企业中各项目中相互协作的时候可能用得到消息通知机制。比如有东西更新了,可以通知做索引。
在 Java 里有 JMS 的多个实现。其中 apache 下的 ActiveMQ 就是不错的选择。还有一个比较热的是 RabbitMQ (是 erlang 语言实现的)。这里示例下使用 ActiveMQ
用 ActiveMQ 最好还是了解下 JMS
JMS 公共 | 点对点域 | 发布/订阅域 |
ConnectionFactory | QueueConnectionFactory | TopicConnectionFactory |
Connection | QueueConnection | TopicConnection |
Destination | Queue | Topic |
Session | QueueSession | TopicSession |
MessageProducer | QueueSender | TopicPublisher |
MessageConsumer | QueueReceiver | TopicSubscriber |
JMS 定义了两种方式:Quere(点对点);Topic(发布/订阅)。
ConnectionFactory 是连接工厂,负责创建Connection。
Connection 负责创建 Session。
Session 创建 MessageProducer(用来发消息) 和 MessageConsumer(用来接收消息)。
Destination 是消息的目的地。
详细的可以网上找些 JMS 规范(有中文版)。
下载 apache-activemq-5.3.0。http://activemq.apache.org/download.html,解压,然后双击 bin/activemq.bat。运行后,可以在 http://localhost:8161/admin 观察。也有 demo, http://localhost:8161/demo。把 activemq-all-5.3.0.jar 加入 classpath。
Jms 发送 代码:
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory();
- Connection connection = connectionFactory.createConnection();
- connection.start();
- Session session = connection.createSession(Boolean.TRUE, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
- Destination destination = session.createQueue("my-queue");
- MessageProducer producer = session.createProducer(destination);
- for(int i=0; i<3; i++) {
- MapMessage message = session.createMapMessage();
- message.setLong("count", new Date().getTime());
- Thread.sleep(1000);
- //通过消息生产者发出消息
- producer.send(message);
- }
- session.commit();
- session.close();
- connection.close();
- }
Jms 接收代码:
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory();
- Connection connection = connectionFactory.createConnection();
- connection.start();
- final Session session = connection.createSession(Boolean.TRUE, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
- Destination destination = session.createQueue("my-queue");
- MessageConsumer consumer = session.createConsumer(destination);
- /*//listener 方式
- consumer.setMessageListener(new MessageListener() {
- public void onMessage(Message msg) {
- MapMessage message = (MapMessage) msg;
- //TODO something....
- System.out.println("收到消息:" + new Date(message.getLong("count")));
- session.commit();
- }
- });
- Thread.sleep(30000);
- */
- int i=0;
- while(i<3) {
- i++;
- MapMessage message = (MapMessage) consumer.receive();
- session.commit();
- //TODO something....
- System.out.println("收到消息:" + new Date(message.getLong("count")));
- }
- session.close();
- connection.close();
- }
启动 JmsReceiver 和 JmsSender 可以在看输出三条时间信息。当然 Jms 还指定有其它格式的数据,如 TextMessage
结合 Spring 的 JmsTemplate 方便用:
xml:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">
- <!-- 在非 web / ejb 容器中使用 pool 时,要手动 stop,spring 不会为你执行 destroy-method 的方法
- <bean id="jmsFactory" class="org.apache.activemq.pool.PooledConnectionFactory" destroy-method="stop">
- <property name="connectionFactory">
- <bean class="org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory">
- <property name="brokerURL" value="tcp://localhost:61616" />
- </bean>
- </property>
- </bean>
- -->
- <bean id="jmsFactory" class="org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory">
- <property name="brokerURL" value="tcp://localhost:61616" />
- </bean>
- <bean id="jmsTemplate" class="org.springframework.jms.core.JmsTemplate">
- <property name="connectionFactory" ref="jmsFactory" />
- <property name="defaultDestination" ref="destination" />
- <property name="messageConverter">
- <bean class="org.springframework.jms.support.converter.SimpleMessageConverter" />
- </property>
- </bean>
- <bean id="destination" class="org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQQueue">
- <constructor-arg index="0" value="my-queue" />
- </bean>
- </beans>
sender:
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- ApplicationContext ctx = new FileSystemXmlApplicationContext("classpath:app*.xml");
- JmsTemplate jmsTemplate = (JmsTemplate) ctx.getBean("jmsTemplate");
- jmsTemplate.send(new MessageCreator() {
- public Message createMessage(Session session) throws JMSException {
- MapMessage mm = session.createMapMessage();
- mm.setLong("count", new Date().getTime());
- return mm;
- }
- });
- }
receiver:
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- ApplicationContext ctx = new FileSystemXmlApplicationContext("classpath:app*.xml");
- JmsTemplate jmsTemplate = (JmsTemplate) ctx.getBean("jmsTemplate");
- while(true) {
- Map<String, Object> mm = (Map<String, Object>) jmsTemplate.receiveAndConvert();
- System.out.println("收到消息:" + new Date((Long)mm.get("count")));
- }
- }
注意:直接用 Jms 接口时接收了消息后要提交一下,否则下次启动接收者时还可以收到旧数据。有了 JmsTemplate 就不用自己提交 session.commit() 了。如果使用了 PooledConnectionFactory 要把 apache-activemq-5.3.0\lib\optional\activemq-pool-5.3.0.jar 加到 classpath
原文地址:http://www.oschina.net/question/12_19665