通过Spring @PostConstruct 和 @PreDestroy 方法实现初始化和销毁bean之前进行的操作

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-15 00:21:30 发布

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关于在spring 容器初始化 bean 和销毁前所做的操作定义方式有三种：

第一种：通过@PostConstruct 和 @PreDestroy 方法实现初始化和销毁bean之前进行的操作

第二种是：通过在xml中定义init-method 和 destory-method方法

第三种是：通过bean实现InitializingBean和 DisposableBean接口
下面演示通过 @PostConstruct 和 @PreDestory

1:定义相关的实现类：

package com.myapp.core.annotation.init;

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.annotation.PreDestroy;

public class PersonService {

    private String  message;

    public String getMessage() {
        return message;
    }

    public void setMessage(String message) {
        this.message = message;
    }

    @PostConstruct
    public void  init(){
        System.out.println("I'm  init  method  using  @PostConstrut...."+message);
    }

    @PreDestroy
    public void  dostory(){
        System.out.println("I'm  destory method  using  @PreDestroy....."+message);
    }

}

2：定义相关的配置文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd">

<!-- <context:component-scan  base-package="com.myapp.core.jsr330"/> -->

<context:annotation-config />

<bean id="personService" class="com.myapp.core.annotation.init.PersonService">
  <property name="message" value="123"></property>
</bean>

</beans>

其中告诉spring 容器采用注解配置：扫描注解配置；

测试类：

package com.myapp.core.annotation.init;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class MainTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        ApplicationContext  context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("resource/annotation.xml");

        PersonService   personService  =  (PersonService)context.getBean("personService");

        personService.dostory();
    }

}

测试结果：

I’m init method using @PostConstrut….123
I’m destory method using @PreDestroy…..123

其中也可以通过申明加载org.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor

类来告诉Spring容器采用的常用注解配置的方式：

只需要修改配置文件为：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd">

<!-- <context:component-scan  base-package="com.myapp.core.jsr330"/> -->

<!-- <context:annotation-config /> -->


<bean class="org.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor" />
<bean id="personService" class="com.myapp.core.annotation.init.PersonService">
          <property name="message" value="123"></property>
</bean>



</beans>

第二种是：通过在xml中定义init-method 和 destory-method方法
在xml中配置 init-method和 destory-method方法

只是定义spring 容器在初始化bean 和容器销毁之前的所做的操作

基于xml的配置只是一种方式：

直接上xml中配置文件:


   <bean id="personService" class="com.myapp.core.beanscope.PersonService" scope="singleton"  init-method="init"  destroy-method="cleanUp">

   </bean>

定义PersonService类：

package com.myapp.core.beanscope;


public class PersonService  {
   private String  message;

    public String getMessage() {
        return message;
    }

    public void setMessage(String message) {
        this.message = message;
    }



    public void init(){
        System.out.println("init");
    }
    //  how  validate the  destory method is  a question
    public void  cleanUp(){
        System.out.println("cleanUp");
    }
}

相应的测试类：

package com.myapp.core.beanscope;

import org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class MainTest {
  public static void main(String[] args) {

      AbstractApplicationContext  context =new  ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("SpringBeans.xml");

    PersonService  person = (PersonService)context.getBean("personService");

    person.setMessage("hello  spring");

    PersonService  person_new = (PersonService)context.getBean("personService");

    System.out.println(person.getMessage());
    System.out.println(person_new.getMessage());
    context.registerShutdownHook();


}
}

测试结果：

init
hello spring
hello spring
cleanUp

可以看出 init 方法和 clean up方法都已经执行了。
context.registerShutdownHook(); 是一个钩子方法，当jvm关闭退出的时候会调用这个钩子方法，在设计模式之模板模式中通过在抽象类中定义这样的钩子方法由实现类进行实现，这里的实现类是AbstractApplicationContext，这是spring 容器优雅关闭的方法。

第三种是：通过bean实现InitializingBean和 DisposableBean接口
1：定义相应类实现InitializingBean ,DisposableBean 接口

package com.myapp.core.annotation.init;

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.annotation.PreDestroy;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.DisposableBean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;

public class PersonService  implements InitializingBean,DisposableBean{

    private String  message;

    public String getMessage() {
        return message;
    }

    public void setMessage(String message) {
        this.message = message;
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() throws Exception {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        System.out.println("I'm  init  method  using implements InitializingBean interface...."+message);

    }

    @Override
    public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        System.out.println("I'm  init  method  using implements DisposableBean interface...."+message);

    }


}

2：定义相应的配置文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd">

<!-- <context:component-scan  base-package="com.myapp.core.jsr330"/> -->

<!-- <context:annotation-config /> -->


<!-- <bean class="org.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor" />
<bean id="personService" class="com.myapp.core.annotation.init.PersonService">
          <property name="message" value="123"></property>
</bean>
 -->

<bean id="personService" class="com.myapp.core.annotation.init.PersonService">
          <property name="message" value="123"></property>
</bean>

</beans>

3：测试类：

package com.myapp.core.annotation.init;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class MainTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        AbstractApplicationContext  context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("resource/annotation.xml");

        PersonService   personService  =  (PersonService)context.getBean("personService");

             context.registerShutdownHook();
    }

}

4：输出测试结果：

I'm  init  method  using implements DisposableBean interface....123
三月 16, 2013 5:06:34 下午 org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext doClose
INFO: Closing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@205756: startup date [Sat Mar 16 17:06:30 CST 2013]; root of context hierarchy
I'm  init  method  using implements InitializingBean interface....123