STL算法库-修改序列式操作(二)

五、替换
原型：replace(iterator first,iterator last,const T& OldValue,Const T& NewValue);
定义：在区间[first,last]中，用NewValue替换OldValue
原型：replace(iterator first,iterator last, Pred pred,const T& NewValue);
定义：在区间[first,last]中，用NewValue替换使得pred为true的元素

源代码如下：

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "algorithm"
#include "iostream"
#include "iterator"
#include "vector"
using namespace std;


int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
 vector<int> vec;
 int dim[]={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9};
 vec.assign(dim,dim+9);
 copy(vec.begin(),vec.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "));
 cout<<endl;
 replace(vec.begin(),vec.end(),7,99);
 copy(vec.begin(),vec.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "));
 cout<<endl;
 replace_if(vec.begin(),vec.end(),bind2nd(greater<int>(),10),7);
 copy(vec.begin(),vec.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "));
 cout<<endl;
 return 0;
}

六、逆转
原型：reverse(iterator first,iterator last);
定义：将[first,last]中所有元素按照逆向顺序反转
原型：reverse_copy(iterator1 first,iterator1 last,iterator2 dest);
定义：将[first,last]中所有元素按照逆向顺序反转，然后将全部元素复制到以dest开头的区间内
源代码如下：

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "algorithm"
#include "iostream"
#include "iterator"
#include "vector"
using namespace std;


int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
 vector<int> vec,vec1;
 int dim[]={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9};
 vec.assign(dim,dim+9);
 vec1.resize(9);
 copy(vec.begin(),vec.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "));
 cout<<endl;
 reverse(vec.begin(),vec.end());
 copy(vec.begin(),vec.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "));
 cout<<endl;
 reverse_copy(vec.begin(),vec.end(),vec1.begin());
 copy(vec1.begin(),vec1.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "));
 cout<<endl;
 return 0;
}

七、旋转
原型：rotate(iterator first,iterator middle,iterator last);
定义：将容器看成一个环，将middle处的元素旋转到first的位置为止。
原型：rotate(iterator first,iterator middle,iterator last,iterator2 dest);
定义：将容器看成一个环，将middle处的元素旋转到first的位置，然后将所有元素复制到以dest开头的容器区间中
源代码如下：

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "algorithm"
#include "iostream"
#include "iterator"
#include "vector"
using namespace std;


int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
 vector<int> vec,vec1;
 int dim[]={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9};
 vec.assign(dim,dim+9);
 vec1.resize(9);
 copy(vec.begin(),vec.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "));
 cout<<endl;
 rotate(vec.begin(),vec.begin()+3,vec.end());
 copy(vec.begin(),vec.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "));
 cout<<endl;
 rotate_copy(vec.begin(),vec.begin()+6,vec.end(),vec1.begin());
 copy(vec1.begin(),vec1.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "));
 cout<<endl;
 return 0;
}

八、排列
8.1 按照字典顺序排列元素
原型：next_permutation(iterator first,iterator last);
定义：升序排序，值得注意的是利用next_permutation进行排列时，每次排序只会动一个元素，需要利用while循环完成
最终的排序，循环条件是next_permutation的返回值，排序完成后其返回false
原型：prev_permutation(iterator first,iterator last);
定义：降序排序，值得注意的是利用prev_pemutation进行排列时，每次排序只会动一个元素，利用while循环实现最终的
排序，循环条件是prev_permutation的返回值，排序完成后其返回false
源代码如下：

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "iostream"
#include "algorithm"
#include "deque"
#include "vector"
#include "iterator"
using namespace std;


int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
 deque<int> d1;
 vector<int> v1;
 int dim[]={1,2,3};
 v1.assign(dim,dim+3);
 cout<<"vector v1: ";
 copy(v1.begin(),v1.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "));
 cout<<endl;
 cout<<"queue d1(original):";
 copy(v1.begin(),v1.end(),back_inserter(d1));
 copy(d1.begin(),d1.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "));
 cout<<endl;
 //next_permutation(d1.begin(),d1.end());
 while(next_permutation(d1.begin(),d1.end()))
 {
  copy(d1.begin(),d1.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "));
  cout<<endl;
 }
 cout<<"排?序?后?;
 copy(d1.begin(),d1.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "));
 cout<<endl;
 cout<<"准?备?重?新?按2照?降?序?排?序騞1:";
 copy(d1.begin(),d1.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "));
 cout<<endl;
 while(prev_permutation(d1.begin(),d1.end()))
 {
  copy(d1.begin(),d1.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "));
  cout<<endl;
 }
 cout<<"再?次?降?序?排?序?后骴1：o";
 copy(d1.begin(),d1.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "));
 cout<<endl;
 return 0;
}

8.2 随机排列元素
原型：random_shuffle(iterator first,iterator last);
定义：均匀分布随机排列元素
原型：random shuffle(iterator first,iterator last,Pred pred);
定义：按照指定规则分布，pred为仿函数
源代码：

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "iostream"
#include "algorithm"
#include "deque"
#include "vector"
#include "iterator"
using namespace std;


class myRandom
{
public:
 ptrdiff_t operator()(ptrdiff_t max)
 {
  double tmp;
  tmp = static_cast<double>(rand())/static_cast<double>(RAND_MAX);
  return static_cast<ptrdiff_t>(tmp * max);
 }
};
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
 vector<int> v1;
 int dim[]={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9};
 v1.assign(dim,dim+9);
 cout<<"vector v1:";
 copy(v1.begin(),v1.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "));//输?出?最?初?的?容Y器?中D的?元a素?
 cout<<endl;
 random_shuffle(v1.begin(),v1.end());
 cout<<"vector v1(random)";
 copy(v1.begin(),v1.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "));//输?出?打?乱?顺3序?后?的?vector容Y器?的?元a素?
 cout<<endl;
 sort(v1.begin(),v1.end());
 copy(v1.begin(),v1.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "));//输?出?排?序?后?的?vector容Y器?的?元a素?
 cout<<endl;
 myRandom mrd;
 random_shuffle(v1.begin(),v1.end(),mrd);
 copy(v1.begin(),v1.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "));//输?出?再?次?打?乱?后?的?容Y器?中D的?元a素?
 cout<<endl;
 return 0;
}

8.3 向前搬移元素
原型：iterator partition(iterator first,iterator second,Pred pr);
原型：iterator stable_partition(iterator first,iterator second,Pred pr);
定义：按照指定的一元判断式向前搬移元素，当一元判断式为true，向前移动符合条件的元素，函数返回值是使一元判断式为false的第一个元素
源代码如下：

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "iostream"
#include "algorithm"
#include "deque"
#include "vector"
#include "iterator"
using namespace std;

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
 vector<int> v1,v2;
 int dim[]={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9};
 v1.assign(dim,dim+9);
 v2 = v1;
 cout<<"vector v1:";
 copy(v1.begin(),v1.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "));
 cout<<endl;
 cout<<"vector v2:";
 copy(v1.begin(),v1.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "));
 cout<<endl;
 vector<int>::iterator pos1,pos2;
 pos1 = partition(v1.begin(),v1.end(),not1(bind2nd(modulus<int>(),2)));
 pos2 = stable_partition(v2.begin(),v2.end(),not1(bind2nd(modulus<int>(),2)));
 cout<<"vector v1(modulus,2,partition):";
 copy(v1.begin(),v1.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "));
 cout<<endl;
 cout<<"vector v2 (modulus,2,stable_partition):";
 copy(v1.begin(),v1.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "));
 cout<<endl;
 return 0;
}