zookeeper学习之三（Curator客户端）

最新推荐文章于 2020-09-15 11:36:51 发布

Jacob_llz

最新推荐文章于 2020-09-15 11:36:51 发布

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Curator框架是最好用，最流行的zookeeper的客户端。

它有以下三个优点

1.提供了一套非常友好的操作API;

2. 提供一些高级特性（包括但不仅限于前篇文章中提到的）的封装

3.易测试

maven依赖如下

Xml代码

<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.curator</groupId>
<artifactId>curator-recipes</artifactId>
<version>2.5.0</version>
</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.curator</groupId>
			<artifactId>curator-recipes</artifactId>
			<version>2.5.0</version>
		</dependency>

按照官方给出的文档和包结构，可以轻松的看出Curator功能分两大类，一是对zookeeper的一些基本命令的封装，比如增删改查。是他的framework模块，一个是他的高级特性，即recipes模块。

一、framework模块

Curator提供了一套Fluent风格的操作API。这在很多脚本类语言里比较流行。

比如他创建client的代码是这样

Java代码

CuratorFramework client = builder.connectString("192.168.11.56:2180")
.sessionTimeoutMs(30000)
.connectionTimeoutMs(30000)
.canBeReadOnly(false)
.retryPolicy(new ExponentialBackoffRetry(1000, Integer.MAX_VALUE))
.namespace(namespace)
.defaultData(null)
.build();
client.start();

CuratorFramework client = builder.connectString("192.168.11.56:2180")
		.sessionTimeoutMs(30000)
		.connectionTimeoutMs(30000)
		.canBeReadOnly(false)
		.retryPolicy(new ExponentialBackoffRetry(1000, Integer.MAX_VALUE))
		.namespace(namespace)
		.defaultData(null)
		.build();
client.start();

一路点到底，这就是所谓的Fluent风格。

我们再看增删改查的

Java代码

public class CrudExamples {
private static CuratorFramework client = ClientFactory.newClient();
private static final String PATH = "/crud";
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
client.start();
client.create().forPath(PATH, "I love messi".getBytes());
byte[] bs = client.getData().forPath(PATH);
System.out.println("新建的节点，data为:" + new String(bs));
client.setData().forPath(PATH, "I love football".getBytes());
// 由于是在background模式下获取的data，此时的bs可能为null
byte[] bs2 = client.getData().watched().inBackground().forPath(PATH);
System.out.println("修改后的data为" + new String(bs2 != null ? bs2 : new byte[0]));
client.delete().forPath(PATH);
Stat stat = client.checkExists().forPath(PATH);
// Stat就是对zonde所有属性的一个映射， stat=null表示节点不存在！
System.out.println(stat);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
CloseableUtils.closeQuietly(client);
}
}
}

public class CrudExamples {
	private static CuratorFramework client = ClientFactory.newClient();
	private static final String PATH = "/crud";

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		try {
			client.start();

			client.create().forPath(PATH, "I love messi".getBytes());

			byte[] bs = client.getData().forPath(PATH);
			System.out.println("新建的节点，data为:" + new String(bs));

			client.setData().forPath(PATH, "I love football".getBytes());

			// 由于是在background模式下获取的data，此时的bs可能为null
			byte[] bs2 = client.getData().watched().inBackground().forPath(PATH);
			System.out.println("修改后的data为" + new String(bs2 != null ? bs2 : new byte[0]));

			client.delete().forPath(PATH);
			Stat stat = client.checkExists().forPath(PATH);

			// Stat就是对zonde所有属性的一个映射， stat=null表示节点不存在！
			System.out.println(stat);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			CloseableUtils.closeQuietly(client);
		}
	}
}

常用接口有

create()增

delete(): 删

checkExists(): 判断是否存在

setData(): 改

getData(): 查

所有这些方法都以forpath()结尾，辅以watch(监听)，withMode（指定模式），和inBackground（后台运行）等方法来使用。

此外，Curator还支持事务，一组crud操作同生同灭。代码如下

Java代码

/**
* 事务操作
*
* @author shencl
*/
public class TransactionExamples {
private static CuratorFramework client = ClientFactory.newClient();
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
client.start();
// 开启事务
CuratorTransaction transaction = client.inTransaction();
Collection<CuratorTransactionResult> results = transaction.create()
.forPath("/a/path", "some data".getBytes()).and().setData()
.forPath("/another/path", "other data".getBytes()).and().delete().forPath("/yet/another/path")
.and().commit();
for (CuratorTransactionResult result : results) {
System.out.println(result.getForPath() + " - " + result.getType());
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 释放客户端连接
CloseableUtils.closeQuietly(client);
}
}
}

/**
 * 事务操作
 * 
 * @author shencl
 */
public class TransactionExamples {
	private static CuratorFramework client = ClientFactory.newClient();

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		try {
			client.start();
			// 开启事务
			CuratorTransaction transaction = client.inTransaction();

			Collection<CuratorTransactionResult> results = transaction.create()
					.forPath("/a/path", "some data".getBytes()).and().setData()
					.forPath("/another/path", "other data".getBytes()).and().delete().forPath("/yet/another/path")
					.and().commit();

			for (CuratorTransactionResult result : results) {
				System.out.println(result.getForPath() + " - " + result.getType());
			}
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			// 释放客户端连接
			CloseableUtils.closeQuietly(client);
		}

	}
}

这段的代码的运行结果，由于最后一步delete的节点不存在，所以整个事务commit失败。失败的原因会放在Collection<CuratorTransactionResult>中，非常友好。

好了framework部分的内容就这么多，是不是特别简单呢。下面就来看看recipes包的内容吧。。

Recipes部分提供的功能官网列的很详细，点击这里。注意文章第一段：Curator宣称，Recipes模块实现了除二阶段提交之外的所有zookeeper特性。

二、Recipes模块

主要有

Elections(选举)，Locks（锁），Barriers（关卡），Atomic（原子量），Caches，Queues等

1、 Elections

选举主要依赖于LeaderSelector和LeaderLatch2个类。前者是所有存活的客户端不间断的轮流做Leader，大同社会。后者是一旦选举出Leader，除非有客户端挂掉重新触发选举，否则不会交出领导权。某党？

这两者在实现上是可以切换的，直接上代码，怎么切换注释里有。由于篇幅所限，这里仅贴出基于LeaderSelector的选举，更多代码见附件

Java代码

/**
* 本类基于leaderSelector实现,所有存活的client会公平的轮流做leader
* 如果不想频繁的变化Leader，需要在takeLeadership方法里阻塞leader的变更！或者使用 {@link}
* LeaderLatchClient
*/
public class LeaderSelectorClient extends LeaderSelectorListenerAdapter implements Closeable {
private final String name;
private final LeaderSelector leaderSelector;
private final String PATH = "/leaderselector";
public LeaderSelectorClient(CuratorFramework client, String name) {
this.name = name;
leaderSelector = new LeaderSelector(client, PATH, this);
leaderSelector.autoRequeue();
}
public void start() throws IOException {
leaderSelector.start();
}
@Override
public void close() throws IOException {
leaderSelector.close();
}
/**
* client成为leader后，会调用此方法
*/
@Override
public void takeLeadership(CuratorFramework client) throws Exception {
int waitSeconds = (int) (5 * Math.random()) + 1;
System.out.println(name + "是当前的leader");
try {
Thread.sleep(TimeUnit.SECONDS.toMillis(waitSeconds));
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
} finally {
System.out.println(name + " 让出领导权\n");
}
}

/**
 * 本类基于leaderSelector实现,所有存活的client会公平的轮流做leader
 * 如果不想频繁的变化Leader，需要在takeLeadership方法里阻塞leader的变更！ 或者使用 {@link}
 * LeaderLatchClient
 */
public class LeaderSelectorClient extends LeaderSelectorListenerAdapter implements Closeable {
	private final String name;
	private final LeaderSelector leaderSelector;
	private final String PATH = "/leaderselector";

	public LeaderSelectorClient(CuratorFramework client, String name) {
		this.name = name;
		leaderSelector = new LeaderSelector(client, PATH, this);
		leaderSelector.autoRequeue();
	}

	public void start() throws IOException {
		leaderSelector.start();
	}

	@Override
	public void close() throws IOException {
		leaderSelector.close();
	}

	/**
	 * client成为leader后，会调用此方法
	 */
	@Override
	public void takeLeadership(CuratorFramework client) throws Exception {
		int waitSeconds = (int) (5 * Math.random()) + 1;
		System.out.println(name + "是当前的leader");
		try {
			Thread.sleep(TimeUnit.SECONDS.toMillis(waitSeconds));
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
		} finally {
			System.out.println(name + " 让出领导权\n");
		}
	}

Java代码

/**
* leader选举
*
* @author shencl
*/
public class LeaderSelectorExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<CuratorFramework> clients = Lists.newArrayList();
List<LeaderSelectorClient> examples = Lists.newArrayList();
try {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
CuratorFramework client = ClientFactory.newClient();
LeaderSelectorClient example = new LeaderSelectorClient(client, "Client #" + i);
clients.add(client);
examples.add(example);
client.start();
example.start();
}
System.out.println("----------先观察一会选举的结果-----------");
Thread.sleep(10000);
System.out.println("----------关闭前5个客户端，再观察选举的结果-----------");
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
clients.get(i).close();
}
// 这里有个小技巧，让main程序一直监听控制台输入，异步的代码就可以一直在执行。不同于while(ture)的是，按回车或esc可退出
new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)).readLine();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
for (LeaderSelectorClient exampleClient : examples) {
CloseableUtils.closeQuietly(exampleClient);
}
for (CuratorFramework client : clients) {
CloseableUtils.closeQuietly(client);
}
}
}
}

/**
 * leader选举
 * 
 * @author shencl
 */
public class LeaderSelectorExample {

	public static void main(String[] args) {

		List<CuratorFramework> clients = Lists.newArrayList();
		List<LeaderSelectorClient> examples = Lists.newArrayList();
		try {
			for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
				CuratorFramework client = ClientFactory.newClient();
				LeaderSelectorClient example = new LeaderSelectorClient(client, "Client #" + i);
				clients.add(client);
				examples.add(example);

				client.start();
				example.start();
			}

            System.out.println("----------先观察一会选举的结果-----------");
			Thread.sleep(10000);

			System.out.println("----------关闭前5个客户端，再观察选举的结果-----------");
			for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
				clients.get(i).close();
			}

			// 这里有个小技巧，让main程序一直监听控制台输入，异步的代码就可以一直在执行。不同于while(ture)的是，按回车或esc可退出
			new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)).readLine();

		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			for (LeaderSelectorClient exampleClient : examples) {
				CloseableUtils.closeQuietly(exampleClient);
			}
			for (CuratorFramework client : clients) {
				CloseableUtils.closeQuietly(client);
			}
		}
	}
}

2、locks

curator lock相关的实现在recipes.locks包里。顶级接口都是InterProcessLock。我们直接看最有代表性的InterProcessReadWriteLock 进程内部读写锁（可重入读写锁）。什么叫可重入，什么叫读写锁。不清楚的先查好资料吧。总之读写锁一定是成对出现的。简易传送门

我们先定义两个任务，可并行的执行的，和互斥执行的。

Java代码

/**
* 并行任务
*
* @author shencl
*/
public class ParallelJob implements Runnable {
private final String name;
private final InterProcessLock lock;
// 锁等待时间
private final int wait_time = 5;
ParallelJob(String name, InterProcessLock lock) {
this.name = name;
this.lock = lock;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
doWork();
} catch (Exception e) {
// ingore;
}
}
public void doWork() throws Exception {
try {
if (!lock.acquire(wait_time, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
System.err.println(name + "等待" + wait_time + "秒，仍未能获取到lock,准备放弃。");
}
// 模拟job执行时间0-4000毫秒
int exeTime = new Random().nextInt(4000);
System.out.println(name + "开始执行,预计执行时间= " + exeTime + "毫秒----------");
Thread.sleep(exeTime);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.release();
}
}
}

/**
 * 并行任务
 * 
 * @author shencl
 */
public class ParallelJob implements Runnable {

	private final String name;

	private final InterProcessLock lock;

	// 锁等待时间
	private final int wait_time = 5;

	ParallelJob(String name, InterProcessLock lock) {
		this.name = name;
		this.lock = lock;
	}

	@Override
	public void run() {
		try {
			doWork();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// ingore;
		}
	}

	public void doWork() throws Exception {
		try {
			if (!lock.acquire(wait_time, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
				System.err.println(name + "等待" + wait_time + "秒，仍未能获取到lock,准备放弃。");
			}
			// 模拟job执行时间0-4000毫秒
			int exeTime = new Random().nextInt(4000);
			System.out.println(name + "开始执行,预计执行时间= " + exeTime + "毫秒----------");
			Thread.sleep(exeTime);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			lock.release();
		}
	}
}

Java代码

/**
* 互斥任务
*
* @author shencl
*/
public class MutexJob implements Runnable {
private final String name;
private final InterProcessLock lock;
// 锁等待时间
private final int wait_time = 10;
MutexJob(String name, InterProcessLock lock) {
this.name = name;
this.lock = lock;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
doWork();
} catch (Exception e) {
// ingore;
}
}
public void doWork() throws Exception {
try {
if (!lock.acquire(wait_time, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
System.err.println(name + "等待" + wait_time + "秒，仍未能获取到lock,准备放弃。");
}
// 模拟job执行时间0-2000毫秒
int exeTime = new Random().nextInt(2000);
System.out.println(name + "开始执行,预计执行时间= " + exeTime + "毫秒----------");
Thread.sleep(exeTime);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.release();
}
}
}

/**
 * 互斥任务
 * 
 * @author shencl
 */
public class MutexJob implements Runnable {

	private final String name;

	private final InterProcessLock lock;

	// 锁等待时间
	private final int wait_time = 10;

	MutexJob(String name, InterProcessLock lock) {
		this.name = name;
		this.lock = lock;
	}

	@Override
	public void run() {
		try {
			doWork();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// ingore;
		}
	}

	public void doWork() throws Exception {
		try {
			if (!lock.acquire(wait_time, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
				System.err.println(name + "等待" + wait_time + "秒，仍未能获取到lock,准备放弃。");
			}
			// 模拟job执行时间0-2000毫秒
			int exeTime = new Random().nextInt(2000);
			System.out.println(name + "开始执行,预计执行时间= " + exeTime + "毫秒----------");
			Thread.sleep(exeTime);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			lock.release();
		}
	}
}

锁测试代码

Java代码

/**
* 分布式锁实例
*
* @author shencl
*/
public class DistributedLockExample {
private static CuratorFramework client = ClientFactory.newClient();
private static final String PATH = "/locks";
// 进程内部（可重入）读写锁
private static final InterProcessReadWriteLock lock;
// 读锁
private static final InterProcessLock readLock;
// 写锁
private static final InterProcessLock writeLock;
static {
client.start();
lock = new InterProcessReadWriteLock(client, PATH);
readLock = lock.readLock();
writeLock = lock.writeLock();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
List<Thread> jobs = Lists.newArrayList();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
Thread t = new Thread(new ParallelJob("Parallel任务" + i, readLock));
jobs.add(t);
}
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
Thread t = new Thread(new MutexJob("Mutex任务" + i, writeLock));
jobs.add(t);
}
for (Thread t : jobs) {
t.start();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
CloseableUtils.closeQuietly(client);
}
}
}

/**
 * 分布式锁实例
 * 
 * @author shencl
 */
public class DistributedLockExample {
	private static CuratorFramework client = ClientFactory.newClient();
	private static final String PATH = "/locks";

	// 进程内部（可重入）读写锁
	private static final InterProcessReadWriteLock lock;
	// 读锁
	private static final InterProcessLock readLock;
	// 写锁
	private static final InterProcessLock writeLock;

	static {
		client.start();
		lock = new InterProcessReadWriteLock(client, PATH);
		readLock = lock.readLock();
		writeLock = lock.writeLock();
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		try {
			List<Thread> jobs = Lists.newArrayList();
			for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
				Thread t = new Thread(new ParallelJob("Parallel任务" + i, readLock));
				jobs.add(t);
			}

			for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
				Thread t = new Thread(new MutexJob("Mutex任务" + i, writeLock));
				jobs.add(t);
			}

			for (Thread t : jobs) {
				t.start();
			}
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			CloseableUtils.closeQuietly(client);
		}
	}
}

看到没，用法和java concurrent包里的ReentrantReadWriteLock 是一模一样的。

事实上，整个recipes包的目录结构、实现原理同java concurrent包的设置是很一致的。比如有queue，Semaphore，Barrier等类，。他整个就是模仿jdk的实现，只不过是基于分布式的！

后边的几项，Barriers（关卡），Atomic（原子量），Caches，Queues和java concurrent包里的类的用法是一样的，就不继续贴了，有些附件里有。

要说明的是：有的功能性能不是特别理想，网上也没见有大的项目的使用案例。比如基于CAS机制的atomic，在某些情况重试的效率还不如硬同步，要是zookeeper节点再一多，各个节点之间通过event触发的数据同步极其频繁。那性能可以想象。

三、测试方法

curator提供了很好的测试工具，你甚至是可以在完全没有搭建zookeeper server端的情况下，完成测试。

有2个重要的类

TestingServer 模拟单点， TestingCluster模拟集群。

需要使用的话，得依赖

Xml代码

<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.curator</groupId>
<artifactId>curator-test</artifactId>
<version>2.5.0</version>
</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.curator</groupId>
			<artifactId>curator-test</artifactId>
			<version>2.5.0</version>
		</dependency>

全文完。

本文参考：

http://curator.apache.org/

http://www.cnblogs.com/hzhuxin/archive/2012/11/01/2749341.html

http://www.chengxuyuans.com/Java+/72042.html

http://macrochen.iteye.com/blog/1366136

Jacob_llz

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zookeeper学习之三（Curator客户端）

Curator框架是最好用，最流行的zookeeper的客户端。它有以下三个优点1.提供了一套非常友好的操作API;2. 提供一些高级特性（包括但不仅限于前篇文章中提到的）的封装3.易测试 maven依赖如下 Xml代码 dependency> groupId>org.apache.curatorgroupId> art
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