Struts 2 Ajax Tutorial with Example

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Struts 2 Ajax Tutorial with Example

By Viral Patel on January 13, 2010

Welcome to the last part of 7 article series of Struts 2 Framework tutorials. In previous article we saw how to implement File Upload functionality in Struts 2. In this article we will see how we can implement Ajax support in a webapplication using Struts2 framework.

Struts 2 Tutorials

AJAX support in Struts 2

Struts 2 provides built-in support to AJAX using Dojo Toolkit library. If you are new to Dojo, you may want to go through the Introduction of DOJO Toolkit.

Struts 2 comes with powerful set of Dojo AJAX APIs which you can use to add Ajax support. In order to add Ajax support, you need to add following JAR file in your classpath:
struts2-dojo-plugin.jar

Also once we add this JAR file, we need to add following code snippet in whatever JSP file we need to add AJAX support.

1	`<%@ taglib prefix="sx" uri="/struts-dojo-tags"%>`

First define the taglib sx which we will use to add AJAX enabled tags.

1	`<` `sx:head` `/>`

Add this head tag in your JSP between <head> … </head> tags. This sx:head tag will include required javascript and css files to implement Ajax.

AJAX Example: Struts2 Ajax Drop Down

Let us add simple AJAX support in our StrutsHelloWorld web application. We will use the base code that we used in previous articles and add Ajax on top of it.

We will create a drop down which will Autocomplete and suggest the input. For this we will add Dojo support to our webapp.

Step 1: Adding JAR file

As discussed earlier we will add struts2-dojo-plugin.jar in classpath (WEB-INF/lib). Thus, following is the list of required jar files. Note that these jars are needed to run full application including all the samples of previous parts of this tutorial series.
struts2-ajax-jar-files

Step 2: Create AJAX Action class

We will create an action class which will get called for our Ajax example. Create a file AjaxAutocomplete.java in net.viralpatel.struts2 package and copy following content into it.
AjaxAutocomplete.java

 
        package 
         net.viralpatel.struts2; 
       
        import 
         java.util.ArrayList; 
       
        import 
         java.util.List; 
       
        import 
         java.util.StringTokenizer; 
       
        import 
         com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; 
       
        public 
         class 
        AjaxAutocomplete  
        extends 
        ActionSupport { 
       
        private 
        String data =  
        "Afghanistan, Zimbabwe, India, United States, Germany, China, Israel" 
        ; 
       
        private 
        List<String> countries; 
       
        private 
        String country; 
       
        public 
        String execute() { 
       
        countries =  
        new 
        ArrayList<String>(); 
       
        StringTokenizer st =  
        new 
        StringTokenizer(data,  
        "," 
        ); 
       
        while 
        (st.hasMoreTokens()) { 
       
        countries.add(st.nextToken().trim()); 
       
        } 
       
        return 
        SUCCESS; 
       
        } 
       
        public 
        String getCountry() { 
       
        return 
        this 
        .country; 
       
        } 
       
        public 
        List<String> getCountries() { 
       
        return 
        countries; 
       
        } 
       
        public 
        void 
        setCountries(List<String> countries) { 
       
        this 
        .countries = countries; 
       
        } 
       
        public 
        void 
        setCountry(String country) { 
       
        this 
        .country = country; 
       
        } 
       
        }

In above code we have created a simple action class with attribute String country and List countries. The countries list will be populated with country names when execute() method is called. Here for this example, we have loaded static data. You may feel free to change this and add data from database.

Step 3: Create JSP

Create JSP file to display Autocomplete textbox for our Ajax action. Create AjaxDemo.jsp in WebContent directory.
AjaxDemo.jsp

 
        <%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"%> 
       
        <%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%> 
       
        <%@ taglib prefix="sx" uri="/struts-dojo-tags"%> 
       
        < 
        html 
        > 
       
        < 
        head 
        > 
       
        < 
        title 
        >Welcome</ 
        title 
        > 
       
        < 
        sx:head 
        /> 
       
        </ 
        head 
        > 
       
        < 
        body 
        > 
       
        < 
        h2 
        >Struts 2 Autocomplete (Drop down) Example!</ 
        h2 
        > 
       
        Country: 
       
        < 
        sx:autocompleter 
        size 
        = 
        "1" 
        list 
        = 
        "countries" 
        name 
        = 
        "country" 
        ></ 
        sx:autocompleter 
        > 
       
        </ 
        action 
        > 
       
        </ 
        body 
        > 
       
        </ 
        html 
        >

In above JSP file we have used sx:autocompleter tag to render an autocomplete drop down which users Ajax class to fetch data internally. Note that we have mapped the list attribute with List countries.

Step 4: Creating Struts.xml entry

Add following action entry in Struts.xml file:

 
        < 
        action 
        name 
        = 
        "ajaxdemo" 
        class 
        = 
        "net.viralpatel.struts2.AjaxAutocomplete" 
        > 
       
 
             
        < 
        interceptor-ref 
        name 
        = 
        "loggingStack" 
        ></ 
        interceptor-ref 
        > 
       
 
             
        < 
        result 
        name 
        = 
        "success" 
        type 
        = 
        "tiles" 
        >/ajaxdemo.tiles</ 
        result 
        > 
       
 
             
        < 
        result 
        type 
        = 
        "tiles" 
        >/ajaxdemo.tiles</ 
        result 
        > 
       
 
        </ 
        action 
        > 
       

Notice that we are using Tiles here in this example. You may want to use AjaxDemo.jsp instead of /ajaxdemo.tiles to render the output directly in JSP.

That’s All Folks

Compile and Run the application in eclipse.
struts2-ajax-drop-down

Download Source Code

Click here to download Source Code without JAR files (24KB)

Conclusion

Struts2 Framework provides wide variety of features to create a rich web application. In this Struts2 series we saw different aspects of Struts 2 like introduction of struts2, hello world application, validation framework, tiles plugin, strurts2 interceptors, file upload and ajax support.