Activity与Fragment及它们之间的数据传递(一)

什么要用Fragment？使用Fragment可以在一个Activity中实现不同的界面。Fragment与Fragment之间的动画切换，远比Activity与Activity之间的动画切换变化方式多。很多时候，我们通过使用一个Activity，切换多个Fragment。本次博客，主要列举一下Fragment与它的Activity之间进行数据交换的方式。

1.Fragment中通过getActivity()然后进行强制转化，调用Activity中的公有方法

((XXXXActivity)getActivity()).fun();

2.Activity在切换Fragment的时候，通过setArguments向Fragment传递参数，Fragment通过getArguments();获得从activity中传递过来的值

3.Activity实现一个接口，Fragment在onAttach方法中，将该Activity转化为该接口，在需要调用的时候回调。

注意：本Demo是通过FragmentManager来管理Fragment的，通过FragmentManager管理，我们创建Fragment和销毁Fragment的时候，可以通过栈的方式：

a.FragmentTransaction的add方法，添加一个Fragment

b.FragmentTransaction的popBackStack()弹出该Fragment

演示实例：

fragment1.xml

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<relativelayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="match_parent"android:background="#FFFFFFFF"android:paddingbottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"android:paddingleft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"android:paddingright="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"android:paddingtop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"tools:context="com.example.testfragment.MainActivity$PlaceholderFragment">     <textview android:id="@+id/tv"android:layout_width="wrap_content"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:layout_alignparenttop="true"android:text="fragment1">     <button android:id="@+id/btn"android:layout_width="wrap_content"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:layout_below="@id/tv"android:text="跳转到Fragment2"> </button></textview></relativelayout>

MyFragment1.java

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/*  * $filename: MyFragment.java,v $  * $Date: 2014-5-16  $  * Copyright (C) ZhengHaibo, Inc. All rights reserved.  * This software is Made by Zhenghaibo.  */ packagecom.example.testfragment;   importandroid.app.Activity; importandroid.os.Bundle; importandroid.support.v4.app.Fragment; importandroid.view.LayoutInflater; importandroid.view.View; importandroid.view.View.OnClickListener; importandroid.view.ViewGroup; importandroid.widget.Button;   /*  *@author: ZhengHaibo   *web:    http://blog.csdn.net/nuptboyzhb  *mail:    zhb931706659@126.com  *2014-5-16  Nanjing,njupt,China  */ publicclassMyFragment1 extendsFragment {           FragmentCallBack fragmentCallBack = null;     Button btn;     @Override     publicView onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,             Bundle savedInstanceState) {         View rootView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment1, container,                 false);         btn = (Button)rootView.findViewById(R.id.btn);         btn.setOnClickListener(newOnClickListener() {                           @Override             publicvoidonClick(View v) {                 // TODO Auto-generated method stub                 fragmentCallBack.callbackFun1(null);             }         });         returnrootView;     }           @Override     publicvoidonAttach(Activity activity) {         // TODO Auto-generated method stub         super.onAttach(activity);         fragmentCallBack = (MainActivity)activity;     } }

fragment2.xml

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<relativelayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="match_parent"android:background="#FFFFFFFF"android:paddingbottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"android:paddingleft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"android:paddingright="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"android:paddingtop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"tools:context="com.example.testfragment.MainActivity$PlaceholderFragment">     <textview android:id="@+id/tv"android:layout_width="wrap_content"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:layout_alignparenttop="true"android:text="fragment2">     <button android:id="@+id/btn1"android:layout_width="wrap_content"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:layout_below="@id/tv"android:text="直接调用Activity">     </button><button android:id="@+id/btn2"android:layout_width="wrap_content"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:layout_below="@id/btn1"android:text="回调Activity">   </button></textview></relativelayout>

MyFragment2.java

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/*  * $filename: MyFragment.java,v $  * $Date: 2014-5-16  $  * Copyright (C) ZhengHaibo, Inc. All rights reserved.  * This software is Made by Zhenghaibo.  */ packagecom.example.testfragment;   importandroid.app.Activity; importandroid.os.Bundle; importandroid.support.v4.app.Fragment; importandroid.view.LayoutInflater; importandroid.view.View; importandroid.view.View.OnClickListener; importandroid.view.ViewGroup; importandroid.widget.Button; importandroid.widget.Toast;   /*  *@author: ZhengHaibo   *web:    http://blog.csdn.net/nuptboyzhb  *mail:    zhb931706659@126.com  *2014-5-16  Nanjing,njupt,China  */ publicclassMyFragment2 extendsFragment {           FragmentCallBack fragmentCallBack = null;     Button btn1;     Button btn2;     @Override     publicView onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,             Bundle savedInstanceState) {         View rootView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment2, container,                 false);         Bundle data = getArguments();//获得从activity中传递过来的值         Toast.makeText(getActivity(), data.getString("TEXT"), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();         btn1 = (Button)rootView.findViewById(R.id.btn1);         btn1.setOnClickListener(newOnClickListener() {                           @Override             publicvoidonClick(View v) {                 // 直接调用Activity中的方法                 ((MainActivity)getActivity()).changeButtonColor();             }         });         btn2 = (Button)rootView.findViewById(R.id.btn2);         btn2.setOnClickListener(newOnClickListener() {                           @Override             publicvoidonClick(View v) {                 // 回调的方式                 fragmentCallBack.callbackFun2(null);             }         });         returnrootView;     }           @Override     publicvoidonAttach(Activity activity) {         // TODO Auto-generated method stub         super.onAttach(activity);         fragmentCallBack = (MainActivity)activity;     } }

回调接口：

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/*  * $filename: FragmentCallBack.java,v $  * $Date: 2014-5-16  $  * Copyright (C) ZhengHaibo, Inc. All rights reserved.  * This software is Made by Zhenghaibo.  */ packagecom.example.testfragment;   importandroid.os.Bundle;   /*  *@author: ZhengHaibo   *web:    http://blog.csdn.net/nuptboyzhb  *mail:    zhb931706659@126.com  *2014-5-16  Nanjing,njupt,China  */ publicinterfaceFragmentCallBack {     publicvoidcallbackFun1(Bundle arg);       publicvoidcallbackFun2(Bundle arg); }

main.xml

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<relativelayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="match_parent"android:paddingbottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"android:paddingleft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"android:paddingright="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"android:paddingtop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin">     <button android:id="@+id/btn"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:layout_alignparentbottom="true"android:text="切换">     <relativelayout android:id="@+id/rl_container"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:layout_above="@id/btn"> </relativelayout></button></relativelayout>

MainActivity.java

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packagecom.example.testfragment;   importandroid.graphics.Color; importandroid.os.Bundle; importandroid.support.v4.app.Fragment; importandroid.support.v4.app.FragmentManager; importandroid.support.v4.app.FragmentTransaction; importandroid.support.v7.app.ActionBarActivity; importandroid.view.View; importandroid.view.View.OnClickListener; importandroid.widget.Button;   publicclassMainActivity extendsActionBarActivityimplementsFragmentCallBack{           privateButton btn;           privateMyFragment1 fragment1;     privateMyFragment2 fragment2;     privateFragmentManager fragmentManager;     privateFragment currentFragment;     @Override     protectedvoidonCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);         setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);         fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();                   FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();         fragmentTransaction.setCustomAnimations(android.R.anim.fade_in, android.R.anim.fade_out);         fragment1 = newMyFragment1();         Bundle data = newBundle();         data.putString("TEXT","这是Activiy通过Bundle传递过来的值");         fragment1.setArguments(data);//通过Bundle向Activity中传递值         fragmentTransaction.add(R.id.rl_container,fragment1);//将fragment1设置到布局上         fragmentTransaction.addToBackStack(null);         fragmentTransaction.commitAllowingStateLoss();         currentFragment = fragment1;         //初始化button控件         btn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn);         btn.setOnClickListener(newOnClickListener() {             @Override             publicvoidonClick(View v) {                 if(currentFragmentinstanceofMyFragment1){                     switchFragment();                 }else{//当前是fragment2，因此，只需要将fragment2出栈即可变成fragment1                     fragmentManager.popBackStack();                     currentFragment = fragment1;                 }             }         });     }     /**      * 切换Fragment      */     privatevoidswitchFragment(){         if(null== fragment2){//可以避免切换的时候重复创建             fragment2 = newMyFragment2();         }         Bundle data = newBundle();         data.putString("TEXT","传递给fragment2");         fragment2.setArguments(data);         FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();         fragmentTransaction.setCustomAnimations(android.R.anim.fade_in, android.R.anim.fade_out);         fragmentTransaction.add(R.id.rl_container,fragment2);         fragmentTransaction.addToBackStack(null);         fragmentTransaction.commitAllowingStateLoss();         currentFragment = fragment2;     }           publicvoidchangeButtonColor(){         btn.setBackgroundColor(Color.RED);     }       @Override     publicvoidcallbackFun1(Bundle arg) {         // TODO Auto-generated method stub         switchFragment();//通过回调方式切换     }       @Override     publicvoidcallbackFun2(Bundle arg) {         // TODO Auto-generated method stub         changeButtonColor();//通过回调方式调用Activity中的方法     }   }

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切换到第二个Fragment之后，通过Fragment2回调，改变按钮背景后的截图。

注意：

1.直接在Fragment中通过getActivity然后强转Activity的方式调用Activity的方法，这个方式不推荐！因为这会使Fragment的适配性变差。

解决方法：在使用之前，使用instanceof 判断一下Activity的类型

2.FragmentTransaction通过使用setCustomAnimations方法，可以为Fragment的切换增添各种不同的动画。变化方式远比Activity与Activity之间的切换动画要多。

3.多个Fragment之间，可以通过Activity复用很多代码，提高效率。

4.我们还可以通过ViewPager来管理Fragment，通过Adapter添加多个Fragment，然后通过setcurrentitem进行切换。我们同样可以通过setArguments向Fragment传递数据。