1.4 python入门之测试

测试

• 使用python模块的unittest中工具来测试
• 函数使用方式全覆盖很难，刚开始只需要针对重要行为测试
• 创建继承unittest.TestCase的类来进行测试
• if 字符串，若字符串为空（’’），则为false

实例

import unittest     #导入包

from name_function import get_formatted_name  #导入测试函数

class NamesTestCase(unittest.TestCase):   #继承测试类，且类的命名中最好含有test
    """Tests for 'name_function.py'."""
    
    def test_first_last_name(self):               #  test打头的方法都将自动运行，从而自动化测试
        """Do names like 'Janis Joplin' work?"""
        formatted_name = get_formatted_name('janis', 'joplin')
        self.assertEqual(formatted_name, 'Janis Joplin')

    def test_first_last_middle_name(self):
        """Do names like 'Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart' work?"""
        formatted_name = get_formatted_name(
            'wolfgang', 'mozart', 'amadeus')
        self.assertEqual(formatted_name, 'Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()    # 让python运行文件中的测试

断言方法

测试类（而不是方法）

被测试类

class AnonymousSurvey:
    """Collect anonymous answers to a survey question."""
    
    def __init__(self, question):
        """Store a question, and prepare to store responses."""
        self.question = question
        self.responses = []
        
    def show_question(self):
        """Show the survey question."""
        print(self.question)
        
    def store_response(self, new_response):
        """Store a single response to the survey."""
        self.responses.append(new_response)
        
    def show_results(self):
        """Show all the responses that have been given."""
        print("Survey results:")
        for response in self.responses:
            print(f"- {response}")

使用该类的程序

from survey import AnonymousSurvey

# Define a question, and make a survey.
question = "What language did you first learn to speak?"
my_survey = AnonymousSurvey(question)

# Show the question, and store responses to the question.
my_survey.show_question()
print("Enter 'q' at any time to quit.\n")
while True:
    response = input("Language: ")
    if response == 'q':
        break
    my_survey.store_response(response)

# Show the survey results.
print("\nThank you to everyone who participated in the survey!")
my_survey.show_results()

编写测试类

import unittest

from name_function import get_formatted_name

class NamesTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
    """Tests for 'name_function.py'."""
    
    def test_first_last_name(self):
        """Do names like 'Janis Joplin' work?"""
        formatted_name = get_formatted_name('janis', 'joplin')
        self.assertEqual(formatted_name, 'Janis Joplin')

    def test_first_last_middle_name(self):
        """Do names like 'Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart' work?"""
        formatted_name = get_formatted_name(
            'wolfgang', 'mozart', 'amadeus')
        self.assertEqual(formatted_name, 'Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

setUp()方法

• 该方法类似Java的beforeEach注解，每个测试方法都能使用

import unittest
from survey import AnonymousSurvey

class TestAnonymousSurvey(unittest.TestCase):
    """Tests for the class AnonymousSurvey"""
    
    def setUp(self):
        """
        Create a survey and a set of responses for use in all test methods.
        """
        question = "What language did you first learn to speak?"
        self.my_survey = AnonymousSurvey(question)
        self.responses = ['English', 'Spanish', 'Mandarin']

    def test_store_single_response(self):
        """Test that a single response is stored properly."""
        self.my_survey.store_response(self.responses[0])
        self.assertIn(self.responses[0], self.my_survey.responses)

    def test_store_three_responses(self):
        """Test that three individual responses are stored properly."""
        for response in self.responses:
            self.my_survey.store_response(response)
        for response in self.responses:
            self.assertIn(response, self.my_survey.responses)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

总结