一、查看MYSQL数据库中所有用户及拥有权限
1.查看MYSQL数据库中所有用户
mysql> SELECT DISTINCT CONCAT('User: ''',user,'''@''',host,''';') AS query FROM mysql.user;
+---------------------------------+
| query |
+---------------------------------+
| User: 'anemometer'@'%'; |
| User: 'root'@'%'; |
| User: 'zabbix-monitor'@'%'; |
| User: 'root'@'127.0.0.1'; |
| User: 'root'@'192.168.1.90'; |
| User: 'root'@'::1'; |
| User: 'anemometer'@'localhost'; |
| User: 'redmine'@'localhost'; |
| User: 'root'@'localhost'; |
| User: 'zabbix'@'localhost'; |
+---------------------------------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2.查看数据库中具体某个用户的权限
mysql> show grants for 'anemometer'@'%';
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for anemometer@% |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT SELECT ON *.* TO 'anemometer'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*3E68D69BA58D0A50F00FCCF5F15DEDC9EBD432EA' |
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `slow_query_log`.* TO 'anemometer'@'%' |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from mysql.user where user='anemometer' \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Host: localhost
User: anemometer
Password: *3E68D69BA58D0A50F00FCCF5F15DEDC9EBD432EA
Select_priv: Y
Insert_priv: N
Update_priv: N
Delete_priv: N
Create_priv: N
Drop_priv: N
Reload_priv: N
Shutdown_priv: N
Process_priv: N
File_priv: N
Grant_priv: N
References_priv: N
Index_priv: N
Alter_priv: N
Show_db_priv: N
Super_priv: N
Create_tmp_table_priv: N
Lock_tables_priv: N
Execute_priv: N
Repl_slave_priv: N
Repl_client_priv: N
Create_view_priv: N
Show_view_priv: N
Create_routine_priv: N
3.查看user表结构 需要具体的项可结合表结构来查询
mysql> desc mysql.user;
+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+
| Host | char(60) | NO | PRI | | |
| User | char(16) | NO | PRI | | |
| Password | char(41) | NO | | | |
| Select_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Insert_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Update_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Delete_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Drop_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Reload_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Shutdown_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO
Process_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| File_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Grant_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| References_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Index_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Alter_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Show_db_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Super_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_tmp_table_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Lock_tables_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Execute_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Repl_slave_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Repl_client_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_view_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Show_view_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_routine_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Alter_routine_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_user_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Event_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Trigger_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_tablespace_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| ssl_type | enum('','ANY','X509','SPECIFIED') | NO | | | |
| ssl_cipher | blob | NO | | NULL | |
| x509_issuer | blob | NO | | NULL | |
| x509_subject | blob | NO | | NULL | |
| max_questions | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |
| max_updates | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |
| max_connections | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |
| max_user_connections | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |
| plugin | char(64) | YES | | mysql_native_password | |
| authentication_string | text | YES | | NULL | |
| password_expired | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+
43 rows in set (0.01 sec)
二、用户权限管理主要有以下作用:
1. 可以限制用户访问哪些库、哪些表
2. 可以限制用户对哪些表执行SELECT、CREATE、DELETE、DELETE、ALTER等操作
3. 可以限制用户登录的IP或域名
4. 可以限制用户自己的权限是否可以授权给别的用户
(一)、用户授权
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'alex'@'%' identified by '123456' with grant option;
•all privileges:表示将所有权限授予给用户。也可指定具体的权限,如:SELECT、CREATE、DROP等。
•on:表示这些权限对哪些数据库和表生效,格式:数据库名.表名,这里写“*”表示所有数据库,所有表。如果我要指定将权限应用到test库的user表中,可以这么写:test.user
•to:将权限授予哪个用户。格式:”用户名”@”登录IP或域名”。%表示没有限制,在任何主机都可以登录。比如:”alex”@”192.168.0.%”,表示alex这个用户只能在192.168.0IP段登录
•identified by:指定用户的登录密码
•with grant option:表示允许用户将自己的权限授权给其它用户
可以使用GRANT给用户添加权限,权限会自动叠加,不会覆盖之前授予的权限,比如你先给用户添加一个SELECT权限,后来又给用户添加了一个INSERT权限,那么该用户就同时拥有了SELECT和INSERT权限。
(二)、刷新权限
对用户做了权限变更之后,一定记得重新加载一下权限,将权限信息从内存中写入数据库。
mysql> flush privileges;
(三)、查看用户权限(同前文所叙)
(四)、回收权限
删除alex这个用户的create权限,该用户将不能创建数据库和表。
mysql> revoke create on *.* from 'alex@localhost';
mysql> flush privileges;
(五)、删除用户
mysql> select host,user from user;
+---------------+---------+
| host | user |
+---------------+---------+
| % | root |
| % | test3 |
| % | yx |
| 192.168.0.% | root |
| 192.168.0.% | test2 |
| 192.168.0.109 | test |
| ::1 | alex |
| localhost | alex |
+---------------+---------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> drop user 'alex'@'localhost';
(六)、用户重命名
shell> rename user 'test3'@'%' to 'test1'@'%';
(七)、修改密码
1> 更新mysql.user表
mysql> use mysql;
# mysql5.7之前
mysql> update user set password=password('123456') where user='root';
# mysql5.7之后
mysql> update user set authentication_string=password('123456') where user='root';
mysql> flush privileges;
2> 用set password命令
语法:set password for ‘用户名'@'登录地址'=password(‘密码')
mysql> set password for 'root'@'localhost'=password('123456');
3> mysqladmin
语法:mysqladmin -u用户名 -p旧的密码 password 新密码
mysql> mysqladmin -uroot -p123456 password 1234abcd
注意:mysqladmin位于mysql安装目录的bin目录下
(八)、忘记密码
1> 添加登录跳过权限检查配置
修改my.cnf,在mysqld配置节点添加skip-grant-tables配置
[mysqld]
skip-grant-tables
2> 重新启动mysql服务
shell> service mysqld restart
3> 修改密码
此时在终端用mysql命令登录时不需要用户密码,然后按照修改密码的第一种方式将密码修改即可。
4> 还原登录权限跳过检查配置
将my.cnf中mysqld节点的skip-grant-tables配置删除,然后重新启动服务即可。
注:段一参考自:http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-21505614-id-302263.html
段二参考自:http://www.jb51.net/article/87979.htm