JS面向对象程序设计--创建对象的常见方法

方式一：工厂模式

function createPerson(name, age, job){
    var person = new Object();
    person.name = name;
    person.age = age;
    person.job = job;
    person.sayName = function(){
        alert(this.name);
    }
    return person;
}
var xiaoMing = createPerson('小明',12, '学生');

存在缺点：无法知道xiaoMing的类型。

改进：构造函数模式

方式二：构造函数

function Person(name, age, job){
    this.name = name;
    this.age = age;
    this.job = job;
    this.sayName = function(){
        alert(this.name);
    }
}
var xiaoMing = new Person('小明',12, '学生');
var xiaoXin = new Person('小心', 13, '老师');
alert(xiaoMing.sayName==xiaoXin.sayName); // false

类型概念：

xiaoMing instanceof Person; // true

xiaoXin instanceof Person; //true

xiaoMing.constructor == Person;//true

缺点：没法设置共有成员，如sayName方法

改进：结合构造函数与原型模式

方式三：结合构造函数与原型模式

function Person(name, age, job){
    this.name = name;
    this.age = age;
    this.job = job;
    
}
Person.prototype.sayName = function(){
    alert(this.name);
}
var xiaoMing = new Person('小明',12, '学生');
var xiaoXin = new Person('小心', 13, '老师');
alert(xiaoMing.sayName==xiaoXin.sayName); // true

优点：原型模式具备类似Java中的静态成员变量、静态方法；