《Netty权威指南》之NIO ByteBuffer详解

 

Java NIO（New IO） 是从Java 1.4版本开始引入的一个新的IO API，可以替代标准的Java IO API。
NIO与原来的IO有同样的作用和目的，但是使用的方式完全不同， NIO支持面向缓冲区的、基于

 

通道的IO操作。 NIO将以更加高效的方式进行文件的读写操作。

Java NIO系统的核心在于：通道(Channel)和缓冲区(Buffer)。通道表示打开到 IO 设备(例如：文件、
套接字)的连接。若需要使用 NIO 系统，需要获取用于连接 IO 设备的通道以及用于容纳数据的缓冲
区。然后操作缓冲区，对数据进行处理

 

简而言之， Channel 负责传输， Buffer 负责存储

package com.lyzx.concurrent.nio;

import org.junit.Test;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;

public class BufferTest {

    /**
     * 字节缓冲区ByteBuffer的概念
     * 通过 allocate()/allocateDirect()方法获取一个缓冲区
     * 前者是在虚拟机实例中创建一个缓冲，后者是在实际的操作系统中创建一个缓冲
     *
     * 还可以通过wrap()方法把一个字节数组转换为字节缓冲区
     *
     * isDirect()表示是不是直接缓冲
     */
    @Test
    public void test1(){
        ByteBuffer buff = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
        ByteBuffer bufferDirect = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(1024);
        System.out.println("buff:"+buff.isDirect());
        System.out.println("bufferDiret:"+bufferDirect.isDirect());

        ByteBuffer wrapBuffer1 = ByteBuffer.wrap("你好".getBytes());
        ByteBuffer wrapBuffer2 = ByteBuffer.wrap("你好中国".getBytes(),0,3);

        System.out.println(wrapBuffer1.isDirect() +"   "+wrapBuffer2.isDirect());
    }


    /**
     * 关于ByteBuffer的3个重要到的位置解释
     * 1、capacity  总容量大小
     * 2、position  当前的将要读写位置(可读/可写的位置)
     * 3、limit     限制位置(当前不可读/不可写的位置)
     *
     * @throws UnsupportedEncodingException
     */
    @Test
    public void test2() throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
        ByteBuffer buff = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
        System.out.println("================init================");
        System.out.println("position:"+buff.position());
        System.out.println("limit:"+buff.limit());
        System.out.println("capacity:"+buff.capacity());
        System.out.println("================init================");

        //这里有一个很有趣的现象希望大家注意一下，GBK和UTF-8编码方式中一个汉字使用的字节数不一样
        System.out.println("================put================");
        buff.put("你好".getBytes("UTF-8"));
        System.out.println("position:"+buff.position());
        System.out.println("limit:"+buff.limit());
        System.out.println("capacity:"+buff.capacity());
        System.out.println("================put================");


        System.out.println("================flip================");
        buff.flip();  //切换模式，默认是写模式
        System.out.println("position:"+buff.position());
        System.out.println("limit:"+buff.limit());
        System.out.println("capacity:"+buff.capacity());
        System.out.println("================flip================");

        System.out.println("================get================");
        byte b1 = buff.get();
        byte b2 = buff.get();
        byte b3 = buff.get();
        byte[] barray = {b1,b2,b3};
        System.out.println(">>>"+new String(barray));
        System.out.println("position:"+buff.position());
        System.out.println("limit:"+buff.limit());
        System.out.println("capacity:"+buff.capacity());
        System.out.println("================get================");


        System.out.println("================rewind================");
        //使position回到原位置，这意味着buffer里面的数据可以重读读取
        buff.rewind();
        byte b4 = buff.get();
        byte b5 = buff.get();
        byte b6 = buff.get();
        byte[] barray2 = {b4,b5,b6};
        System.out.println(new String(barray2));
        System.out.println("position:"+buff.position());
        System.out.println("limit:"+buff.limit());
        System.out.println("capacity:"+buff.capacity());
        System.out.println("================rewind================");

        System.out.println("================clear================");
        buff.clear();
        System.out.println("position:"+buff.position());
        System.out.println("limit:"+buff.limit());
        System.out.println("capacity:"+buff.capacity());
        byte b7 = buff.get();
        byte b8 = buff.get();
        byte b9 = buff.get();
        byte[] barray3 = {b7,b8,b9};
        System.out.println(new String(barray3));

        System.out.println("================clear================");
    }

    @Test
    public void test3() throws UnsupportedEncodingException{
        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
        buffer.put("你好大中国".getBytes("UTF-8"));

        System.out.println("==========put===============");
        System.out.println("position:"+buffer.position()); //15
        System.out.println("limit:"+buffer.limit());       //1024
        System.out.println("capacity:"+buffer.capacity()); //1024
        System.out.println("==========put===============");

        System.out.println("==========get===============");
        buffer.flip();
        byte[] barray = new byte[3];
        buffer.get(barray);
        System.out.println(new String(barray));
        System.out.println("position:"+buffer.position());  //3
        System.out.println("limit:"+buffer.limit());        //15
        System.out.println("capacity:"+buffer.capacity());  //1024
        System.out.println("==========get===============");

        System.out.println("==========mark=============");
        buffer.mark();//在当前位置做一个标记,即position=3的位置
        buffer.get(barray);
        System.out.println(new String(barray));
        System.out.println("position:"+buffer.position());  //6
        System.out.println("limit:"+buffer.limit());        //15
        System.out.println("capacity:"+buffer.capacity());  //1024
        System.out.println("==========mark=============");

        System.out.println("==========mark=============");
        buffer.reset();
        System.out.println("position:"+buffer.position());  //3
        System.out.println("limit:"+buffer.limit());        //15
        System.out.println("capacity:"+buffer.capacity());  //1024
        System.out.println("==========mark=============");


        //查看此字节数组中是否还有数据  实现如下=>  return position < limit
        while(buffer.hasRemaining()){
            buffer.get(barray);
            System.out.println(">>"+new String(barray));
            System.out.println(buffer.remaining());
        }
    }
}

注:此博客是观看完 尚硅谷 的NIO视频写的笔记，再此，感谢尚硅谷的免费视频   大爱尚硅谷