Java Calendar 日历类的时间操作,这也许是 Java 环境下创建和管理日历及操作时间最简单的一个方案了,示范代码也很简单。
演示了获取时间,日期时间的累加和累减,以及日期时间的比较。
原文地址:blog.csdn.net/joyous/article/details/9630893
注意事项:
Calendar 的 month 从 0 开始,也就是全年 12 个月由 0 ~ 11 进行表示。
而 Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK 定义值如下,每周从 SUNDAY 开始,从 1 ~ 7:
Calendar.SUNDAY = 1
Calendar.MONDAY = 2
Calendar.TUESDAY = 3
Calendar.WEDNESDAY = 4
Calendar.THURSDAY = 5
Calendar.FRIDAY = 6
Calendar.SATURDAY = 7
SimpleDateFormat 的格式定义
Letter | Date or Time Component | Presentation | Examples |
---|---|---|---|
G | Era designator | Text | AD |
y | Year | Year | 1996 ; 96 |
Y | Week year | Year | 2009 ; 09 |
M | Month in year (context sensitive) | Month | July ; Jul ; 07 |
L | Month in year (standalone form) | Month | July ; Jul ; 07 |
w | Week in year | Number | 27 |
W | Week in month | Number | 2 |
D | Day in year | Number | 189 |
d | Day in month | Number | 10 |
F | Day of week in month | Number | 2 |
E | Day name in week | Text | Tuesday ; Tue |
u | Day number of week (1 = Monday, ..., 7 = Sunday) | Number | 1 |
a | Am/pm marker | Text | PM |
H | Hour in day (0-23) | Number | 0 |
k | Hour in day (1-24) | Number | 24 |
K | Hour in am/pm (0-11) | Number | 0 |
h | Hour in am/pm (1-12) | Number | 12 |
m | Minute in hour | Number | 30 |
s | Second in minute | Number | 55 |
S | Millisecond | Number | 978 |
z | Time zone | General time zone | Pacific Standard Time ; PST ; GMT-08:00 |
Z | Time zone | RFC 822 time zone | -0800 |
X | Time zone | ISO 8601 time zone | -08 ; -0800 ; -08:00 |
Java Calendar 演示代码如下:
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package demo;
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import java.util.Date;
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import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
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import java.text.DateFormat;
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import java.text.ParseException;
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import java.util.Calendar;
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public
class Test
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{
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public Test()
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{
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}
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public static void main(String[] args)
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{
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// 字符串转换日期格式
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// DateFormat fmtDateTime = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
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// 接收传入参数
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// String strDate = args[1];
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// 得到日期格式对象
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// Date date = fmtDateTime.parse(strDate);
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// 完整显示今天日期时间
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String str = (
new SimpleDateFormat(
"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss:SSS")).format(
new Date());
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System.out.println(str);
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// 创建 Calendar 对象
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Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
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try
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{
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// 对 calendar 设置时间的方法
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// 设置传入的时间格式
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SimpleDateFormat dateFormat =
new SimpleDateFormat(
"yyyy-M-d H:m:s");
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// 指定一个日期
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Date date = dateFormat.parse(
"2013-6-1 13:24:16");
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// 对 calendar 设置为 date 所定的日期
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calendar.setTime(date);
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// 按特定格式显示刚设置的时间
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str = (
new SimpleDateFormat(
"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss:SSS")).format(calendar.getTime());
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System.out.println(str);
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}
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catch (ParseException e)
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{
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e.printStackTrace();
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}
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// 或者另一種設置 calendar 方式
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// 分別爲 year, month, date, hourOfDay, minute, second
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calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
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calendar.set(
2013,
1,
2,
17,
35,
44);
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str = (
new SimpleDateFormat(
"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss:SSS")).format(calendar.getTime());
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System.out.println(str);
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// Calendar 取得当前时间的方法
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// 初始化 (重置) Calendar 对象
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calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
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// 或者用 Date 来初始化 Calendar 对象
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calendar.setTime(
new Date());
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// setTime 类似上面一行
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// Date date = new Date();
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// calendar.setTime(date);
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str = (
new SimpleDateFormat(
"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss:SSS")).format(calendar.getTime());
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System.out.println(str);
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// 显示年份
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int year = calendar.get(Calendar.YEAR);
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System.out.println(
"year is = " + String.valueOf(year));
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// 显示月份 (从0开始, 实际显示要加一)
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int month = calendar.get(Calendar.MONTH);
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System.out.println(
"nth is = " + (month +
1));
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// 本周几
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int week = calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK);
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System.out.println(
"week is = " + week);
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// 今年的第 N 天
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int DAY_OF_YEAR = calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR);
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System.out.println(
"DAY_OF_YEAR is = " + DAY_OF_YEAR);
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// 本月第 N 天
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int DAY_OF_MONTH = calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH);
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System.out.println(
"DAY_OF_MONTH = " + String.valueOf(DAY_OF_MONTH));
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// 3小时以后
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calendar.add(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY,
3);
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int HOUR_OF_DAY = calendar.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY);
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System.out.println(
"HOUR_OF_DAY + 3 = " + HOUR_OF_DAY);
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// 当前分钟数
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int MINUTE = calendar.get(Calendar.MINUTE);
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System.out.println(
"MINUTE = " + MINUTE);
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// 15 分钟以后
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calendar.add(Calendar.MINUTE,
15);
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MINUTE = calendar.get(Calendar.MINUTE);
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System.out.println(
"MINUTE + 15 = " + MINUTE);
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// 30分钟前
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calendar.add(Calendar.MINUTE, -
30);
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MINUTE = calendar.get(Calendar.MINUTE);
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System.out.println(
"MINUTE - 30 = " + MINUTE);
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// 格式化显示
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str = (
new SimpleDateFormat(
"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss:SS")).format(calendar.getTime());
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System.out.println(str);
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// 重置 Calendar 显示当前时间
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calendar.setTime(
new Date());
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str = (
new SimpleDateFormat(
"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss:SS")).format(calendar.getTime());
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System.out.println(str);
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// 创建一个 Calendar 用于比较时间
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Calendar calendarNew = Calendar.getInstance();
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// 设定为 5 小时以前,后者大,显示 -1
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calendarNew.add(Calendar.HOUR, -
5);
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System.out.println(
"时间比较:" + calendarNew.compareTo(calendar));
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// 设定7小时以后,前者大,显示 1
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calendarNew.add(Calendar.HOUR, +
7);
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System.out.println(
"时间比较:" + calendarNew.compareTo(calendar));
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// 退回 2 小时,时间相同,显示 0
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calendarNew.add(Calendar.HOUR, -
2);
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System.out.println(
"时间比较:" + calendarNew.compareTo(calendar));
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}
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}
运行结果
2013-06-07 23:27:34:195
2013-06-01 13:24:16:000
2013-02-02 17:35:44:197
2013-06-07 23:27:34:197
year is = 2013
nth is = 6
week is = 6
DAY_OF_YEAR is = 158
DAY_OF_MONTH = 7
HOUR_OF_DAY + 3 = 2
MINUTE = 27
MINUTE + 15 = 42
MINUTE - 30 = 12
2013-06-08 02:12:34:197
2013-06-07 23:27:34:199
时间比较:-1
时间比较:1
时间比较:0
要计算时间差,可用 Calendar.getTimeInMillis() 取得两个时间的微秒级的时间差,再加以换算即可,比如获得相差天数,代码如下:
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// 得微秒级时间差
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long val = calendarEnd.getTimeInMillis() - calendarBegin.getTimeInMillis();
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// 换算后得到天数
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long day = val / (
1000 *
60 *
60 *
24);
其他与 date 相关的类型转换代码如下。
Timestamp 类型转换为 Date 类型:
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Timestamp stamp =
new Timestamp(System.currentTimeMillis());
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Date date =
new Date(stamp.getTime());
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System.out.println(date);
Timestamp 类型转换为 Calendar 类型:
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// 获取 Timestamp 类型时间
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Timestamp timestamp =
new Timestamp(System.currentTimeMillis());
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// 转换为 Calendar 类型,SUN 也推荐用 Calendar 处理时间信息
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Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
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calendar.setTimeInMillis(timestamp.getTime());
Date 类型转换为 Calendar 类型:
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// Date 向 Calendar 赋值
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calendar.setTime(date);
Calendar 类型转换为 Timestamp 类型:
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// 创建 Calendar 对象,也同时获取了当前时间
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Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
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// 转换为 Timestamp 类型对象
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Timestamp timestamp =
new Timestamp(calendar.getTimeInMillis());
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System.out.println(timestamp);
Calendar 类型转换为 Date 类型:
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// Calendar 对象类型转换为 Date 对象类型
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Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
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java.util.Date date = calendar.getTime();
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System.out.println(date);
StringDate 转换为 Date 或者 Timestamp
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/* 将字符串日期或者日期时间转换为 timestamp 格式 */
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try
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{
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// 一个字符串日期
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String strDate =
"2020-01-31";
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// 设置传入格式
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// yyyy-MM-dd 或者完整的 yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss
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DateFormat dateFormat =
new SimpleDateFormat(
"yyyy-MM-dd");
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Date date = dateFormat.parse(strDate);
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// 创建 Calendar 用于处理 date 对象
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Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
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calendar.setTime(date);
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// 由 calendar 对象生成 timestamp
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Timestamp timestamp =
new Timestamp(calendar.getTimeInMillis());
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System.out.printf(timestamp);
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}
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catch (Exception e)
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{
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e.printStackTrace();
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}
原文地址:blog.csdn.net/joyous/article/details/9630893
http://blog.csdn.net/joyous/article/details/9630893
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