本文用3个题目,从建立数据库到创建存储过程,详细讲解数据库的功能。
题目1
学校图书馆借书信息管理系统建立三个表:
学生信息表:student
字段名称 | 数据类型 | 说明 |
stuID | char(10) | 学生编号,主键 |
stuName | Varchar(10) | 学生名称 |
major | Varchar(50) | 专业 |
图书表:book
字段名称 | 数据类型 | 说明 |
stuID | char(10) | 学生编号,主键 |
stuName | Varchar(10) | 学生名称 |
major | Varchar(50) | 专业 |
借书信息表:borrow
字段名称 | 数据类型 | 说明 |
borrowID | char(10) | 借书编号,主键 |
stuID | char(10) | 学生编号,外键 |
BID | char(10) | 图书编号,外键 |
T_time | datetime | 借书日期 |
B_time | datetime | 还书日期 |
请编写SQL语句完成以下的功能:
1)
查询“计算机”专业学生在“2007-12-15”至“2008-1-8”时间段内借书的学生编号、学生名称、图书编号、图书名称、借出日期;参考查询结果如下图所示:
2)
查询所有借过图书的学生编号、学生名称、专业;参考查询结果如下图所示:
3)
查询借过作者为“安意如”的图书的学生姓名、图书名称、借出日期、归还日期;参考查询结果如下图所示:
4)
查询目前借书但未归还图书的学生名称及未还图书数量;参考查询结果如下图所示:
附加:建表语句:
- USE master
- GO
- /*
$建库
*/ -
- IF exists(SELECT * FROM sysdatabases WHERE name='BOOK')
- DROP DATABASE BOOK
- GO
- CREATE DATABASE BOOK
- GO
-
-
- USE BOOK
- GO
- CREATE TABLE student
- (
- stuID CHAR(10) primary key,
- stuName CHAR(10) NOT NULL ,
- major CHAR(50) NOT NULL
- )
- GO
- CREATE TABLE book
- (
- BID CHAR(10) primary key,
- title CHAR(50) NOT NULL,
- author CHAR(20) NOT NULL,
- )
- GO
- CREATE TABLE borrow
- (
- borrowID CHAR(10) primary key,
- stuID CHAR(10) foreign key(stuID) references student(stuID),
- BID CHAR(10) foreign key(BID) references book(BID),
- T_time datetime NOT NULL,
- B_time datetime
- )
- GO
-
-
- INSERT INTO student(stuID,stuName,major)VALUES('1001','林林','计算机')
- INSERT INTO student(stuID,stuName,major)VALUES('1002','白杨','计算机')
- INSERT INTO student(stuID,stuName,major)VALUES('1003','虎子','英语')
- INSERT INTO student(stuID,stuName,major)VALUES('1004','北漂的雪','工商管理')
- INSERT INTO student(stuID,stuName,major)VALUES('1005','五月','数学')
-
- INSERT INTO book(BID,title,author)VALUES('B001','人生若只如初见','安意如')
- INSERT INTO book(BID,title,author)VALUES('B002','入学那天遇见你','晴空')
- INSERT INTO book(BID,title,author)VALUES('B003','感谢折磨你的人','如娜')
- INSERT INTO book(BID,title,author)VALUES('B004','我不是教你诈','刘庸')
- INSERT INTO book(BID,title,author)VALUES('B005','英语四级','白雪')
-
- INSERT INTO borrow(borrowID,stuID,BID,T_time,B_time)VALUES('T001','1001','B001','2007-12-26',null)
- INSERT INTO borrow(borrowID,stuID,BID,T_time,B_time)VALUES('T002','1004','B003','2008-1-5',null)
- INSERT INTO borrow(borrowID,stuID,BID,T_time,B_time)VALUES('T003','1005','B001','2007-10-8','2007-12-25')
- INSERT INTO borrow(borrowID,stuID,BID,T_time,B_time)VALUES('T004','1005','B002','2007-12-16','2008-1-7')
- INSERT INTO borrow(borrowID,stuID,BID,T_time,B_time)VALUES('T005','1002','B004','2007-12-22',null)
- INSERT INTO borrow(borrowID,stuID,BID,T_time,B_time)VALUES('T006','1005','B005','2008-1-6',null)
- INSERT INTO borrow(borrowID,stuID,BID,T_time,B_time)VALUES('T007','1002','B001','2007-9-11',null)
- INSERT INTO borrow(borrowID,stuID,BID,T_time,B_time)VALUES('T008','1005','B004','2007-12-10',null)
- INSERT INTO borrow(borrowID,stuID,BID,T_time,B_time)VALUES('T009','1004','B005','2007-10-16','2007-12-18')
- INSERT INTO borrow(borrowID,stuID,BID,T_time,B_time)VALUES('T010','1002','B002','2007-9-15','2008-1-5')
- INSERT INTO borrow(borrowID,stuID,BID,T_time,B_time)VALUES('T011','1004','B003','2007-12-28',null)
- INSERT INTO borrow(borrowID,stuID,BID,T_time,B_time)VALUES('T012','1002','B003','2007-12-30',null)
标准答案:
-- 1)查询“计算机”专业学生在“2007-12-15”至“2008-1-8”时间段内借书的学生编号、学生名称、图书编号、图书名称、借出日期—
- select 学生编号=stuID,学生名称=(select stuName from student where stuID=borrow.stuID),图书编号=BID,图书名称=(select title from book where BID=borrow.BID),借出日期=T_time from borrow where stuID in (select stuID from student where major='计算机') and T_time>'2007-12-15' and T_time<'2008-1-8'
-- 2)查询所有借过图书的学生编号、学生名称、专业--
- select 学生编号=stuID,学生名称=stuName,专业=major from student where stuID in (select stuID from borrow)
-- 3)查询借过作者为“安意如”的图书的学生姓名、图书名称、借出日期--
- select 学生名称=(select stuName from student where stuID=borrow.stuID),图书名称=(select title from book where BID=borrow.BID),借出日期=T_time,归还日期=B_time from borrow where BID in (select BID from book where author='安意如')
-- 4)查询目前借书但未归还图书的学生名称及未还图书数量--
- select 学生名称=(select stuName from student where stuID=borrow.stuID),借书数量=count(*) from borrow where B_time is null group by stuID
题目2
程序员工资表:ProWage
字段名称 | 数据类型 | 说明 |
ID | int | 自动编号,主键 |
PName | Char(10) | 程序员姓名 |
Wage | int | 工资 |
创建一个存储过程,对程序员的工资进行分析,月薪1500到10000不等,如果有百分之五十的人薪水不到2000元,给所有人加薪,每次加100,再进行分析,直到有一半以上的人大于2000元为止,存储过程执行完后,最终加了多少钱?
例如:如果有百分之五十的人薪水不到2000,给所有人加薪,每次加100元,直到有一半以上的人工资大于2000元,调用存储过程后的结果如图:
请编写T-SQL来实现如下功能:
1)
创建存储过程,查询是否有一半程序员的工资在2200、3000、3500、4000、5000或6000元之上,如果不到分别每次给每个程序员加薪100元,至之一半程序员的工资达到2200,3000,3500,4000,5000或6000元。
2)
创建存储过程,查询程序员平均工资在4500元,如果不到则每个程序员每次加200元,至到所有程序员平均工资达到4500元。
建表语句:
- USE master
- GO
- /*
$建库
*/ -
- IF exists(SELECT * FROM sysdatabases WHERE name='Wage')
- DROP DATABASE Wage
- GO
- CREATE DATABASE Wage
- GO
-
-
- USE Wage
- GO
- CREATE TABLE ProWage
- (
- ID int identity(1,1) primary key,
- PName CHAR(10) NOT NULL ,
- Wage int NOT NULL
- )
- GO
-
- INSERT INTO ProWage(PName,Wage)VALUES('青鸟',1900)
- INSERT INTO ProWage(PName,Wage)VALUES('张三',1200)
- INSERT INTO ProWage(PName,Wage)VALUES('李四',1800)
- INSERT INTO ProWage(PName,Wage)VALUES('二月',3500)
- INSERT INTO ProWage(PName,Wage)VALUES('蓝天',2780)
标准答案:
-
- if exists (select * from sysobjects where name='Sum_wage')
- drop procedure Sum_wage
- GO
- create procedure Sum_wage
- @PWage int,
- @AWage int,
- @total int
- as
- while (1=1)
- begin
- if (select count(*) from ProWage)>2*(select count(*) from ProWage where Wage>=@PWage)
- update ProWage set @total=@total+@AWage,Wage=Wage+@AWage
- else
- break
- end
- print'一共加薪:'+convert(varchar,@total)+'元'
- print'加薪后的程序员工资列表:'
- select * from ProWage
-
- exec Sum_wage @PWage=2000,@AWage=100,@total=0
- exec Sum_wage @PWage=2200,@AWage=100,@total=0
- exec Sum_wage @PWage=3000,@AWage=100,@total=0
- exec Sum_wage @PWage=4000,@AWage=100,@total=0
- exec Sum_wage @PWage=5000,@AWage=100,@total=0
- exec Sum_wage @PWage=6000,@AWage=100,@total=0
-
-
- if exists (select * from sysobjects where name='Avg_wage')
- drop procedure Avg_wage
- GO
- create procedure Avg_wage
- @PWage int,
- @AWage int,
- @total int
- as
- while (1=1)
- begin
- if ((select Avg(Wage) from ProWage)<=@PWage)
- update ProWage set @total=@total+@AWage,Wage=Wage+@AWage
- else
- break
- end
- print'一共加薪:'+convert(varchar,@total)+'元'
- print'加薪后的程序员工资列表:'
- select * from ProWage
-
- exec Avg_wage @PWage=3000,@AWage=200,@total=0
- exec Avg_wage @PWage=4500,@AWage=200,@total=0
题目3
学生成绩信息三个表,结构如下:
学生表:Member
字段名称 | 数据类型 | 说明 |
MID | Char(10) | 学生号,主键 |
MName | Char(50) | 姓名 |
课程表:F
字段名称 | 数据类型 | 说明 |
FID | Char(10) | 课程,主键 |
FName | Char(50) | 课程名 |
成绩表:Score
字段名称 | 数据类型 | 说明 |
SID | int | 自动编号,主键,成绩记录号 |
FID | Char(10) | 课程号,外键 |
MID | Char(10) | 学生号,外键 |
Score | int | 成绩 |
请编写T-SQL语句来实现如下功能:
1)
查询各个学生语文、数学、英语、历史课程成绩,例如下表:
姓名 | 语文 | 数学 | 英语 | 历史 |
张萨 | 78 | 67 | 89 | 76 |
王强 | 89 | 67 | 84 | 96 |
李三 | 70 | 87 | 92 | 56 |
李四 | 80 | 78 | 97 | 66 |
2)
查询四门课中成绩低于70分的学生及相对应课程名和成绩。
3)
统计各个学生参加考试课程的平均分,且按平均分数由高到底排序。
4)
创建存储过程,分别查询参加1、2、3、4门考试及没有参加考试的学生名单,要求显示姓名、学号。
建表语句:
- USE master
- GO
- /*
$建库
*/ -
- IF exists(SELECT * FROM sysdatabases WHERE name='Student')
- DROP DATABASE Student
- GO
- CREATE DATABASE Student
- GO
-
-
- USE Student
- GO
- CREATE TABLE Member
- (
- MID char(10) primary key,
- MName CHAR(50) NOT NULL
- )
- GO
- CREATE TABLE F
- (
- FID char(10) primary key,
- FName CHAR(50) NOT NULL
- )
- GO
- CREATE TABLE score
- (
- SID int identity(1,1) primary key,
- FID char(10) foreign key(FID) references F(FID) ,
- MID char(10) foreign key(MID) references Member(MID) ,
- Score int NOT NULL
- )
- GO
-
- INSERT INTO F(FID,FName)VALUES('F001','语文')
- INSERT INTO F(FID,FName)VALUES('F002','数学')
- INSERT INTO F(FID,FName)VALUES('F003','英语')
- INSERT INTO F(FID,FName)VALUES('F004','历史')
-
- INSERT INTO Member(MID,MName)VALUES('M001','张萨')
- INSERT INTO Member(MID,MName)VALUES('M002','王强')
- INSERT INTO Member(MID,MName)VALUES('M003','李三')
- INSERT INTO Member(MID,MName)VALUES('M004','李四')
- INSERT INTO Member(MID,MName)VALUES('M005','阳阳')
- INSERT INTO Member(MID,MName)VALUES('M006','虎子')
- INSERT INTO Member(MID,MName)VALUES('M007','夏雪')
- INSERT INTO Member(MID,MName)VALUES('M008','璐璐')
- INSERT INTO Member(MID,MName)VALUES('M009','珊珊')
- INSERT INTO Member(MID,MName)VALUES('M010','香奈儿')
-
- INSERT INTO Score(FID,MID,Score)VALUES('F001','M001',78)
- INSERT INTO Score(FID,MID,Score)VALUES('F002','M001',67)
- INSERT INTO Score(FID,MID,Score)VALUES('F003','M001',89)
- INSERT INTO Score(FID,MID,Score)VALUES('F004','M001',76)
- INSERT INTO Score(FID,MID,Score)VALUES('F001','M002',89)
- INSERT INTO Score(FID,MID,Score)VALUES('F002','M002',67)
- INSERT INTO Score(FID,MID,Score)VALUES('F003','M002',84)
- INSERT INTO Score(FID,MID,Score)VALUES('F004','M002',96)
- INSERT INTO Score(FID,MID,Score)VALUES('F001','M003',70)
- INSERT INTO Score(FID,MID,Score)VALUES('F002','M003',87)
- INSERT INTO Score(FID,MID,Score)VALUES('F003','M003',92)
- INSERT INTO Score(FID,MID,Score)VALUES('F004','M003',56)
- INSERT INTO Score(FID,MID,Score)VALUES('F001','M004',80)
- INSERT INTO Score(FID,MID,Score)VALUES('F002','M004',78)
- INSERT INTO Score(FID,MID,Score)VALUES('F003','M004',97)
- INSERT INTO Score(FID,MID,Score)VALUES('F004','M004',66)
- INSERT INTO Score(FID,MID,Score)VALUES('F001','M006',88)
- INSERT INTO Score(FID,MID,Score)VALUES('F002','M006',55)
- INSERT INTO Score(FID,MID,Score)VALUES('F003','M006',86)
- INSERT INTO Score(FID,MID,Score)VALUES('F004','M006',79)
- INSERT INTO Score(FID,MID,Score)VALUES('F002','M007',77)
- INSERT INTO Score(FID,MID,Score)VALUES('F003','M008',65)
- INSERT INTO Score(FID,MID,Score)VALUES('F004','M007',48)
- INSERT INTO Score(FID,MID,Score)VALUES('F004','M009',75)
- INSERT INTO Score(FID,MID,Score)VALUES('F002','M009',88)
标准答案:
-- 1)查询各个学生语文、数学、英语、历史课程成绩--
- SELECT Member.MName AS 姓名,
- 英语 = SUM(CASE F.FName WHEN '语文' THEN Score.Score END),
- 数学 = SUM(CASE F.FName WHEN '数学' THEN Score.Score END),
- 语文 = SUM(CASE F.FName WHEN '英语' THEN Score.Score END),
- 历史 = SUM(CASE F.FName WHEN '历史' THEN Score.Score END)
- FROM Score, Member,F
- WHERE F.FID = Score.FID AND Member.MID =Score.MID GROUP BY Member.MName
-- 2)查询四门课中成绩低于70分的学生及相对应课程名和成绩--
- select 姓名=(select MName from Member where MID=Score.MID),课程名=(select FName from F where FID=Score.FID),成绩=Score from Score where Score<70
-- 3)统计各个学生四课程的平均分,且按平均分数由高到底排序--
- select 姓名=(select MName from Member where MID=Score.MID),平均分=Avg(Score) from Score group by MID order by 平均分 desc
-- 4)创建存储过程--
- if exists (select * from sysobjects where name='P_stu')
- drop procedure P_stu
- GO
- create procedure P_stu
- @num int
- As
- print'参加'+convert(varchar(5),@num)+'门课考试的学生姓名及学号:'
- select 姓名=(select MName from Member where MID=Score.MID),学号=MID from Score group by MID having count(*)=@num
-
-
- exec P_stu @num=2