java 正则特殊构造Special constructs (named-capturing and non-capturing)

@Test
public void test1() {
    /**
     * .{3}(?=a)代表着这样的功能：
     * 查找给出的字符串中符合a前面有三个字母的这样的子串，当然取得的子串不包括（？=a)
     */
    Pattern p = Pattern.compile(".{3}(?=a)");
    String s1 = "444a66b";
    Matcher m = p.matcher(s1);
    while (m.find()) {
        System.out.println(m.group());
    }
}

@Test
public void test2() {
    /**
     * 通过上面的（？=X）下面来测试和设想一下(?!a)，api解释为
     * (?！X) X，通过零宽度的负lookahead，所以对比一下很容易想到
     * \\d{3}(?!a)代表着连续三个数字的后面出现的字符不是a的匹配，
     * 所以字符串444a666b只有一个匹配子串666
     * 字符串444b666b两个匹配444 666
     * 字符串444a666a都不匹配
     */
    Pattern p = Pattern.compile("\\d{3}(?!a)");//(?！X) X，通过零宽度的负lookahead
    String s3 = "444b666b";
    Matcher m = p.matcher(s3);
    while (m.find()) {
        System.out.println(m.group());
    }
}

@Test
public void test3() {
    /**
     * lookbehind
     * (?<=[a-z]+)(\d) 前边是a-z
     */
    String patternStr1 = "(?<=[a-z]+)(\\d)";
    Pattern p = Pattern.compile(patternStr1);
    Matcher m = p.matcher("sdfafds8435423");
    while (m.find())
        System.out.println(m.group());
    //  运行结果：8
}

@Test
public void test4() {
    /**
     * lookbehind
     * (?<=[a-z]+)(\d) 前边不是a-z
     */
    String patternStr1 = "(?<![a-z])(\\d+)";
    Pattern p = Pattern.compile(patternStr1);
    Matcher m = p.matcher("sdfafds8435423");
    while (m.find())
        System.out.println(m.group());

    //  运行结果：435423
}

@Test
public void test5() {
    /**
     * （？：X）的作用是取消分组,看结果没有2这个组
     */
    String patternStr1 = "([a-z]+)(?:\\d)";
    Pattern p = Pattern.compile(patternStr1);
    Matcher m = p.matcher("sdfafds8435423");
    while (m.find()) {
        System.out.println(m.group(0));
        System.out.println(m.group(1));
        System.out.println(m.group(2));
        //sdfafds8
        //sdfafds
        //java.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException: No group 2
    }
}