synchronized,同步锁,可修饰在对象、方法、代码区,多线程环境下提供同步锁机制,同步的概念就是共享,主要用来对共享资源进行加锁,如果不是共享的资源就没必要加同步锁。
对象级别锁示例:
package com.lzf.thread;
public class MultiThread {
private int num;
private synchronized void printNum(String str) throws Throwable
{
if(str.equals("one"))
{
num =100;
System.out.println("num="+num);
Thread.sleep(1000);
}else{
num = 200;
System.out.println("num="+num);
}
System.out.println("当前线程是"+Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
final MultiThread m1 = new MultiThread();
final MultiThread m2 = new MultiThread();
Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try {
m1.printNum("one");
} catch (Throwable e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
},"one");
Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try {
m2.printNum("two");
} catch (Throwable e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
},"two");
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
}
执行结果如下:
num=200
num=100
当前线程是two
当前线程是one
说明:对象级别的锁是锁定在对象上的一把锁,所有线程在访问该对象时,必须通过竞争来获取执行权,对象与对象之间隔离,没有任何关系。
类级别的锁示例:
package com.lzf.thread;
public class MultiThread {
private static int num;
private static synchronized void printNum(String str) throws Throwable
{
if(str.equals("one"))
{
num =100;
System.out.println("num="+num);
Thread.sleep(1000);
}else{
num = 200;
System.out.println("num="+num);
}
System.out.println("当前线程是"+Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
final MultiThread m1 = new MultiThread();
final MultiThread m2 = new MultiThread();
Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try {
m1.printNum("one");
} catch (Throwable e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
},"one");
Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try {
m2.printNum("two");
} catch (Throwable e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
},"two");
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
}
执行结果如下:
num=100
当前线程是one
num=200
当前线程是two
说明:给静态方法加上锁就属于类级别加锁,就相当于锁定(XXX.class),处于独占状态,其他线程就处于等待状态,通过竞争去获取执行权。