第3章 装配Bean---高级装配--笔记1

概述:

Sring 一些新特性:

  • Spring profile : 让bean活起来
  • 条件化的bean声明:过滤bean 
  • 自动装配与歧义性: 请给我一个精准的bean
  • bean的作用域:  正确行使的权利
  • SpringEL表达式: Spring自己的语言

1.spring profile

profile 简单解释就是根据需求创建bean

package learn.chapter3;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

import org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.embedded.EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder;
import org.springframework.jndi.JndiObjectFactoryBean;

public class ThirdDatabase {

	/**
	 * 测试环境获取数据库
	 * @return
	 */
	@Bean(destroyMethod="shutdown")
	public DataSource dataSourceE(){
		return new EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder()
				.addScript("classpath:schema.sql")
				.addScript("classpath:test-data.sql")
				.build();
	}
	
	/**
	 * 生产环境的数据库
	 * @return
	 */
	public DataSource dataSourceJOF(){
		JndiObjectFactoryBean jndiObjectFactoryBean = 
				new JndiObjectFactoryBean();
		jndiObjectFactoryBean.setJndiName("jdbc/myDS");
		jndiObjectFactoryBean.setResourceRef(true);
		jndiObjectFactoryBean.setProxyInterface(javax.sql.DataSource.class);
		return (DataSource) jndiObjectFactoryBean.getObject();
	}
	
	/**
	 * QA环境的数据库对象
	 * @return
	 */
	public DataSource dataSourceQA(){
		BasicDataSource dataSource = new BasicDataSource();
		dataSource.setUrl("jdbc:h2:top://dbserver/~/test");
		dataSource.setDriverClassName("org.h2.Driver");
		dataSource.setUsername("sa");
		dataSource.setPassword("password");
		dataSource.setInitialSize(20);
		dataSource.setMaxActive(30);
		return dataSource;
	}
}

有三种数据库对象分别应用不同的场景,开发,生产,测试,多个环境,如果保证在三个环境进行切换,也就是根据需要创建不同datasource?

接下来以一个简单的例子:定义一个Fruit接口,创建三个实现类,Apple.java Peach.java Banana.java,每个人喜欢不同的水果,合理创建不同的水果

package learn.chapter3;

public interface Fruit {

	void favorFruit();
}

package learn.chapter3;

public class Peach implements Fruit{

	public void favorFruit() {
		System.out.println("我喜欢吃桃子");
		
	}

}
package learn.chapter3;

public class Apple implements Fruit{

	public void favorFruit() {
	
		System.out.println("我喜欢吃苹果");
		
	}

}
package learn.chapter3;

public class Banana implements Fruit {

	public void favorFruit() {
		System.out.println("我喜欢吃香蕉");
	}

}

然后采用两种注入方式

方式一:javaConfig

package learn.chapter3.javaConfig;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Profile;

import learn.chapter3.Apple;
import learn.chapter3.Banana;
import learn.chapter3.Fruit;
import learn.chapter3.Peach;

@Configuration
public class FruitConfig {

	@Bean("fruit")
	@Profile("apple")
	public Fruit getApple(){
		return new Apple();
	}
	@Bean("fruit")
	@Profile("peach")
	public Fruit getPeach(){
		return new Peach();
	}
	@Bean("fruit")
	@Profile("banana")
	public Fruit getBanana(){
		return new Banana();
	}
	
}
总结:注意看所有的bean的名称都是fruit的,增加一个@Profile注解用来区分不同的名称


方式二:采用xml配置方式

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c" 
	xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/util
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd">

    <beans profile="apple">
    	<bean id="fruit" class="learn.chapter3.Apple"></bean>
    </beans>
    <beans profile="peach">
    	<bean id="fruit" class="learn.chapter3.Peach"></bean>
    </beans>
    <beans profile="banana">
    	<bean id="fruit" class="learn.chapter3.Banana"></bean>
    </beans>
	
</beans>
测试类:

package learn.chapter2;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

import learn.chapter3.Fruit;
import learn.chapter3.javaConfig.FruitConfig;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes={FruitConfig.class})
@ActiveProfiles("peach")
public class ProfileTest {

	@Autowired
	private Fruit fruit;
	@Test
	public void favor(){
		fruit.favorFruit();
	}
}
总结:增加注解 @ActiveProfiles("peach") 激活对应profile,就创建不同的bean

结果:
我喜欢吃桃子

这只是测试profiles,可以通过很多方式就行激活对应的profile当工程中

  1. 作为DispatcherServlet的初始化参数:
  2. 作为Web应用的上下文参数
  3. 作为环境变量
  4. 作为JVM的系统属性
  5. 集成测试直接用注解@ActiveProfiles设置

主要有两个属性: spring.profiles.active 和 spring.profiles.default

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
version="3.0">
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<!-- Spring和mybatis的配置文件 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring-mybatis.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<context-param>
<param-name>spring.profiles.default</param-name>
<param-value>apple</param-value>
</context-param>

<!-- 编码过滤器 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<async-supported>true</async-supported>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!-- Spring监听器 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- 防止Spring内存溢出监听器 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.IntrospectorCleanupListener</listener-class>
</listener>


<!-- Spring MVC servlet -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>spring.profiles.default</param-name>
<param-value>peach</param-value>
</init-param>

<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
<async-supported>true</async-supported>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<!-- 此处可以可以配置成*.do,对应struts的后缀习惯 -->
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>/index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>

</web-app>


总结:第一个是基于web,第二个基于servlet,多个不同profile可用逗号隔开,例如 peach,apple(同类不过没有必要)

2.条件化的Bean

@Conditional(实现condition接口的实现类),不同于profile,这个更加宽泛,自由

利用Conditional注解实现成年人才能创建网吧对象,模拟成年人大于等于18才能进入网吧

package learn.chapter3;

public  class Person {
	
	public int age;
	
	public String name;
	public Person(int age, String name) {
		this.age = age;
		this.name = name;
	}
	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	
	
}
package learn.chapter3;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableListableBeanFactory;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Condition;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ConditionContext;
import org.springframework.core.type.AnnotatedTypeMetadata;

public class IsAdult implements Condition {

	public boolean matches(ConditionContext context, AnnotatedTypeMetadata metadata) {
		ConfigurableListableBeanFactory ss = context.getBeanFactory();
		//判断是否有Person的bean
		Person p = (Person) ss.getBean("person");
		if(null != p && p.getAge()>=18) {
			return true;
		}
		return false;
	}

	
}

这个类实现Condition接口

package learn.chapter3.javaConfig;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Conditional;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import learn.chapter3.InternetBar;
import learn.chapter3.IsAdult;
import learn.chapter3.Person;

@Configuration
public class InternetBarConfig {

	@Bean 
	public Person person(){
		return new Person(19, "小明");
	}
	@Bean
	@Conditional( IsAdult.class)
	public InternetBar internetBar(){
		return new InternetBar();
	}
}

在注入InternetBar增加了条件类(IsAdult.class) 返回true 才创建这个bean

测试类:

package learn.chapter2;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

import learn.chapter3.InternetBar;
import learn.chapter3.javaConfig.InternetBarConfig;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes={InternetBarConfig.class})
public class ConditionTest2 {

	@Autowired
	private InternetBar internetBar;
	@Test
	public void isNullInternetBar(){
		assertNotNull(internetBar);
	}
}

总结:当前Person未实例化,或者age<18都会报错。


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