CSS元素居中指南

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1、水平居中
三种情况:
(1)是内联或内(行内元素)(inline- *)元素(比如文本或链接)?
(2)块级元素?
(3)超过一个块级元素吗?
2、垂直居中
    两种情况:
(1)是内联或内联(行内元素)(inline- *)元素(比如文本或链接)
(2)块级元素

3、水平垂直居中
    可以结合上述技术以任何方式得到完美的中心元素。通常分为三个阵营:
(1)固定宽度和高度的元素
(2)未知的宽度和高度的元素
(3)可以用弹性布局flexbox



以下详细介绍上述的情况:
参照网址:https://css-tricks.com/centering-css-complete-guide/

1、水平居中

三种情况:
(1)是内联或内(行内元素)(inline- *)元素(比如文本或链接)?
(2)块级元素?
(3)超过一个块级元素吗?

(1)是内联或内联(inline- *)元素(比如文本或链接)

在一个块级父元素中,可以水平居中行内元素
.center-children {
     text-align: center;
}
这将为内联工作,inline-block、inline-table inline-flex等等

例子:
HTML代码:
<header>
    This text is centered.
</header>

<nav role='navigation'>
    <a href="#0">One</a>
    <a href="#0">Two</a>
    <a href="#0">Three</a>
    <a href="#0">Four</a>
</nav>

css代码:
body {
    background: #8ee8f0;
}

header, nav {
    text-align: center;
    background: white;
    margin: 20px 0;
    padding: 10px;
}

nav a {
    text-decoration: none;
    background: #333;
    border-radius: 5px;
    color: white;
    padding: 3px 8px;
}

样式结果:


(2)块级元素

可以通过给它margin-left中心一个块级元素和margin-right auto(和它有一个宽度,否则它会完整的宽度和不需要定心)。常用于速记是这样的:
.center-me {
     margin: 0 auto;
}

这将工作无论什么块级元素的宽度你定心,或父级元素。
请注意,您不能浮动元素的中心。

例子:
HTML代码:
<main>
    <div class="center">
        I'm a block level element and am centered.
    </div>
</main>

css代码:
body {
    background: #b3f0ee;
}

main {
    background: white;
    margin: 20px 0;
    padding: 10px;
}

.center {
    margin: 0 auto;
    width: 200px;
    background: black;
    padding: 20px;
    color: white;
}

样式结果:



(3)多个块级元素

1、两个或两个以上的块级元素需要连续集中水平,很有可能你会更好的让他们不同的显示类型。
可以让他们转化为行内元素inline-block  或用弹性布局 flexbox。
例子:
HTMl代码:
<main class="inline-block-center">
    <div>
        I'm an element that is block-like with my siblings and we're centered in a row.
    </div>
    <div>
        I'm an element that is block-like with my siblings and we're centered in a row. I have more content in me than my siblings do.
    </div>
    <div>
        I'm an element that is block-like with my siblings and we're centered in a row.
    </div>
</main>

<main class="flex-center">
    <div>
        I'm an element that is block-like with my siblings and we're centered in a row.
    </div>
    <div>
        I'm an element that is block-like with my siblings and we're centered in a row. I have more content in me than my siblings do.
    </div>
    <div>
        I'm an element that is block-like with my siblings and we're centered in a row.
    </div>
</main>

css代码:
body {
    background: #b3f0ee;
    font-size: 80%;
}

main {
    background: white;
    margin: 20px 0;
    padding: 10px;
}

main div {
    background: black;
    color: white;
    padding: 15px;
    max-width: 125px;
    margin: 5px;
}

.inline-block-center {
    text-align: center;
}
.inline-block-center div {
    display: inline-block;
    text-align: left;
}

.flex-center {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
}

样式结果:


2、多个块级元素堆叠在彼此之上
例子:
HTMl代码:
<main>
    <div>
        I'm an element that is block-like with my siblings and we're centered in a row.
    </div>
    <div>
        I'm an element that is block-like with my siblings and we're centered in a row. I have more content in me than my siblings do.
    </div>
    <div>
        I'm an element that is block-like with my siblings and we're centered in a row.
    </div>
</main>

css代码:
body {
    background: #b3f0ee;
    font-size: 80%;
}

main {
    background: white;
    margin: 20px 0;
    padding: 10px;
}

main div {
    background: black;
    margin: 0 auto;
    color: white;
    padding: 15px;
    margin: 5px auto;
}

main div:nth-child(1) {
    width: 200px;
}
main div:nth-child(2) {
    width: 400px;
}
main div:nth-child(3) {
    width: 125px;
}

样式结果:



2、垂直居中
两种情况:
(1)是内联或内联(行内元素)(inline- *)元素(比如文本或链接)
(2)块级元素

(1)是内联或内联(行内元素)(inline- *)元素(比如文本或链接)
     1、是否是一行?
          a.有时内联/文本元素可以出现垂直居中,仅仅因为他们等于填充上方和下方.
          可以通过只设置padding的上下边距
          .link{
               padding-top:50px;
               padding-bottom: 50px;
          }  
    
     例子:
     HTML代码:
<main>
    <a href="#0">We're</a>
    <a href="#0">Centered</a>
    <a href="#0">Bits of</a>
    <a href="#0">Text</a>
</main>

    css代码:
body {
    background: #b3f0ee;
    font-size: 80%;
}

main {
    background: white;
    margin: 20px 0;
    padding: 50px;
}

main a {
    background: black;
    color: white;
    padding: 40px 30px;
    text-decoration: none;
}

     样式结果:
     
    
     b.如果知道宽度、高度;则可以通过属性 .line-height来垂直居中
     例子:
     HTML代码:
<main>
    <div>
        I'm a centered line.
    </div>
</main>

     css代码:
body {
    background: #b3f0ee;
    font-size: 80%;
}
main {
    background: white;
    margin: 20px 0;
    padding: 40px;
}

main div {
    background: black;
    color: white;
    height: 100px;
    line-height: 100px;
    padding: 20px;
    width: 50%;
    white-space: nowrap;
}

     样式结果:
     
     
     2、是否多行?
     a.可以使用 vertical-align: middle;
     例子: 
     HTMl代码:
<table>
    <tr>
        <td>
            I'm vertically centered multiple lines of text in a real table cell.
        </td>
    </tr>
</table>

<div class="center-table">
    <p>I'm vertically centered multiple lines of text in a CSS-created table layout.</p>
</div>

     css代码:
body {
    background: #b3f0ee;
    font-size: 80%;
}

table {
    background: white;
    width: 240px;
    border-collapse: separate;
    margin: 20px;
    height: 250px;
}

table td {
    background: black;
    color: white;
    padding: 20px;
    border: 10px solid white;
    /* 默认是 vertical-align: middle; */
}

.center-table {
    display: table;
    height: 250px;
    background: white;
    width: 240px;
    margin: 20px;
}
.center-table p {
    display: table-cell;
    margin: 0;
    background: black;
    color: white;
    padding: 20px;
    border: 10px solid white;
    vertical-align: middle;
}
     样式结果:

     b.如果表状的东西,可以用弹性布局flex box,一个flex-child可以在flex-parent中心很容易
          平等填充在顶部和底部的集中效应可以给多个记住,只有真正相关父容器是否有一个固定的高度(px,%等),
     这就是为什么这里的容器有一个高度
.flex-center-vertically {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  flex-direction: column;
  height: 400px;
}

     例子: 
     HTMl代码:
<div class="flex-center">
    <p>I'm vertically centered multiple lines of text in a flexbox container.</p>
</div>

     css代码:
body {
    background: #b3f0ee;
    font-size: 80%;
}
div {
    background: white;
    width: 240px;
    margin: 20px;
}

.flex-center {
    background: black;
    color: white;
    border: 10px solid white;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: center;
    height: 200px;
    resize: vertical;
    overflow: auto;
}
.flex-center p {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 20px;
}

     样式结果:

     c. 可以采用“幽灵元素”技术,在全高度伪元素放置在容器和文本是垂直对齐。
.ghost-center {
  position: relative;
}
.ghost-center::before {
  content: " ";
  display: inline-block;
  height: 100%;
  width: 1%;
  vertical-align: middle;
}
.ghost-center p {
  display: inline-block;
  vertical-align: middle;
}

     例子: 
     HTMl代码:
<div class="ghost-center">
    <p>I'm vertically centered multiple lines of text in a container. Centered with a ghost pseudo element</p>
</div>

     css代码:
body {
    background: #b3f0ee;
    font-size: 80%;
}
div {
    background: white;
    width: 240px;
    height: 200px;
    margin: 20px;
    color: white;
    resize: vertical;
    overflow: auto;
    padding: 20px;
}

.ghost-center {
    position: relative;
}
.ghost-center::before {
    content: " ";
    display: inline-block;
    height: 100%;
    width: 1%;
    vertical-align: middle;
}
.ghost-center p {
    display: inline-block;
    vertical-align: middle;
    width: 190px;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 20px;
    background: black;
}

     样式结果:
     

(2)块级元素

三种情况:
     (1)知道元素的高度
     (2)未知元素的高度
     (3)可以用弹性布局flexbox

(1)知道元素的高度
     知道高度后:子元素可以通过绝对定位来垂直居中,注:父元素必须是定位过的元素
.parent {
    position: relative;
}
.child {
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    height: 100px;
    margin-top: -50px; /* 如果不是怪异盒模型 box-sizing: border-box; */
}
     例子:
     html代码:
<main>

    <div>
        I'm a block-level element with a fixed height, centered vertically within my parent.
    </div>

</main>
     css代码:
body {
    background: #b3f0ee;
    font-size: 80%;
}
main {
    background: white;
    height: 300px;
    margin: 20px;
    width: 300px;
    position: relative;
    resize: vertical;
    overflow: auto;
}

main div {
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    left: 20px;
    right: 20px;
    height: 100px;
    margin-top: -70px;
    background: black;
    color: white;
    padding: 20px;
}
     样式结果:
     

(2)未知元素的高度
     不知道父元素高度:也可以通过绝对定位,垂直居中,通过向Y轴平移50%
.parent {
  position: relative;
}
.child {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
}
     例子:
     html代码:
<main>

    <div>
        I'm a block-level element with an unknown height, centered vertically within my parent.
    </div>

</main>
     css代码:
body {
    background: #b3f0ee;
    font-size: 80%;
}
main {
    background: white;
    height: 300px;
    margin: 20px;
    width: 300px;
    position: relative;
    resize: vertical;
    overflow: auto;
}

main div {
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    left: 20px;
    right: 20px;
    background: black;
    color: white;
    padding: 20px;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    resize: vertical;
    overflow: auto;
}
     样式结果:
    
     
(3)可以用弹性布局flexbox

.parent {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
}

例子:
     html代码:
<main>

    <div>
        I'm a block-level element with an unknown height, centered vertically within my parent.
    </div>

</main>
     css代码:
body {
    background: #b3f0ee;
    font-size: 80%;
}
main {
    background: white;
    height: 300px;
    width: 200px;
    padding: 20px;
    margin: 20px;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: center;
    resize: vertical;
    overflow: auto;
}

main div {
    background: black;
    color: white;
    padding: 20px;
    resize: vertical;
    overflow: auto;
}
     样式结果:
     

3、从水平和垂直方向上

可以结合上述技术以任何方式得到完美的中心元素。通常分为三个阵营:
     (1)固定宽度和高度的元素
     (2)未知的宽度和高度的元素
     (3)可以用弹性布局flexbox

(1)固定宽度和高度的元素
     绝对定位它在50% / 50%
.parent {
  position: relative;
}

.child {
  width: 300px;
  height: 100px;
  padding: 20px;

  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  left: 50%;

  margin: -70px 0 0 -170px;
}

例子:
     html代码:
<main>

    <div>
        I'm a block-level element a fixed height and width, centered vertically within my parent.
    </div>

</main>
     css代码:
body {
    background: #b3f0ee;
    font-size: 80%;
    padding: 20px;
}
main {
    position: relative;
    background: white;
    height: 200px;
    width: 60%;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 20px;
    resize: both;
    overflow: auto;
}

main div {
    background: black;
    color: white;
    width: 200px;
    height: 100px;
    margin: -70px 0 0 -120px;
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    left: 50%;
    padding: 20px;
}
     样式结果:
     
(2)未知的宽度和高度的元素
     如果你不知道宽度或高度,可以通过绝对定位top: 50%;left: 50%;后;再通过平移transform: translate(-50%,-50%);来居中
.parent {
    position: relative;
}
.child {
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
}
例子:
     html代码:
<main>

    <div>
        I'm a block-level element of an unknown height and width, centered vertically within my parent.
    </div>

</main>

     css代码:
body {
    background: #b3f0ee;
    font-size: 80%;
    padding: 20px;
}
main {
    position: relative;
    background: white;
    height: 200px;
    width: 60%;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 20px;
    resize: both;
    overflow: auto;
}

main div {
    background: black;
    color: white;
    width: 50%;
    transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    left: 50%;
    padding: 20px;
    resize: both;
    overflow: auto;
}
     样式结果:

(3)可以用弹性布局flexbox
     flexbox中心两个方向,您需要使用两个定心属性
.parent {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
}

例子:
     html代码:
<main>

    <div>
        I'm a block-level-ish element of an unknown width and height, centered vertically within my parent.
    </div>

</main>
     css代码:
body {
    background: #b3f0ee;
    font-size: 80%;
    padding: 20px;
}
main {
    background: white;
    height: 200px;
    width: 60%;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 20px;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
    resize: both;
    overflow: auto;
}

main div {
    background: black;
    color: white;
    width: 50%;
    padding: 20px;
    resize: both;
    overflow: auto;
}
     样式结果:



总结:
1、看是否为内联元素(inline-*)行内元素 或是块级元素
2、是否多个元素?
3、是否给定宽度或高度?






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