2. Installing Maven

2.1. Verify your Java Installation

The latest version of Maven currently requires the usage of Java 7 or higher. While older Maven versions can run on older Java versions, this book assumes that you are running at least Java 7. Go with the most recent stable Java Development Kit (JDK) available for your operating system.

% java -version
java version "1.7.0_71"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_71-b14)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.71-b01, mixed mode)

Tip More details about Java version required for different Maven versions can be found on the Maven site.

Maven works with all certified Java™ compatible development kits, and a few non-certified implementations of Java. The examples in this book were written and tested against the official Java Development Kit releases downloaded from the Oracle web site.

2.2. Downloading Maven

You can download Apache Maven from the project website at http://maven.apache.org/download.html.

When downloading Maven, make sure you choose the latest version of Apache Maven from the Maven website. The latest version of Maven when this book was written was Maven 3.3.3. If you are not familiar with the Apache Software License, you should familiarize yourself with the terms of the license before you start using the product. More information on the Apache Software License can be found in Section 2.8, “About the Apache Software License”.

Link	Checksums	Signature
Binary tar.gz archive	apache-maven-3.6.3-bin.tar.gz	apache-maven-3.6.3-bin.tar.gz.sha512	apache-maven-3.6.3-bin.tar.gz.asc
Binary zip archive	apache-maven-3.6.3-bin.zip	apache-maven-3.6.3-bin.zip.sha512	apache-maven-3.6.3-bin.zip.asc
Source tar.gz archive	apache-maven-3.6.3-src.tar.gz	apache-maven-3.6.3-src.tar.gz.sha512	apache-maven-3.6.3-src.tar.gz.asc
Source zip archive	apache-maven-3.6.3-src.zip	apache-maven-3.6.3-src.zip.sha512	apache-maven-3.6.3-src.zip.asc

windows 选择 apache-maven-3.6.3-bin.zip

linux 选择 apache-maven-3.6.3-src.tar.gz

2.3. Installing Maven

There are wide differences between operating systems such as Mac OS X and Microsoft Windows, and there are subtle differences between different versions of Windows. Luckily, the process of installing Maven on all of these operating systems is relatively painless and straightforward. The following sections outline the recommended best-practice for installing Maven on a variety of operating systems.

2.3.1. Installing Maven on Linux, BSD and Mac OS X

Download the current release of Maven from http://maven.apache.org/download.html. Choose a format that is convenient for you to work with. Pick an appropriate place for it to live, and expand the archive there. If you expanded the archive into the directory /usr/local/apache-maven-3.0.5, you may want to create a symbolic link to make it easier to work with and to avoid the need to change any environment configuration when you upgrade to a newer version:

/usr/local % cd /usr/local
/usr/local % ln -s apache-maven-3.0.5 maven
/usr/local % export PATH=/usr/local/maven/bin:$PATH

Once Maven is installed, you need to add its bin directory in the distribution (in this example, /usr/local/maven/bin) to your command path.

You’ll need to add the PATH configuration to a script that will run every time you login. To do this, add the following lines to .bash_login or .profile.

export PATH=/usr/local/maven/bin:${PATH}

Once you’ve added these lines to your own environment, you will be able to run Maven from the command line.

These installation instructions assume that you are running bash.

# linux安装方式1
# 假设当前安装包目录为 /srv/ftp/apache-maven-3.5.0-bin.tar.gz
# 1. 进入对应安装包所在的目录,解压安装包到指令目录中
tar xzvf /srv/ftp/apache-maven-3.5.0-bin.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
# 2. 更改文件名称
mv /usr/local/apache-maven-3.5.0/ /usr/local/maven
# 3. 更改系统配置文件
vim /etc/profile
# 在系统配置文件中添加如下内容
export MAVEN_HOME=/usr/local/maven
export PATH=$PATH:$MAVEN_HOME/bin:
# 4. 执行命令让系统配置起效
source /etc/profile
# 5. 查看maven是否安装成功
mvn -v

# linux安装方式2

sudo yum install -y yum-utils 
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://repos.fedorapeople.org/repos/dchen/apache-maven/epel-apache-maven.repo
yum install -y apache-maven

# 此时配置文件目录通过指令查询
whereis maven
maven: /etc/maven /usr/local/maven
# maven配置文件在/etc/maven/目录下

2.3.2. Installing Maven on Microsoft Windows

Installing Maven on Windows is very similar to installing Maven on Mac OS X, the main differences being the installation location and the setting of an environment variable. This book assumes a Maven installation directory of C:\Program Files\apache-maven-3.0.5, but it won’t make a difference if you install Maven in another directory as long as you configure the proper environment variable. Once you’ve unpacked Maven to the installation directory, you will need to update the PATH environment variable:

C:\Users\tobrien > set PATH="c:\Program Files\apache-maven-3.0.5\bin";%PATH%

Setting this environment variable on the command line will allow you to run Maven in your current session. Unless you add them to the System or User environment variables through the Control Panel, you’ll have to execute these two lines every time you log into your system. You should modify both of these variables through the Control Panel in Microsoft Windows.

Setting Environment Variables

• Go into the Control Panel
• Select System
• Go in Advanced tab and click on Environment Variables.
• Click on the Path variable in the lower System variables section and click the Edit button.
• Add the string "C:\Program Files\apache-maven-3.0.5\bin;" in the Variable value field to the front of the existing value and click on the OK button in this and the following dialogs.

windows7

直接解压到相应的目录：

比如：D:\Program Files\apache-maven-3.6.3

计算机->属性->高级系统设置->环境变量->系统变量

编辑Path 添加maven路径：D:\Program Files\apache-maven-3.6.3

2.4. Testing a Maven Installation

Once Maven is installed, you can check the version by running mvn -v from the command line. If Maven has been installed, you should see something resembling the following output.

$ mvn -v
Apache Maven 3.0.5 (r01de14724cdef164cd33c7c8c2fe155faf9602da; 2013-02-19 05:51:28-0800)
Maven home: /usr/local/maven
Java version: 1.7.0_75, vendor: Oracle Corporation
Java home: /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.7.0_75.jdk/Contents/Home/jre
Default locale: en_US, platform encoding: UTF-8
OS name: "mac os x", version: "10.8.5", arch: "x86_64", family: "mac"

If you see this output, you know that Maven is available and ready to be used. If you do not see this output, and your operating system cannot find the mvn command, make sure that your PATH environment variable and M2_HOME environment variable have been properly set.

2.5. Maven Installation Details

Maven’s download measures in at a few megabyte only. It has attained such a slim download size because the core of Maven has been designed to retrieve plugins and dependencies from a remote repository on-demand. When you start using Maven, it will start to download plugins to a local repository described in Section 2.5.1, “User-Specific Configuration and Repository”. In case you are curious, let’s take a quick look at what is in Maven’s installation directory.

/usr/local/maven $ ls -p1
LICENSE.txt
NOTICE
README.txt
bin/
boot/
conf/
lib/

LICENSE.txt contains the software license for Apache Maven. The lib/ directory contains a the JAR files that contains the core of Maven.

Unless you are working in a shared Unix environment, you should avoid customizing the settings.xml in conf. Altering the global settings.xml file in the Maven installation itself is usually unnecessary and it tends to complicate the upgrade procedure for Maven as you’ll have to remember to copy the customized settings.xml from the old Maven installation to the new installation. If you need to customize settings.xml, you should be editing your own settings.xml in ~/.m2/settings.xml.

2.5.1. User-Specific Configuration and Repository

Once you start using Maven extensively, you’ll notice that Maven has created some local user-specific configuration files and a local repository in your home directory. In ~/.m2 there will be:

• ~/.m2/settings.xml

  windows7->C:/Users/Administrator.m2/settings.xml

  A file containing user-specific configuration for authentication, repositories, and other information to customize the behavior of Maven.

• ~/.m2/repository/

  This directory contains your local Maven repository. When you download a dependency from a remote Maven repository, Maven stores a copy of the dependency in your local repository.

In Unix (and OS X), your home directory will be referred to using a tilde (i.e. ~/bin refers to /home/tobrien/bin). In Windows, we will also be using ~ to refer to your home directory. In Windows XP, your home directory is C:\Documents and Settings\tobrien, and in Windows Vista, your home directory is C:\Users\tobrien. From this point forward, you should translate paths such as ~/m2 to your operating system’s equivalent.

2.5.2. Upgrading a Maven Installation

If you’ve installed Maven on a Mac OS X or Unix machine according to the details in Section 2.3.1, “Installing Maven on Linux, BSD and Mac OS X”, it should be easy to upgrade to newer versions of Maven when they become available. Simply install the newer version of Maven (/usr/local/maven-3.future) next to the existing version of Maven (/usr/local/maven-3.0.3). Then switch the symbolic link /usr/local/maven from /usr/local/maven-3.0.3 to /usr/local/maven-3.future. Since you’ve already set your PATH variable to point to /usr/local/maven, you won’t need to change any environment variables.

If you have installed Maven on a Windows machine, simply unpack Maven to C:\Program Files\maven-3.future and update your PATH variable.

If you have any customizations to the global settings.xml in conf, you will need to copy this settings.xml to the conf directory of the new Maven installation.

2.6. Uninstalling Maven

Most of the installation instructions involve unpacking of the Maven distribution archive in a directory and setting of various environment variables. If you need to remove Maven from your computer, all you need to do is delete your Maven installation directory and remove the environment variables. You will also want to delete the ~/.m2 directory as it contains your local repository.

2.7. Getting Help with Maven

While this book aims to be a comprehensive reference, there are going to be topics we will miss and special situations and tips which are not covered. While the core of Maven is very simple, the real work in Maven happens in the plugins, and there are too many plugins available to cover them all in one book. You are going to encounter problems and features which have not been covered in this book; in these cases, we suggest searching for answers at the following locations:

• http://maven.apache.org

  This will be the first place to look. The Maven web site contains a wealth of information and documentation. Every plugin has a few pages of documentation and there is a series of “quick start” documents which will be helpful in addition to the content of this book. While the Maven site contains a wealth of information, it can also be frustrating, confusing, and overwhelming. There is a custom Google search box on the main Maven page that will search known Maven sites for information. This provides better results than a generic Google search.

• Maven User Mailing List

  The Maven User mailing list is the place for users to ask questions. Before you ask a question on the user mailing list, you will want to search for any previous discussion that might relate to your question. It is bad form to ask a question that has already been asked without first checking to see if an answer already exists in the archives. There are a number of useful mailing list archive browsers; we’ve found Nabble to the be the most useful. You can browse the User mailing list archives at http://mail-archives.apache.org/mod_mbox/maven-users/. You can join the user mailing list by following the instructions available at http://maven.apache.org/mail-lists.html.

• http://books.sonatype.com

  Sonatype maintains an online copy of this book and other tutorials related to Apache Maven.

2.8. About the Apache Software License

Apache Maven is released under the Apache Software License, Version 2.0. If you want to read this license, you can read ${M2_HOME}/LICENSE.txt or read this license on the Open Source Initiative’s web site at http://www.opensource.org/licenses/apache2.0.php.

There’s a good chance that, if you are reading this book, you are not a lawyer. If you are wondering what the Apache License, Version 2.0 means, the Apache Software Foundation has assembled a very helpful Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) page about the license available at http://www.apache.org/foundation/licence-FAQ.html.