objective-c 中数据类型之五 数值类（NSNumber及NSNumberFormatter）

// 聊聊NSNumber， NSNumber可以封装c中基本数据类型 char，int，long，float，BOOL，NSInteger，CGFloat等。
  NSNumber *num = [NSNumber numberWithChar:'a'];
  NSLog(@"%@", num); // 97
  
  num = [NSNumber numberWithInteger:97];
  num = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:97.0];
  num = [NSNumber numberWithBool:YES];
  
  // 不过直接用下面的方式封装会更方便
  num = @'a';
  num = @97;
  num = @97.0;
  num = @YES;
  
  // 既然NSNumber能封装BOOL，NSInteger，CGFloat等基础数据格式，那如何判断NSNumber是什么基础类型呢，接着看
  /*
   + (NSNumber *)numberWithChar:(char)value;
   + (NSNumber *)numberWithUnsignedChar:(unsigned char)value;
   + (NSNumber *)numberWithShort:(short)value;
   + (NSNumber *)numberWithUnsignedShort:(unsigned short)value;
   + (NSNumber *)numberWithInt:(int)value;
   + (NSNumber *)numberWithUnsignedInt:(unsigned int)value;
   + (NSNumber *)numberWithLong:(long)value;
   + (NSNumber *)numberWithUnsignedLong:(unsigned long)value;
   + (NSNumber *)numberWithLongLong:(long long)value;
   + (NSNumber *)numberWithUnsignedLongLong:(unsigned long long)value;
   + (NSNumber *)numberWithFloat:(float)value;
   + (NSNumber *)numberWithDouble:(double)value;
   + (NSNumber *)numberWithBool:(BOOL)value;
   + (NSNumber *)numberWithInteger:(NSInteger)value NS_AVAILABLE(10_5, 2_0);
   + (NSNumber *)numberWithUnsignedInteger:(NSUInteger)value NS_AVAILABLE(10_5, 2_0);
   */
  num = [NSNumber numberWithChar:'a'];
  NSLog(@"%@ %@", NSStringFromClass(num.class), @(num.objCType)); // __NSCFNumber c
  num = [NSNumber numberWithUnsignedChar:'a'];
  NSLog(@"%@ %@", NSStringFromClass(num.class), @(num.objCType)); // __NSCFNumber s
  num = [NSNumber numberWithShort:97];
  NSLog(@"%@ %@", NSStringFromClass(num.class), @(num.objCType)); // __NSCFNumber s
  num = [NSNumber numberWithUnsignedShort:97];
  NSLog(@"%@ %@", NSStringFromClass(num.class), @(num.objCType)); // __NSCFNumber i
  num = [NSNumber numberWithInt:97];
  NSLog(@"%@ %@", NSStringFromClass(num.class), @(num.objCType)); // __NSCFNumber i
  num = [NSNumber numberWithUnsignedInt:97];
  NSLog(@"%@ %@", NSStringFromClass(num.class), @(num.objCType)); // __NSCFNumber q
  num = [NSNumber numberWithLong:97];
  NSLog(@"%@ %@", NSStringFromClass(num.class), @(num.objCType)); // __NSCFNumber i
  num = [NSNumber numberWithUnsignedLong:97];
  NSLog(@"%@ %@", NSStringFromClass(num.class), @(num.objCType)); // __NSCFNumber q
  num = [NSNumber numberWithLongLong:97];
  NSLog(@"%@ %@", NSStringFromClass(num.class), @(num.objCType)); // __NSCFNumber q
  num = [NSNumber numberWithUnsignedLongLong:97];
  NSLog(@"%@ %@", NSStringFromClass(num.class), @(num.objCType)); // __NSCFNumber q
  num = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:1.2];
  NSLog(@"%@ %@", NSStringFromClass(num.class), @(num.objCType)); // __NSCFNumber f
  num = [NSNumber numberWithDouble:1.2];
  NSLog(@"%@ %@", NSStringFromClass(num.class), @(num.objCType)); // __NSCFNumber d
  num = [NSNumber numberWithBool:YES];
  NSLog(@"%@ %@", NSStringFromClass(num.class), @(num.objCType)); // __NSCFBoolean c
  num = [NSNumber numberWithInteger:97];
  NSLog(@"%@ %@", NSStringFromClass(num.class), @(num.objCType)); // __NSCFNumber i
  num = [NSNumber numberWithUnsignedInteger:YES];
  NSLog(@"%@ %@", NSStringFromClass(num.class), @(num.objCType)); // __NSCFNumber i
  
  // 这样就看出来了，判断整型int类，包括short, unsigned short, int, unsigned int, long, unsigned long, long long, unsigned long long，就这样判断
  NSArray *intTypeArray = @[@"s", @"i", @"q"];
  NSString *intType = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%s", num.objCType];
  if ([NSStringFromClass(num.class) isEqualToString:@"__NSCFNumber"] && [intTypeArray containsObject:intType]) {
    NSLog(@"%@是一个整数", num);
  }
  // 浮点型判断
  NSArray *floatTypeArray = @[@"f", @"d"];
  intType = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%s", num.objCType];
  if ([NSStringFromClass(num.class) isEqualToString:@"__NSCFNumber"] && [floatTypeArray containsObject:intType]) {
    NSLog(@"%@是一个浮点型", num);
  }
  // char判断
  NSArray *charTypeArray = @[@"c"];
  intType = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%s", num.objCType];
  if ([NSStringFromClass(num.class) isEqualToString:@"__NSCFNumber"] && [charTypeArray containsObject:intType]) {
    NSLog(@"%@是一个字符型", num);
  }
  // BOOL判断
  if ([NSStringFromClass(num.class) isEqualToString:@"__NSCFBoolean"]) {
    NSLog(@"%@是一个字符型", num);
  }
  if ([num isKindOfClass:NSClassFromString(@"__NSCFBoolean")]) {
    NSLog(@"num is BOOL type");
  } else {
    NSLog(@"num is not BOOL type");
  }

  // 下面聊NSNumberFormatter
  // 从学号谈起，一般学号的全格式是 入学年份（前两位）+大学(学院)代码+专业代码+班级+个人班级学号 05+01+02+1+01，给班级学生列成绩单，知道学生班级学号，生成学校学号，如5号，应该生成050102105，我们想到的方法是c中的格式化，例如：
  NSInteger classCode = 5;
  NSString *schoolStuCode = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"0501021%2.2d", classCode];
  NSLog(@"schoolStuCode = %@", schoolStuCode); // 050102105
  
  // 另一种方法是NSNumberFormatter转换，上代码
  // 数据格式转换类
  NSNumberFormatter *numberFormatter = [[NSNumberFormatter alloc] init];
  
  numberFormatter.numberStyle = kCFNumberFormatterNoStyle;
  numberFormatter.formatWidth = 2;	// 数据宽度为2，不足前面补0
  numberFormatter.paddingCharacter = @"0";
  schoolStuCode = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"0501021%@", [numberFormatter stringFromNumber:@(classCode)]];
  NSLog(@"schoolStuCode = %@", schoolStuCode); // 050102105
  // 这里也输出了050102105
  
  // 之后体验NSNumberFormatter强大功能
  // 字符串分隔，可用于手机号显示
  NSString *formatterStr;
  numberFormatter.numberStyle = kCFNumberFormatterDecimalStyle;
  formatterStr = [numberFormatter stringFromNumber:@102140302];
  NSLog(@"%@", formatterStr); // 102,140,302
  // 从格式字符串转换为数据，其他类似
  NSNumber *number = [numberFormatter numberFromString:formatterStr];
  NSLog(@"number = %@", number);
  // 货币符号
  numberFormatter.numberStyle = NSNumberFormatterCurrencyStyle;
  formatterStr = [numberFormatter stringFromNumber:@1.2];
  NSLog(@"%@", formatterStr); // $1.20
  // 百分数格式
  numberFormatter.numberStyle = kCFNumberFormatterPercentStyle;
  formatterStr = [numberFormatter stringFromNumber:@1.2];
  NSLog(@"%@", formatterStr); // 120%
  // 科学计数格式
  numberFormatter.numberStyle = kCFNumberFormatterScientificStyle;
  formatterStr = [numberFormatter stringFromNumber:@1.2];
  NSLog(@"%@", formatterStr); // 1.2E0
  // 口语格式
  numberFormatter.numberStyle = kCFNumberFormatterSpellOutStyle;
  formatterStr = [numberFormatter stringFromNumber:@1.2];
  NSLog(@"%@", formatterStr); // one point two