hive创建表的三种方式

hive的表分为三种：内部表（删除表会同时删除HDFS文件）、外部表（删除表只会删除源数据，并不会删除HDFS文件）、临时表（只会当前会话有效，会话结束，临时表消失）
hive创建表的方式有三种：

1. 直接创建表

CREATE [TEMPORARY] [EXTERNAL] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] [db_name.]table_name    -- (Note: TEMPORARY available in Hive 0.14.0 and later)
  [(col_name data_type [column_constraint_specification] [COMMENT col_comment], ... [constraint_specification])]
  [COMMENT table_comment]
  [PARTITIONED BY (col_name data_type [COMMENT col_comment], ...)]
  [CLUSTERED BY (col_name, col_name, ...) [SORTED BY (col_name [ASC|DESC], ...)] INTO num_buckets BUCKETS]
  [SKEWED BY (col_name, col_name, ...)                  -- (Note: Available in Hive 0.10.0 and later)]
     ON ((col_value, col_value, ...), (col_value, col_value, ...), ...)
     [STORED AS DIRECTORIES]
  [
   [ROW FORMAT row_format] 
   [STORED AS file_format]
     | STORED BY 'storage.handler.class.name' [WITH SERDEPROPERTIES (...)]  -- (Note: Available in Hive 0.6.0 and later)
  ]
  [LOCATION hdfs_path]
  [TBLPROPERTIES (property_name=property_value, ...)]   -- (Note: Available in Hive 0.6.0 and later)
  [AS select_statement];   -- (Note: Available in Hive 0.5.0 and later; not supported for external tables)

以上为官网语句，解释下：
[]中的为可选项
TEMPORARY：为临时表的关键字，只对当前会话有效，会话结束，临时表消失
EXTERNAL：外部表关键字，删除外部表只会删除元数据，并不会删除对应的HDFS文件
如果以上两个关键字都没选（只能选一个关键字），默认为内部表，删除表不仅会删除元数据，也会删除对应的HDFS文件
column_constraint_specification：列的约束，类似于MySQL的列约束
COMMENT：字段和表的描述
PARTITIONED BY：分区
CLUSTERED BY SORTED BY：分桶
SKEWED BY：指定倾斜字段及值
ROW FORMAT：指定行的分隔符
STORED AS ：指定存储格式
LOCATION ：指定HDFS文件位置
TBLPROPERTIES ：指定配置属性

create table temp.temp_create_table_test (
col1   string  comment "字段1",
col2   int     comment "字段2"
)
comment "测试"
partitioned by (part_col string comment "分区字段")
clustered by (col1) sorted by (col1 desc) into 2 buckets 
skewed by (col1) on ((2), (3))
row format delimited fields terminated by "\t"
stored as parquet 
location "/user/hive/warehouse-3.1.1/temp.db/temp_create_table_test"
tblproperties("parquet.compression"="snappy");

2. 通过复制表结构创建新表

CREATE [TEMPORARY] [EXTERNAL] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] [db_name.]table_name
  LIKE existing_table_or_view_name
  [LOCATION hdfs_path];

create table temp.temp_create_table_like_test like temp.temp_create_table_test;

3. 通过子查询创建表

create  table temp.temp_create_table_as_test as
select col1, col2 from temp.temp_create_table_test where part_col = '2';

官网地址：https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/LanguageManual+DDL