spring和springmvc的关系

如果想要了解spring和springmvc的关系，首先得从web.xml配置文件开始讲起

如下web.xml配置

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
 "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
 "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app>
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
  <!---->
<context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>
      <!--加载spring配置-->
      classpath:config/spring/applicationContext-core.xml
    </param-value>
</context-param>

  <listener>
      <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  </listener>

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>spring-dispatcher</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <!--springmvc的配置文件-->
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:config/spring/spring-dispatcher.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup>0</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>spring-dispatcher</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

从配置文件中不难发现，有两个*.xml文件需要加载，一个是通过servlet监听器org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener加载classpath:config/spring/applicationContext-core.xml配置文件

一个是通过org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet加载classpath:config/spring/spring-dispatcher.xml加载配置文件。

两者都是加载配置文件有什么区别呢？？？

OK，让老铁来给你们分析

1、org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener加载配置文件

servlet容器启动时会调用到contextInitialized方法，如下

@Override
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {
   initWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());
}

接着掉到initWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());方法，如下

	public WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext(ServletContext servletContext) {
		if (servletContext.getAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE) != null) {
			throw new IllegalStateException(
					"Cannot initialize context because there is already a root application context present - " +
					"check whether you have multiple ContextLoader* definitions in your web.xml!");
		}

		Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(ContextLoader.class);
		servletContext.log("Initializing Spring root WebApplicationContext");
		if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
			logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization started");
		}
		long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

		try {
			// Store context in local instance variable, to guarantee that
			// it is available on ServletContext shutdown.
			if (this.context == null) {
				this.context = createWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
			}
			if (this.context instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {
				ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) this.context;
				if (!cwac.isActive()) {
					// The context has not yet been refreshed -> provide services such as
					// setting the parent context, setting the application context id, etc
					if (cwac.getParent() == null) {
						// The context instance was injected without an explicit parent ->
						// determine parent for root web application context, if any.
						ApplicationContext parent = loadParentContext(servletContext);
						cwac.setParent(parent);
					}
					configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac, servletContext);
				}
			}
			servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, this.context);

			ClassLoader ccl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
			if (ccl == ContextLoader.class.getClassLoader()) {
				currentContext = this.context;
			}
			else if (ccl != null) {
				currentContextPerThread.put(ccl, this.context);
			}

			if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
				logger.debug("Published root WebApplicationContext as ServletContext attribute with name [" +
						WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE + "]");
			}
			if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
				long elapsedTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;
				logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in " + elapsedTime + " ms");
			}

			return this.context;
		}
		catch (RuntimeException ex) {
			logger.error("Context initialization failed", ex);
			servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, ex);
			throw ex;
		}
		catch (Error err) {
			logger.error("Context initialization failed", err);
			servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, err);
			throw err;
		}
	}

configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac, servletContext);该方法就是IOC和AOP等spring核心功能的初始化方法，这个不详细讲解，后面章节会持续分析spring源码

servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, this.context);这行代码，把创建出来的spring上下午设置到了servletContext即servlet上下文中了。

2、org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet加载配置文件

我们都知道servlet初始化时会调用servlet的init方法

public final void init() throws ServletException {
   if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
      logger.debug("Initializing servlet '" + getServletName() + "'");
   }

   // Set bean properties from init parameters.
   try {
      PropertyValues pvs = new ServletConfigPropertyValues(getServletConfig(), this.requiredProperties);
      BeanWrapper bw = PropertyAccessorFactory.forBeanPropertyAccess(this);
      ResourceLoader resourceLoader = new ServletContextResourceLoader(getServletContext());
      bw.registerCustomEditor(Resource.class, new ResourceEditor(resourceLoader, getEnvironment()));
      initBeanWrapper(bw);
      bw.setPropertyValues(pvs, true);
   }
   catch (BeansException ex) {
      logger.error("Failed to set bean properties on servlet '" + getServletName() + "'", ex);
      throw ex;
   }

   // Let subclasses do whatever initialization they like.
   initServletBean();

   if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
      logger.debug("Servlet '" + getServletName() + "' configured successfully");
   }
}

initServletBean();方法会调到FrameworkServlet类中即HttpServletBean的子类中，代码如下

protected final void initServletBean() throws ServletException {
   getServletContext().log("Initializing Spring FrameworkServlet '" + getServletName() + "'");
   if (this.logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
      this.logger.info("FrameworkServlet '" + getServletName() + "': initialization started");
   }
   long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

   try {
      this.webApplicationContext = initWebApplicationContext();
      initFrameworkServlet();
   }
   catch (ServletException ex) {
      this.logger.error("Context initialization failed", ex);
      throw ex;
   }
   catch (RuntimeException ex) {
      this.logger.error("Context initialization failed", ex);
      throw ex;
   }

   if (this.logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
      long elapsedTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;
      this.logger.info("FrameworkServlet '" + getServletName() + "': initialization completed in " +
            elapsedTime + " ms");
   }
}

同样的也有一个initWebApplicationContext();方法，代码如下

protected WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext() {
   WebApplicationContext rootContext =
         WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(getServletContext());
   WebApplicationContext wac = null;

   if (this.webApplicationContext != null) {
      // A context instance was injected at construction time -> use it
      wac = this.webApplicationContext;
      if (wac instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {
         ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) wac;
         if (!cwac.isActive()) {
            // The context has not yet been refreshed -> provide services such as
            // setting the parent context, setting the application context id, etc
            if (cwac.getParent() == null) {
               // The context instance was injected without an explicit parent -> set
               // the root application context (if any; may be null) as the parent
               cwac.setParent(rootContext);
            }
            configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac);
         }
      }
   }
   if (wac == null) {
      // No context instance was injected at construction time -> see if one
      // has been registered in the servlet context. If one exists, it is assumed
      // that the parent context (if any) has already been set and that the
      // user has performed any initialization such as setting the context id
      wac = findWebApplicationContext();
   }
   if (wac == null) {
      // No context instance is defined for this servlet -> create a local one
      wac = createWebApplicationContext(rootContext);
   }

   if (!this.refreshEventReceived) {
      // Either the context is not a ConfigurableApplicationContext with refresh
      // support or the context injected at construction time had already been
      // refreshed -> trigger initial onRefresh manually here.
      onRefresh(wac);
   }

   if (this.publishContext) {
      // Publish the context as a servlet context attribute.
      String attrName = getServletContextAttributeName();
      getServletContext().setAttribute(attrName, wac);
      if (this.logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
         this.logger.debug("Published WebApplicationContext of servlet '" + getServletName() +
               "' as ServletContext attribute with name [" + attrName + "]");
      }
   }

   return wac;
}

看看第一行代码WebApplicationContext rootContext = WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(getServletContext());

代码点进去看，可以看到如下代码：

public static WebApplicationContext getWebApplicationContext(ServletContext sc, String attrName) {
   Assert.notNull(sc, "ServletContext must not be null");
   Object attr = sc.getAttribute(attrName);
   if (attr == null) {
      return null;
   }
   if (attr instanceof RuntimeException) {
      throw (RuntimeException) attr;
   }
   if (attr instanceof Error) {
      throw (Error) attr;
   }
   if (attr instanceof Exception) {
      throw new IllegalStateException((Exception) attr);
   }
   if (!(attr instanceof WebApplicationContext)) {
      throw new IllegalStateException("Context attribute is not of type WebApplicationContext: " + attr);
   }
   return (WebApplicationContext) attr;
}

Object attr = sc.getAttribute(attrName); attrName=WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE。由此发现，这个属性名称正是我们第一步中监听器加载配置文件时，通过servlet上下文设置的属性名称，而属性值就是通过监听器初始化的spring上下文。由此可以得出，在DispatcherServlet中我们通过servlet上下文获取到了spring的上下文对象，代码接着玩下看

在initWebApplicationContext()方法中有一个这样的代码，创建springmvc的上下文，然后把spring的上下文传进方法里面了

if (wac == null) { // No context instance is defined for this servlet -> create a local one wac = createWebApplicationContext(rootContext); }

OK，方法点进去

protected WebApplicationContext createWebApplicationContext(ApplicationContext parent) {
   Class<?> contextClass = getContextClass();
   if (this.logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
      this.logger.debug("Servlet with name '" + getServletName() +
            "' will try to create custom WebApplicationContext context of class '" +
            contextClass.getName() + "'" + ", using parent context [" + parent + "]");
   }
   if (!ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.isAssignableFrom(contextClass)) {
      throw new ApplicationContextException(
            "Fatal initialization error in servlet with name '" + getServletName() +
            "': custom WebApplicationContext class [" + contextClass.getName() +
            "] is not of type ConfigurableWebApplicationContext");
   }
   ConfigurableWebApplicationContext wac =
         (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass);

   wac.setEnvironment(getEnvironment());
   wac.setParent(parent);
   wac.setConfigLocation(getContextConfigLocation());

   configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(wac);

   return wac;
}

入参ApplicationContext parent就是spring的上下文， wac.setParent(parent);，把spring的上下文设置到了springmvc的上下文属性中了。。。

综上所述，spring和springmvc的上下文是父子关系，通过后续的源码解读我们也可以验证这一点，这两个容器是相互独立的容器，各自有各自的实例，配置在了spring配置文件中（通过servlet监听加载的配置文件）就会把实例缓存到spring容器中，配置在springmvc配置文件中（通过DispatcherServlet加载的配置文件）就会把实例缓存到springmvc容器中，springmvc也可以获取到spring容器的实例，通过applicationContext.getParent().getBean()获取

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