Servlet复习

Servlet复习

一、ServletConfig

ServletConfig对象可以用来封装Servlet的初始化参数。在Web容器创建Servlet对象时，会将Servlet的初始化参数封装到ServletConfig对象中，并在调用servlet的init方法时，将ServletConfig对象传递给servlet。

1.1在web.xml中< init-param >标签下设置Servlet初始化参数：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
  <servlet>
  	<servlet-name>servletConfigDemo1</servlet-name>
  	<servlet-class>servletReviewDemo1.servletConfigDemo1</servlet-class>
  	<!-- 在xml中设置初始化参数 -->
  	<init-param>
        <param-name>name</param-name>
        <param-value>clam</param-value>
    </init-param>
     <init-param>
        <param-name>password</param-name>
        <param-value>123</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <init-param>
        <param-name>charset</param-name>
        <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
  	<servlet-name>servletConfigDemo1</servlet-name>
  	<url-pattern>/demo1</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

1.2在Servlet中接收ServletConfig对象：

package servletReviewDemo1;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Enumeration;

import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * 当servlet配置了初始化参数后，web容器在创建servlet实例对象时
 * 会自动将这些初始化参数封装到ServletConfig对象中
 * 并在调用servlet的init方法时，将ServletConfig对象传递给servlet
 * 进而，我们通过ServletConfig对象就可以得到当前servlet的初始化参数信息
 *@author clam
 *
 */
public class servletConfigDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
	/**
	 * 定义ServletConfig对象
	 * 用来接收初始化参数
	 */
	private ServletConfig config;
	/**
	 * 接收初始化参数
	 */
	public void init(ServletConfig config){
		this.config = config;
	}
	/**
	 * 检验初始化参数的接收
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		String param1 = this.config.getInitParameter("name");
		/*
		 * 输出name的value值
		 */
		PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
		
		out.println(param1);
		
		Enumeration<String> params = this.config.getInitParameterNames();
		/*
		 * 输出全部参数的name和value值
		 */
		while(params.hasMoreElements()){
			String name = params.nextElement();
			out.println("name = "+ name);
			out.println("value = " + this.config.getInitParameter(name));
		}
	}
}

1.3网页查看输出结果：

二、ServletContext

WEB容器在启动时，会为每个WEB应用程序都创建一个ServletContext对象，它代表当前的WEB程序，称context域。
一个WEB应用程序中的Servlet共用一个context域，所以可以用context域在不同的Servlet中共享数据。
ServletConfig中维护了ServletContext对象的引用，可以通过ServletConfig的getServletContext()方法获得context对象的引用，也可以直接使用Servlet的方法getServletContext()获得引用。

2.1使用context域共享数据

在demo1中将数据存入context域中，在demo2中进行访问：
demo1中的代码：

package servletReviewDemo1;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * 在Demo1中创建数据
 * 使用ServletContext在Demo2中访问该数据
 *@author clam
 *
 */
public class servletContextDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
	/*
	 * data是在Demo2中将要访问的数据
	 */
	private String data = "This is clam";
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		/*
		 * 获得ServletContext对象
		 * 使用ServletConfig中的getServletContext()方法
		 */
		ServletContext context = this.getServletConfig().getServletContext();
		/*
		 * 将data放入context域中
		 */
		context.setAttribute("data", data);
	}
}

demo2中的代码：

package servletReviewDemo1;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * 在Demo2中访问data数据
 *@author clam
 *
 */
public class servletContextDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
	
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		/*
		 * 获取ServletContext对象
		 * 使用Servlet中的getServletContext()方法
		 */
		ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
		/*
		 * 获取data元素
		 */
		String data = (String) context.getAttribute("data");
		
		response.getWriter().println(data);
	}

}

2.2获取WEB应用的初始化参数

使用< context-param >标签配置WEB的初始化参数（< context-param >和< init-param >的区别）：

<context-param>
    <param-name>url</param-name>
    <param-value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test</param-value>
  </context-param>

在demo3中获取初始化参数：

package servletReviewDemo1;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * 使用ServletContext获取项目初始化参数
 *@author clam
 *
 */
public class servletContextDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
	
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		/*
		 * 获取context对象
		 */
		ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
		/*
		 * 获取初始化参数
		 */
		String value = (String) context.getInitParameter("url");
		response.getWriter().println("name = url");
		response.getWriter().println("value = " + value);
	}
}

2.3使用ServletContext实现请求转发：

使用ServletContext将demo4的请求转发至demo5
demo4中代码：

package servletReviewDemo1;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * 使用ServletContext实现请求转发
 *@author clam
 *
 */
public class servletContextDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
	
	
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		response.getWriter().println("This is demo4");
		
		ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
		
		RequestDispatcher dispatcher = context.getRequestDispatcher("/contextdemo5");//获取请求转发对象
		
		dispatcher.forward(request, response);//请求转发
	}
}

demo5中代码：

package servletReviewDemo1;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;


public class servletContextDemo5 extends HttpServlet {
	
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		response.getWriter().println("This is demo5");
	}
}

使用浏览器访问demo4时的效果：

2.4使用ServletContext访问文件资源

文件目录信息：

文件中的内容：

使用demo6访问文件内容：

package servletReviewDemo1;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.text.MessageFormat;
import java.util.Properties;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * 使用ServletContext读取文件资源
 *@author clam
 *
 */
public class servletContextDemo6 extends HttpServlet {
	
	
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		String path = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/classes/c3p0.properties");
		
		InputStream in = new FileInputStream(path);
		
		Properties prop = new Properties();
		prop.load(in);
		
		String driver = prop.getProperty("c3p0.driverClass");
		String url = prop.getProperty("c3p0.jdbcUrl");
		String user = prop.getProperty("c3p0.user");
		String password = prop.getProperty("c3p0.password");

		response.getWriter().println(
                MessageFormat.format(
                        "driver={0},url={1},user={2},password={3}", 
                        driver,url, user, password));
	}

}

浏览器访问demo6的效果：

如有不足欢迎指出！