从Spring3.0,@Configuration用于定义配置类,可替换xml配置文件,被注解的类内部包含有一个或多个被@Bean注解的方法,这些方法将会被AnnotationConfigApplicationContext或AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext类进行扫描,并用于构建bean定义,初始化Spring容器。
注意 :@Configuration注解的配置类有如下要求:
@Configuration不可以是final类型; @Configuration不可以是匿名类; 嵌套的configuration必须是静态类。
一、用@Configuration加载spring 1.1、@Configuration配置spring并启动spring容器 1.2、@Configuration启动容器+@Bean注册Bean 1.3、@Configuration启动容器+@Component注册Bean 1.4、使用 AnnotationConfigApplicationContext 注册 AppContext 类的两种方法 1.5、配置Web应用程序(web.xml中配置AnnotationConfigApplicationContext)
二、组合多个配置类 2.1、在@configuration中引入spring的xml配置文件 2.2、在@configuration中引入其它注解配置 2.3、@configuration嵌套(嵌套的Configuration必须是静态类) 三、@EnableXXX注解 四、@Profile逻辑组配置 五、使用外部变量
一、@Configuation加载Spring方法
1.1、@Configuration配置spring并启动spring容器
@Configuration标注在类上,相当于把该类作为spring的xml配置文件中的<beans>
,作用为:配置spring容器(应用上下文)
package com.dxz.demo.configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration public class TestConfiguration { public TestConfiguration() { System.out.println(“TestConfiguration容器启动初始化。。。”); } }
相当于:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"
xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task" xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-4.0.xsd" default-lazy-init="false">
</beans>
主方法进行测试:
package com.dxz.demo.configuration;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
public class TestMain { public static void main(String[] args) {
</span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> @Configuration注解的spring容器加载方式,用AnnotationConfigApplicationContext替换ClassPathXmlApplicationContext</span>
ApplicationContext context = <span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span> AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(TestConfiguration.<span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span><span style="color: #000000;">);
</span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 如果加载spring-context.xml文件:
</span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> ApplicationContext context = new
</span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-context.xml");</span>
} }
从运行主方法结果可以看出,spring容器已经启动了:
1.2、@Configuration启动容器+@Bean注册Bean,@Bean下管理bean的生命周期
@Bean标注在方法上(返回某个实例的方法),等价于spring的xml配置文件中的<bean>
,作用为:注册bean对象
bean类:
package com.dxz.demo.configuration;
public class TestBean {
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">private</span><span style="color: #000000;"> String username;
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">private</span><span style="color: #000000;"> String url;
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">private</span><span style="color: #000000;"> String password;
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span><span style="color: #000000;"> sayHello() {
System.out.println(</span>"TestBean sayHello..."<span style="color: #000000;">);
}
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span><span style="color: #000000;"> String toString() {
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> "username:" + <span style="color: #0000ff;">this</span>.username + ",url:" + <span style="color: #0000ff;">this</span>.url + ",password:" + <span style="color: #0000ff;">this</span><span style="color: #000000;">.password;
}
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span><span style="color: #000000;"> start() {
System.out.println(</span>"TestBean 初始化。。。"<span style="color: #000000;">);
}
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span><span style="color: #000000;"> cleanUp() {
System.out.println(</span>"TestBean 销毁。。。"<span style="color: #000000;">);
}
}
配置类:
package com.dxz.demo.configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
@Configuration public class TestConfiguration { public TestConfiguration() { System.out.println(“TestConfiguration容器启动初始化。。。”); }
</span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> @Bean注解注册bean,同时可以指定初始化和销毁方法
</span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> @Bean(name="testBean",initMethod="start",destroyMethod="cleanUp")</span>
@Bean @Scope(“prototype”) public TestBean testBean() { return new TestBean(); } }
主方法测试类:
package com.dxz.demo.configuration;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
public class TestMain { public static void main(String[] args) {
</span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> @Configuration注解的spring容器加载方式,用AnnotationConfigApplicationContext替换ClassPathXmlApplicationContext</span>
ApplicationContext context = <span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span> AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(TestConfiguration.<span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span><span style="color: #000000;">);
</span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 如果加载spring-context.xml文件:
</span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> ApplicationContext context = new
</span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-context.xml");
</span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">获取bean</span>
TestBean tb = (TestBean) context.getBean("testBean"<span style="color: #000000;">);
tb.sayHello();
}
}
结果:
注: (1)、@Bean注解在返回实例的方法上,如果未通过@Bean指定bean的名称,则默认与标注的方法名相同; (2)、@Bean注解默认作用域为单例singleton作用域,可通过@Scope(“prototype”)设置为原型作用域; (3)、既然@Bean的作用是注册bean对象,那么完全可以使用@Component、@Controller、@Service、@Ripository等注解注册bean,当然需要配置@ComponentScan注解进行自动扫描。
@Bean下管理bean的生命周期
可以使用基于 Java 的配置来管理 bean 的生命周期。@Bean
支持两种属性,即 initMethod
和destroyMethod
,这些属性可用于定义生命周期方法。在实例化 bean 或即将销毁它时,容器便可调用生命周期方法。生命周期方法也称为回调方法,因为它将由容器调用。使用 @Bean
注释注册的 bean 也支持 JSR-250 规定的标准 @PostConstruct
和 @PreDestroy
注释。如果您正在使用 XML 方法来定义 bean,那么就应该使用 bean 元素来定义生命周期回调方法。以下代码显示了在 XML 配置中通常使用 bean 元素定义回调的方法。
@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.dxz.demo.configuration")
public class TestConfiguration {
public TestConfiguration() {
System.out.println("TestConfiguration容器启动初始化。。。");
}
</span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">@Bean注解注册bean,同时可以指定初始化和销毁方法</span>
<span style="background-color: #ff6600; color: #ffffff;">@Bean(name="testBean",initMethod="start",destroyMethod="cleanUp")
@Scope("prototype")
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span><span style="color: #000000;"> TestBean testBean() {
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span><span style="color: #000000;"> TestBean();
}
}
启动类:
public class TestMain {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context </span>= <span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span> AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(TestConfiguration.<span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span><span style="color: #000000;">);
TestBean tb </span>= (TestBean) context.getBean("testBean"<span style="color: #000000;">);
tb.sayHello();
System.out.println(tb);
TestBean tb2 </span>= (TestBean) context.getBean("testBean"<span style="color: #000000;">);
tb2.sayHello();
System.out.println(tb2);
}
}
结果:
分析:
结果中的1:表明initMethod生效
结果中的2:表明@Scope("prototype")生效
1.3、@Configuration启动容器+@Component注册Bean
bean类:
package com.dxz.demo.configuration;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
//添加注册bean的注解 @Component public class TestBean {
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">private</span><span style="color: #000000;"> String username;
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">private</span><span style="color: #000000;"> String url;
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">private</span><span style="color: #000000;"> String password;
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span><span style="color: #000000;"> sayHello() {
System.out.println(</span>"TestBean sayHello..."<span style="color: #000000;">);
}
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span><span style="color: #000000;"> String toString() {
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> "username:" + <span style="color: #0000ff;">this</span>.username + ",url:" + <span style="color: #0000ff;">this</span>.url + ",password:" + <span style="color: #0000ff;">this</span><span style="color: #000000;">.password;
}
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span><span style="color: #000000;"> start() {
System.out.println(</span>"TestBean 初始化。。。"<span style="color: #000000;">);
}
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span><span style="color: #000000;"> cleanUp() {
System.out.println(</span>"TestBean 销毁。。。"<span style="color: #000000;">);
}
}
配置类:
package com.dxz.demo.configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
@Configuration //添加自动扫描注解,basePackages为TestBean包路径 @ComponentScan(basePackages = “com.dxz.demo.configuration”) public class TestConfiguration { public TestConfiguration() { System.out.println(“TestConfiguration容器启动初始化。。。”); }
</span><span style="color: #008000;">/*</span><span style="color: #008000;">// @Bean注解注册bean,同时可以指定初始化和销毁方法
// @Bean(name="testNean",initMethod="start",destroyMethod="cleanUp")
@Bean
@Scope("prototype")
public TestBean testBean() {
return new TestBean();
}</span><span style="color: #008000;">*/</span><span style="color: #000000;">
}
主方法测试获取bean对象:
package com.dxz.demo.configuration;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
public class TestMain { public static void main(String[] args) {
</span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> @Configuration注解的spring容器加载方式,用AnnotationConfigApplicationContext替换ClassPathXmlApplicationContext</span>
ApplicationContext context = <span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span> AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(TestConfiguration.<span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span><span style="color: #000000;">);
</span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 如果加载spring-context.xml文件:
</span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> ApplicationContext context = new
</span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-context.xml");
</span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">获取bean</span>
TestBean tb = (TestBean) context.getBean("testBean"<span style="color: #000000;">);
tb.sayHello();
}
}
sayHello()方法都被正常调用。
1.4、使用 AnnotationConfigApplicationContext 注册 AppContext 类的两种方法
1.4.1、 配置类的注册方式是将其传递给 AnnotationConfigApplicationContext
构造函数
public static void main(String[] args) {
</span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> @Configuration注解的spring容器加载方式,用AnnotationConfigApplicationContext替换ClassPathXmlApplicationContext</span>
<span style="background-color: #ff6600; color: #ffffff;">ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(TestConfiguration.class);
//获取bean TestBean tb = (TestBean) context.getBean(“testBean”); tb.sayHello(); }
1.4.2、 AnnotationConfigApplicationContext
的register
方法传入配置类来注册配置类
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
ctx.register(AppContext.class)
}
1.5、配置Web应用程序(web.xml中配置AnnotationConfigApplicationContext)
过去,您通常要利用 XmlWebApplicationContext 上下文来配置 Spring Web 应用程序,即在 Web 部署描述符文件 web.xml 中指定外部 XML 上下文文件的路径。XMLWebApplicationContext 是 Web 应用程序使用的默认上下文类。以下代码描述了 web.xml 中指向将由 ContextLoaderListener 监听器类载入的外部 XML 上下文文件的元素。
<web-app>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>
org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
</listener-class>
</listener>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>sampleServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>
org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
</servlet-class>
</servlet>
… </web-app>
现在,您要将 web.xml 中的上述代码更改为使用 AnnotationConfigApplicationContext 类。切记,XmlWebApplicationContext 是 Spring 为 Web 应用程序使用的默认上下文实现,因此您永远不必在您的web.xml 文件中显式指定这个上下文类。现在,您将使用基于 Java 的配置,因此在配置 Web 应用程序时,需要在web.xml 文件中指定 AnnotationConfigApplicationContext 类。上述代码将修改如下:
<web-app>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextClass</param-name>
<param-value>
org.springframework.web.context.
support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext
</param-value>
</context-param>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>
demo.AppContext
</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>
org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
</listener-class>
</listener>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>sampleServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>
org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextClass</param-name>
<param-value>
org.springframework.web.context.
support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext
</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
… </web-app>
以上修改后的 web.xml
现在定义了 AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext
上下文类,并将其作为上下文参数和 servlet 元素的一部分。上下文配置位置现在指向 AppContext
配置类。这非常简单。下一节将演示 bean 的生命周期回调和范围的实现。
1.6、@Configuation总结
@Configuation等价于<Beans></Beans>
@Bean等价于<Bean></Bean>
@ComponentScan等价于<context:component-scan base-package="com.dxz.demo"/>
二、组合多个配置类
2.1、在@configuration中引入spring的xml配置文件
package com.dxz.demo.configuration2;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ImportResource;
@Configuration @ImportResource(“classpath:applicationContext-configuration.xml”) public class WebConfig { }
bean类:
package com.dxz.demo.configuration2;
public class TestBean2 { private String username; private String url; private String password;
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span><span style="color: #000000;"> sayHello() {
System.out.println(</span>"TestBean2 sayHello..."<span style="color: #000000;">);
}
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span><span style="color: #000000;"> String toString() {
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> "TestBean2 username:" + <span style="color: #0000ff;">this</span>.username + ",url:" + <span style="color: #0000ff;">this</span>.url + ",password:" + <span style="color: #0000ff;">this</span><span style="color: #000000;">.password;
}
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span><span style="color: #000000;"> start() {
System.out.println(</span>"TestBean2 初始化。。。"<span style="color: #000000;">);
}
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span><span style="color: #000000;"> cleanUp() {
System.out.println(</span>"TestBean2 销毁。。。"<span style="color: #000000;">);
}
}
测试类:
package com.dxz.demo.configuration2;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
public class TestMain2 { public static void main(String[] args) {
</span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> @Configuration注解的spring容器加载方式,用AnnotationConfigApplicationContext替换ClassPathXmlApplicationContext</span>
ApplicationContext context = <span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span> AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(WebConfig.<span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span><span style="color: #000000;">);
</span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 如果加载spring-context.xml文件:
</span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> ApplicationContext context = new
</span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-context.xml");
</span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 获取bean</span>
TestBean2 tb = (TestBean2) context.getBean("testBean2"<span style="color: #000000;">);
tb.sayHello();
}
}
结果:
2.2、在@configuration中引入其它注解配置
package com.dxz.demo.configuration2;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ImportResource;
import com.dxz.demo.configuration.TestConfiguration;
@Configuration @ImportResource(“classpath:applicationContext-configuration.xml”) @Import(TestConfiguration.class) public class WebConfig { }
测试类:
package com.dxz.demo.configuration2;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
import com.dxz.demo.configuration.TestBean;
public class TestMain2 { public static void main(String[] args) {
</span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> @Configuration注解的spring容器加载方式,用AnnotationConfigApplicationContext替换ClassPathXmlApplicationContext</span>
ApplicationContext context = <span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span> AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(WebConfig.<span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span><span style="color: #000000;">);
</span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 如果加载spring-context.xml文件:
</span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> ApplicationContext context = new
</span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-context.xml");
</span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 获取bean</span>
TestBean2 tb2 = (TestBean2) context.getBean("testBean2"<span style="color: #000000;">);
tb2.sayHello();
<span style="color: #ff0000;">TestBean tb </span></span><span style="color: #ff0000;">= (TestBean) context.getBean("testBean"</span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #ff0000;">);
tb.sayHello();</span>
}
}
结果:
2.3、@configuration嵌套(嵌套的Configuration必须是静态类)
通过配置类嵌套的配置类,达到组合多个配置类的目的。但注意内部类必须是静态类。
上代码:
package com.dxz.demo.configuration3;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component public class TestBean {
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">private</span><span style="color: #000000;"> String username;
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">private</span><span style="color: #000000;"> String url;
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">private</span><span style="color: #000000;"> String password;
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span><span style="color: #000000;"> sayHello() {
System.out.println(</span>"TestBean sayHello..."<span style="color: #000000;">);
}
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span><span style="color: #000000;"> String toString() {
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> "username:" + <span style="color: #0000ff;">this</span>.username + ",url:" + <span style="color: #0000ff;">this</span>.url + ",password:" + <span style="color: #0000ff;">this</span><span style="color: #000000;">.password;
}
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span><span style="color: #000000;"> start() {
System.out.println(</span>"TestBean start"<span style="color: #000000;">);
}
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span><span style="color: #000000;"> cleanUp() {
System.out.println(</span>"TestBean destory"<span style="color: #000000;">);
}
}
package com.dxz.demo.configuration3;
public class DataSource {
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">private</span><span style="color: #000000;"> String dbUser;
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">private</span><span style="color: #000000;"> String dbPass;
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span><span style="color: #000000;"> String getDbUser() {
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span><span style="color: #000000;"> dbUser;
}
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span><span style="color: #000000;"> setDbUser(String dbUser) {
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">this</span>.dbUser =<span style="color: #000000;"> dbUser;
}
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span><span style="color: #000000;"> String getDbPass() {
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span><span style="color: #000000;"> dbPass;
}
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span><span style="color: #000000;"> setDbPass(String dbPass) {
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">this</span>.dbPass =<span style="color: #000000;"> dbPass;
}
@Override
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span><span style="color: #000000;"> String toString() {
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> "DataSource [dbUser=" + dbUser + ", dbPass=" + dbPass + "]"<span style="color: #000000;">;
}
}
配置类:
package com.dxz.demo.configuration3;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration @ComponentScan(basePackages = “com.dxz.demo.configuration3”) public class TestConfiguration { public TestConfiguration() { System.out.println(“TestConfiguration容器启动初始化。。。”); }
@Configuration static class DatabaseConfig { @Bean DataSource dataSource() { return new DataSource(); } } }
启动类:
package com.dxz.demo.configuration3;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
public class TestMain { public static void main(String[] args) {
</span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> @Configuration注解的spring容器加载方式,用AnnotationConfigApplicationContext替换ClassPathXmlApplicationContexts</span>
ApplicationContext context = <span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span> AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(TestConfiguration.<span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span><span style="color: #000000;">);
</span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">bean</span>
TestBean tb = (TestBean) context.getBean("testBean"<span style="color: #000000;">);
tb.sayHello();
DataSource ds </span>= (DataSource) context.getBean("dataSource"<span style="color: #000000;">);
System.out.println(ds);
}
}
结果:
TestConfiguration容器启动初始化。。。
TestBean sayHello...
DataSource [dbUser=null, dbPass=null]
3、@EnableXXX注解
配合@Configuration使用,包括 @EnableAsync, @EnableScheduling, @EnableTransactionManagement, @EnableAspectJAutoProxy, @EnableWebMvc。
@EnableAspectJAutoProxy---《spring AOP 之:@Aspect注解 》
@EnableScheduling--《Spring 3.1新特性之二:@Enable*注解的源码,spring源码分析之定时任务Scheduled注解 》
4、@Profile逻辑组配置
见《Spring的@PropertySource + Environment,@PropertySource(PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer)+@Value配合使用 》
5、使用外部变量
1、@PropertySource + Environment,通过@PropertySource注解将properties配置文件中的值存储到Spring的 Environment中,Environment接口提供方法去读取配置文件中的值,参数是properties文件中定义的key值。 2、@PropertySource(PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer)+@Value
见《Spring的@PropertySource + Environment,@PropertySource(PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer)+@Value配合使用 》