java加解密算法的简单运用

互联网虽然用起来方便，但是很容易信息泄露，被些别有用心的人攻击，为了保护网络的安全，双向加密算法例如DES,AES，信息摘要MD5,SHA应运而生。
java在jdk的包中也支持相关的加解密算法，底层通过spi扩展机制，加载不同的provider。
其中有几个比较关键的类

1. KeyGenerator ：提供对称密钥生成器的功能，支持各种算法
2. SecretKey：责保存对称密钥
3. Cipher：负责完成加密或解密工作

package com.cipher;/*
    @author 
    @time 23:02
*/

import org.junit.Test;

import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.util.Base64;

public class CipherTest {

    @Test
    public void DESTest() throws Exception {
        //对称加密生成器
        KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance("DES");
        //keyGenerator.
        SecretKey secretKey = keyGenerator.generateKey();
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("DES");

        String str="hello DES";
        //加密
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE,secretKey);
        byte[] encryptStr = cipher.doFinal(str.getBytes());

        String hexStr = EncryptUtil.parseByte2HexStr(encryptStr);
        System.out.println(hexStr);

        //解密
        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE,secretKey);
        byte[] decryptorByte = cipher.doFinal(parseHexStr2Byte(hexStr));
        System.out.println(new String(decryptorByte));
    }

    @Test
    public void AESTest() throws Exception {
        //对称加密生成器
        KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES");
        //keyGenerator.
        SecretKey secretKey = keyGenerator.generateKey();
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");

        String str="hello AES";
        //加密
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE,secretKey);
        byte[] encryptStr = cipher.doFinal(str.getBytes());

        String hexStr = parseByte2HexStr(encryptStr);
        System.out.println(hexStr);

        //解密
        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE,secretKey);
        byte[] decryptorByte = cipher.doFinal(EncryptUtil.parseHexStr2Byte2(hexStr));
        System.out.println(new String(decryptorByte));
    }
    //指定key加解密
    @Test
    public void AESByIndicateKeyTest() throws Exception {
        //对称加密生成器
        String key = "AESKEY";
        KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES");
        keyGenerator.init(new SecureRandom(key.getBytes("utf-8")));
        //keyGenerator.
        SecretKey secretKey = keyGenerator.generateKey();
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");

        String str="hello AES";
        //加密
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE,secretKey);
        byte[] encryptStr = cipher.doFinal(str.getBytes());

        String hexStr = parseByte2HexStr(encryptStr);
        System.out.println(hexStr);


        //使用特定的key
        KeyGenerator keyGenerator2 = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES");
        keyGenerator2.init(new SecureRandom(key.getBytes("utf-8")));
        //keyGenerator.
        SecretKey secretKey2 = keyGenerator2.generateKey();

        //解密
        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE,secretKey2);
        byte[] decryptorByte = cipher.doFinal(EncryptUtil.parseHexStr2Byte2(hexStr));
        System.out.println(new String(decryptorByte));
    }


    @Test
    public void md5Test() throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {
        MessageDigest messageDigest = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
        String str = "hello md5";
        byte[] result = messageDigest.digest(str.getBytes());
        System.out.println(new String(Base64.getEncoder().encode(result)));
    }

    /**将二进制转换成16进制 */
    public static String parseByte2HexStr(byte buf[]) {
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        for (int i = 0; i < buf.length; i++) {

            String hex = Integer.toHexString(buf[i] & 0xFF);
            if (hex.length() == 1) {
                hex = '0' + hex;
            }
            sb.append(hex.toUpperCase());
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }


    /**将16进制转换为二进制*/
    public static byte[] parseHexStr2Byte(String hexStr) {
        if (hexStr.length() < 1)
            return null;
        byte[] result = new byte[hexStr.length()/2];
        for (int i = 0;i< hexStr.length()/2; i++) {
            int temp = Integer.parseInt(hexStr.substring(i*2, i*2+2), 16);
            result[i] = (byte) (temp);
        }
        return result;
    }


}

官方文档：
https://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/technotes/guides/security/crypto/CryptoSpec.html#KeyGenerator