管道输入流”关联的“管道输出流”
public PipedInputStream(PipedOutputStream src) throws IOException {
this(src, DEFAULT_PIPE_SIZE);
}
// 构造函数:指定与“管道输入流”关联的“管道输出流”,以及“缓冲区大小”
public PipedInputStream(PipedOutputStream src, int pipeSize)
throws IOException {
initPipe(pipeSize);
connect(src);
}
// 构造函数:默认缓冲区大小是1024字节
public PipedInputStream() {
initPipe(DEFAULT_PIPE_SIZE);
}
// 构造函数:指定缓冲区大小是pipeSize
public PipedInputStream(int pipeSize) {
initPipe(pipeSize);
}
// 初始化“管道”:新建缓冲区大小
private void initPipe(int pipeSize) {
if (pipeSize <= 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Pipe Size <= 0");
}
buffer = new byte[pipeSize];
}
// 将“管道输入流”和“管道输出流”绑定。
// 实际上,这里调用的是PipedOutputStream的connect()函数
public void connect(PipedOutputStream src) throws IOException {
src.connect(this);
}
// 接收int类型的数据b。
// 它只会在PipedOutputStream的write(int b)中会被调用
protected synchronized void receive(int b) throws IOException {
// 检查管道状态
checkStateForReceive();
// 获取“写入管道”的线程
writeSide = Thread.currentThread();
// 若“写入管道”的数据正好全部被读取完,则等待。
if (in == out)
awaitSpace();
if (in < 0) {
in = 0;
out = 0;
}
// 将b保存到缓冲区
buffer[in++] = (byte)(b & 0xFF);
if (in >= buffer.length) {
in = 0;
}
}
// 接收字节数组b。
synchronized void receive(byte b[], int off, int len) throws IOException {
// 检查管道状态
checkStateForReceive();
// 获取“写入管道”的线程
writeSide = Thread.currentThread();
int bytesToTransfer = len;
while (bytesToTransfer > 0) {
// 若“写入管道”的数据正好全部被读取完,则等待。
if (in == out)
awaitSpace();
int nextTransferAmount = 0;
// 如果“管道中被读取的数据,少于写入管道的数据”;
// 则设置nextTransferAmount=“buffer.length - in”
if (out < in) {
nextTransferAmount = buffer.length - in;
} else if (in < out) { // 如果“管道中被读取的数据,大于/等于写入管道的数据”,则执行后面的操作
// 若in==-1(即管道的写入数据等于被读取数据),此时nextTransferAmount = buffer.length - in;
// 否则,nextTransferAmount = out - in;
if (in == -1) {
in = out = 0;
nextTransferAmount = buffer.length - in;
} else {
nextTransferAmount = out - in;
}
}
if (nextTransferAmount > bytesToTransfer)
nextTransferAmount = bytesToTransfer;
// assert断言的作用是,若nextTransferAmount <= 0,则终止程序。
assert(nextTransferAmount > 0);
// 将数据写入到缓冲中
System.arraycopy(b, off, buffer, in, nextTransferAmount);
bytesToTransfer -= nextTransferAmount;
off += nextTransferAmount;
in += nextTransferAmount;
if (in >= buffer.length) {
in = 0;
}
}
}
// 检查管道状态
private void checkStateForReceive() throws IOException {
if (!connected) {
throw new IOException("Pipe not connected");
} else if (closedByWriter || closedByReader) {
throw new IOException("Pipe closed");
} else if (readSide != null && !readSide.isAlive()) {
throw new IOException("Read end dead");
}
}
// 等待。
// 若“写入管道”的数据正好全部被读取完(例如,管道缓冲满),则执行awaitSpace()操作;
// 它的目的是让“读取管道的线程”管道产生读取数据请求,从而才能继续的向“管道”中写入数据。
private void awaitSpace() throws IOException {
// 如果“管道中被读取的数据,等于写入管道的数据”时,
// 则每隔1000ms检查“管道状态”,并唤醒管道操作:若有“读取管道数据线程被阻塞”,则唤醒该线程。
while (in == out) {
checkStateForReceive();
/* full: kick any waiting readers */
notifyAll();
try {
wait(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException ex) {
throw new java.io.InterruptedIOException();
}
}
}
// 当PipedOutputStream被关闭时,被调用
synchronized void receivedLast() {
closedByWriter = true;
notifyAll();
}
// 从管道(的缓冲)中读取一个字节,并将其转换成int类型
public synchronized int read() throws IOException {
if (!connected) {
throw new IOException("Pipe not connected");
} else if (closedByReader) {
throw new IOException("Pipe closed");
} else if (writeSide != null && !writeSide.isAlive()
&& !closedByWriter && (in < 0)) {
throw new IOException("Write end dead");
}
readSide = Thread.currentThread();
int trials = 2;
while (in < 0) {
if (closedByWriter) {
/* closed by writer, return EOF */
return -1;
}
if ((writeSide != null) && (!writeSide.isAlive()) && (--trials < 0)) {
throw new IOException("Pipe broken");
}
/* might be a writer waiting */
notifyAll();
try {
wait(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException ex) {
throw new java.io.InterruptedIOException();
}
}
int ret = buffer[out++] & 0xFF;
if (out >= buffer.length) {
out = 0;
}
if (in == out) {
/* now empty */
in = -1;
}
return ret;
}
// 从管道(的缓冲)中读取数据,并将其存入到数组b中
public synchronized int read(byte b[], int off, int len) throws IOException {
if (b == null) {
throw new NullPointerException();
} else if (off < 0 || len < 0 || len > b.length - off) {
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
} else if (len == 0) {
return 0;
}
/* possibly wait on the first character */
int c = read();
if (c < 0) {
return -1;
}
b[off] = (byte) c;
int rlen = 1;
while ((in >= 0) && (len > 1)) {
int available;
if (in > out) {
available = Math.min((buffer.length - out), (in - out));
} else {
available = buffer.length - out;
}
// A byte is read beforehand outside the loop
if (available > (len - 1)) {
available = len - 1;
}
System.arraycopy(buffer, out, b, off + rlen, available);
out += available;
rlen += available;
len -= available;
if (out >= buffer.length) {
out = 0;
}
if (in == out) {
/* now empty */
in = -1;
}
}
return rlen;
}
// 返回不受阻塞地从此输入流中读取的字节数。
public synchronized int available() throws IOException {
if(in < 0)
return 0;
else if(in == out)
return buffer.length;
else if (in > out)
return in - out;
else
return in + buffer.length - out;
}
// 关闭管道输入流
public void close() throws IOException {
closedByReader = true;
synchronized (this) {
in = -1;
}
}
}
“`