libx264
libx264是一个自由的H.264编码库,是x264项目的一部分,使用广泛,ffmpeg的H.264实现就是用的libx264。
代码
要把一个I420视频文件编码为H264格式。I420是YUV中planar格式的一种,一张I420图片中有三个plane,分别存放整张图片的Y、U、V分量;采样比例为4:2:0,12bpp,Y:U:V的分量长度是4:1:1。
头文件
1 #include <stdint.h>
2 #include <stdlib.h>
3 #include <stdio.h>
4 #include <fcntl.h>
5 #include <unistd.h>
6 #include <x264.h>
变量声明和参数
int width = 480;
int height = 360;
int fps = 25;
size_t yuv_size = width * height * 3 / 2;
x264_t *encoder;
x264_picture_t pic_in, pic_out;
int inf, outf;
uint8_t *yuv_buffer;
if (argc != 3) {
printf("usage: %s input output\n", argv[0]);
}
- 视频尺寸是480×360,YUV I420格式,每个像素1.5个字节,所以一张YUV图片大小是width * height * 1.5
-
encoder就是编码器,x264_t格式在x264.h文件中只有
typedef struct x264_t x264_t
编码器类型只需要也只能声明为x264_t的指针类型
- 每次编码时,YUV图片的信息都保存在pic_in中
- 输入输出的文件描述符
- 从文件读入的YUV的缓冲区
初始化encoder
x264_param_t param;
x264_param_default_preset(¶m, "veryfast", "zerolatency");
param.i_threads = 1;
param.i_width = width;
param.i_height = height;
param.i_fps_num = fps;
param.i_fps_den = 1;
param.i_keyint_max = 25;
param.b_intra_refresh = 1;
param.b_annexb = 1;
x264_param_apply_profile(¶m, "baseline");
encoder = x264_encoder_open(¶m);
初始化pic_in
x264_picture_alloc(&pic_in, X264_CSP_I420, width, height);
yuv_buffer = malloc(yuv_size);
pic_in.img.plane[0] = yuv_buffer;
pic_in.img.plane[1] = pic_in.img.plane[0] + width * height;
pic_in.img.plane[2] = pic_in.img.plane[1] + width * height / 4;
-
pic_in.img中保存YUV图片各分量的信息
typedef struct { int i_csp; int i_plane; int i_stride[4]; uint8_t *plane[4]; } x264_image_t;
其中icsp, iplane, istride的值在picin初始化的时候已经被赋值,代码中只需要将plane数组指向正确的位置
- 程序中每一帧的图片都是读取到yuv_buffer中,所以在这里设置一次就行了
初始化文件描述符
inf = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY);
if (inf < 0) {
return -1;
}
outf = open(argv[2], O_CREAT | O_WRONLY, 444);
if (outf < 0) {
return -1;
}
编码
int64_t i_pts = 0;
x264_nal_t *nals;
int nnal;
while (read(inf, yuv_buffer, yuv_size) > 0) {
pic_in.i_pts = i_pts++;
x264_encoder_encode(encoder, &nals, &nnal, &pic_in, &pic_out);
x264_nal_t *nal;
for (nal = nals; nal < nals + nnal; nal++) {
write(outf, nal->p_payload, nal->i_payload);
}
}
- 关于ffmpeg的pts,网上有好多种公式,其实只要步长为1递增就行了
- H.264的NAL层是为了适应网络传输的需要,将大的编码后的帧分成多个块
- p_payload就是编码后的H.264的帧数据,写入输出文件
1 x264_encoder_close(encoder);
2 close(inf);
3 close(outf);
4 free(yuv_buffer);
5 return 0;