Q23:右值引用与左值引用

右值引用与左值引用

右值引用是C++11中引入的新特性 , 它实现了转移语义和精确传递。它的主要目的有两个方面:

  1. 消除两个对象交互时不必要的对象拷贝,节省运算存储资源,提高效率。
  2. 能够更简洁明确地定义泛型函数。

左值和右值的概念:

左值:能对表达式取地址、或具名对象/变量。一般指表达式结束后依然存在的持久对象。
右值:不能对表达式取地址,或匿名对象。一般指表达式结束就不再存在的临时对象。

右值引用和左值引用的区别:

  1. 左值可以寻址,而右值不可以。
  2. 左值可以被赋值,右值不可以被赋值,可以用来给左值赋值。
  3. 左值可变,右值不可变(仅对基础类型适用,用户自定义类型右值引用可以通过成员函数改变)。

对左值和右值的一个最常见的误解是:
等号左边的就是左值,等号右边的就是右值。左值和右值都是针对表达式而言的,左值是指表达式结束后依然存在的持久对象,右值是指表达式结束时就不再存在的临时对象。
一个区分左值与右值的便捷方法是:
看能不能对表达式取地址,如果能,则为左值,否则为右值。

C++:浅谈右值引用

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Q21: Which of the following is a valid user-defined output stream manipulator header? a. ostream& tab( ostream& output ) b. ostream tab( ostream output ) c. istream& tab( istream output ) d. void tab( ostream& output ) Q22: What will be output by the following statement? cout << showpoint << setprecision(4) << 11.0 << endl; a. 11 b. 11.0 c. 11.00 d. 11.000 Q23: Which of the following stream manipulators causes an outputted number’s sign to be left justified, its magnitude to be right justified and the center space to be filled with fill characters? a. left b. right c. internal d. showpos Q24: Which of the following statements restores the default fill character? a. cout.defaultFill(); b. cout.fill(); c. cout.fill( 0 ); d. cout.fill( ' ' ); Q25: When the showbase flag is set: a. The base of a number precedes it in brackets. b. Decimal numbers are not output any differently. c. "oct" or "hex" will be displayed in the output stream. d. Octal numbers can appear in one of two ways. Q26: What will be output by the following statements? double x = .0012345; cout << fixed << x << endl; cout << scientific << x << endl; a. 1.234500e-003 0.001235 b. 1.23450e-003 0.00123450 c. .001235 1.234500e-003 d. 0.00123450 1.23450e-003 Q27: Which of the following outputs does not guarantee that the uppercase flag has been set? a. All hexadecimal numbers appear in the form 0X87. b. All numbers written in scientific notation appear the form 6.45E+010. c. All text outputs appear in the form SAMPLE OUTPUT. d. All hexadecimal numbers appear in the form AF6. Q28: Which of the following is not true about bool values and how they're output with the output stream? a. The old style of representing true/false values used -1 to indicate false and 1 to indicate true. b. A bool value outputs as 0 or 1 by default. c. Stream manipulator boolalpha sets the output stream to display bool values as the strings "true" and "false". d. Both boolalpha and noboolalpha are “sticky” settings.
05-24

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