一、原理
Rabbitmq的集群是依赖于erlang的集群来工作的，所以必须先构建起erlang的集群环境。而Erlang的集群中各节点是通过一个magic cookie来实现的，这个cookie存放在 /var/lib/rabbitmq/.erlang.cookie 中，文件是400的权限。所以必须保证各节点cookie保持一致，否则节点之间就无法通信。
二、准备工作
部署RabbitMQ集群，通过使用haproxy作为反向代理访问rabbitMQ，从而实现负载均衡及高可用，具体配置如下：
准备三台主机：
172.20.102.80 rabbitmq-server1
172.20.102.138 rabbitmq-server2
172.20.102.161 rabbitmq-server3
各rabbitMQ服务器更改hosts文件：
[root@rabbitmq-server1 ~]#vim /etc/hosts
172.20.102.80 rabbitmq-server1
172.20.102.138 rabbitmq-server2
172.20.102.161 rabbitmq-server3
各rabbitMQ服务器安装并启动rabbitMQ服务：
[root@rabbitmq-server1 ~]# yum install rabbitmq-server
[root@rabbitmq-server1 ~]# systemctl start rabbitmq-server
[root@rabbitmq-server1 ~]# systemctl enable rabbitmq-server
[root@rabbitmq-server1 ~]# rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management #开启web管理界面插件
[root@rabbitmq-server1 ~]# systemctl restart rabbitmq-server
#扩展--添加用户，并赋予权限
rabbitmqctl add_user admin admin
rabbitmqctl set_user_tags admin administrator
rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management
rabbitmqctl set_permissions -p "/" admin ".*" ".*" ".*"
访问web界面：默认用户名为guest 密码为guest
三、操作步骤
1、拷贝server1的cookie到server2和server3上
[root@rabbitmq-server1 rabbitmq]#scp /var/lib/rabbitmq/.erlang.cookie 172.20.102.138:/var/lib/rabbitmq/.erlang.cookie
[root@rabbitmq-server1 rabbitmq]#scp /var/lib/rabbitmq/.erlang.cookie 172.20.102.161:/var/lib/rabbitmq/.erlang.cookie
2、各节点重启rabbitMQ服务并验证端口
各节点启动服务：
[root@rabbitmq-server1 ~]# systemctl restart rabbitmq-server
[root@rabbitmq-server2 ~]# systemctl restart rabbitmq-server
[root@rabbitmq-server3 ~]# systemctl restart rabbitmq-server
验证端口：#ss -tnl
5672：消费者访问的端口
15672：web管理端口
25672：集群状态通信端口
3、查看各rabbitMQ服务的集群状态
[root@rabbitmq-server1 rabbitmq]#rabbitmqctl cluster_status
Cluster status of node 'rabbit@rabbitmq-server1' ...
[{nodes,[{disc,['rabbit@rabbitmq-server1']}]},
{running_nodes,['rabbit@rabbitmq-server1']},
{cluster_name,<<"rabbit@rabbitmq-server1">>},
{partitions,[]}]
...done.
[root@rabbitmq-server2 rabbitmq]#rabbitmqctl cluster_status
Cluster status of node 'rabbit@rabbitmq-server2' ...
[{nodes,[{disc,['rabbit@rabbitmq-server2']}]},
{running_nodes,['rabbit@rabbitmq-server2']},
{cluster_name,<<"rabbit@rabbitmq-server2">>},
{partitions,[]}]
...done.
[root@rabbitmq-server3 rabbitmq]#rabbitmqctl cluster_status
Cluster status of node 'rabbit@rabbitmq-server3' ...
[{nodes,[{disc,['rabbit@rabbitmq-server3']}]},
{running_nodes,['rabbit@rabbitmq-server3']},
{cluster_name,<<"rabbit@rabbitmq-server3">>},
{partitions,[]}]
...done.
4、将rabbitMQ的节点添加到集群
在rabbitmq-server1作为内存节点连接起来，并作为内存节点，在rabbitmq-server1执行以下命令：
[root@rabbitmq-server1 rabbitmq]#rabbitmqctl cluster_status
Cluster status of node 'rabbit@rabbitmq-server1' ...
[{nodes,[{disc,['rabbit@rabbitmq-server1']}]},
{running_nodes,['rabbit@rabbitmq-server1']},
{cluster_name,<<"rabbit@rabbitmq-server1">>}, #未添加到集群之前只有自己一台节点
{partitions,[]}]
...done.
[root@rabbitmq-server1 ~]# rabbitmqctl stop_app #停止应程序
[root@rabbitmq-server1 ~]# rabbitmqctl reset #清空元数据
[root@rabbitmq-server1 rabbitmq]#rabbitmqctl join_cluster rabbit@rabbitmq-server2 --ram #将rabbitmq-server1添加到集群当中，并成为内存节点，不加--ram默认是磁盘节点
Clustering node 'rabbit@rabbitmq-server1' with 'rabbit@rabbitmq-server2' ...
...done.
[root@rabbitmq-server1 rabbitmq]#rabbitmqctl cluster_status
Cluster status of node 'rabbit@rabbitmq-server1' ...
[{nodes,[{disc,['rabbit@rabbitmq-server2']}, #默认是磁盘节点
{ram,['rabbit@rabbitmq-server1']}]}] ＃内存节点
...done.
[root@rabbitmq-server1 rabbitmq]#rabbitmqctl cluster_status #添加之后的集群状态
Cluster status of node 'rabbit@rabbitmq-server1' ...
[{nodes,[{disc,['rabbit@rabbitmq-server2']},
{ram,['rabbit@rabbitmq-server1']}]},
{running_nodes,['rabbit@rabbitmq-server2','rabbit@rabbitmq-server1']},
{cluster_name,<<"rabbit@rabbitmq-server2">>},
{partitions,[]}]
...done.
5、将rabbitmq-server3添加到集群
[root@rabbitmq-server3 rabbitmq]# rabbitmqctl cluster_status #未添加到集群之后只有自己一个节点
Cluster status of node 'rabbit@rabbitmq-server3' ...
[{nodes,[{disc,['rabbit@rabbitmq-server3']}]},
{running_nodes,['rabbit@rabbitmq-server3']},
{cluster_name,<<"rabbit@rabbitmq-server3">>},
{partitions,[]}]
...done.
[root@rabbitmq-server3 rabbitmq]# rabbitmqctl stop_app #停止应用程序
Stopping node 'rabbit@rabbitmq-server3' ...
...done.
[root@rabbitmq-server3 rabbitmq]# rabbitmqctl reset #重设元数据
Resetting node 'rabbit@rabbitmq-server3' ...
...done.
[root@rabbitmq-server3 rabbitmq]# rabbitmqctl join_cluster rabbit@rabbitmq-server2 --ram #添加到集群当中并设置为内存节点
Clustering node 'rabbit@rabbitmq-server3' with 'rabbit@rabbitmq-server2' ...
...done.
[root@rabbitmq-server3 rabbitmq]# rabbitmqctl start_app #启动应用程序
Starting node 'rabbit@rabbitmq-server3' ...
...done.
[root@rabbitmq-server3 rabbitmq]# rabbitmqctl cluster_status #查看集群状态
Cluster status of node 'rabbit@rabbitmq-server3' ...
[{nodes,[{disc,['rabbit@rabbitmq-server2']}, #一个磁盘节点，集群当中最少有一个磁盘节点用于消息的持久化
{ram,['rabbit@rabbitmq-server3','rabbit@rabbitmq-server1']}]}, #两个内存节点
{running_nodes,['rabbit@rabbitmq-server1','rabbit@rabbitmq-server2', #当前正在运行的节点
'rabbit@rabbitmq-server3']},
{cluster_name,<<"rabbit@rabbitmq-server2">>}, #集群名称
{partitions,[]}]
...done.
5、更改为镜像模式
只要在其中一台节点执行以下命令即可
[root@rabbitmq-server1 ~]#rabbitmqctl set_policy ha-all "#" '{"ha-mode":"all"}' # "#"为任意0个或多个即为所有，也可以使用"^test"匹配开头，还可以使用其他正则匹配
Setting policy "ha-all" for pattern "#" to "{\"ha-mode\":\"all\"}" with priority "0" ...
...done.
6、在任意一台节点的管理界面创建一个queue，验证是可以同步到其他节点
7、在其他rabbitMQ节点进行验证queue是否存在
8、使用命令也可以验证
[root@rabbitmq-server1 ~]#rabbitmqctl list_queues
Listing queues ...
test 0
test1 0
test2 0
...done.
9、通过haproxy 实现反向代理
#安装haproxy
[root@node4 ~]#yum -y install haproxy
#主要配置如下
vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
global
maxconn 100000
uid 99
gid 99
daemon
nbproc 1
log 127.0.0.1 local0 info
defaults
option http-keep-alive
#option forwardfor
maxconn 100000
mode tcp
timeout connect 300000ms
timeout client 300000ms
timeout server 300000ms
listen rabbitmq 0.0.0.0:5671
mode tcp
log global
balance roundrobin
server rabbitmq1 172.20.102.80:5672 check inter 2000 rise 3 fall 3
server rabbitmq2 172.20.102.138:5672 check inter 2000 rise 3 fall 3
server rabbitmq3 172.20.102.161:5672 check inter 2000 rise 3 fall 3
listen rabbitmq_cluster 0.0.0.0:15671
mode tcp
log global
balance roundrobin
server rqslave1 172.20.102.80:15672 check inter 2000 rise 3 fall 3
server rqslave2 172.20.102.138:15672 check inter 2000 rise 3 fall 3
server rqslave3 172.20.102.161:15672 check inter 2000 rise 3 fall 3
#启动Haproxy
[root@node4 ~]#systemctl start haproxy
[root@node4 ~]#ss -tnl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 512 *:5671 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 512 *:15671 *:*
10、访问15671端口，验证可以访问到后端真实的RabbitMQ服务器
11、使用python通过haproxy向rabbitMQ写入消息
①写入消息的的生产者代码
#!/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8
#Author: ZhangJie
import pika
#用户名密码
cert = pika.PlainCredentials("guest","guest")
#连接到rabbitMQ服务器
conn = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters("172.20.102.152",5671,'/',cert))
#创建频道
chanel = conn.channel()
#声明消息队列，如果队列不存在就创建，存在就将消息在此队队列中创建，如果将消息发送到不存在的队列，则rabbitMQ会自动清除这些消息
chanel.queue_declare(queue="test7")
#exchange告诉消息去往的队列，routing_key是队列名，body是要传递的消息内容
chanel.basic_publish(exchange="",
routing_key="test7",
body="hello world!")
print("消息写入成功")
#消息写入完成，关闭连接
conn.close()
②执行结果
12、通过haproxy反向代理向rabbitMQ服务器获取消息
①获取消息的消费者脚本内容
#!/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8
#Author: ZhangJie
import pika
#用户名
cert = pika.PlainCredentials("guest","guest")
#连接到服务器
conn = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters("172.20.102.152",5671,"/",cert))
#创建频道
channel = conn.channel()
#声明消息队列，如果不存在就创建
channel.queue_declare(queue="hello")
# 定义一个回调函数来处理，这边的回调函数就是将信息打印出来。
def callback(ch,method,properties,body):
print("[x] Received %r" % body)
channel.basic_consume('test5',callback,
auto_ack=False,
exclusive=False,
consumer_tag=None,
arguments=None)
print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
# 开始接收信息，并进入阻塞状态，队列里有信息才会调用callback进行处理。按ctrl+c退出。
channel.start_consuming()
②执行结果
13、guest 账号密码忘了，无法登陆：解决办法
[root@rabbitmq-server2 ~]#rabbitmqctl change_password guest guest
[root@rabbitmq-server2 ~]#rabbitmqctl set_user_tags guest administrator
[root@rabbitmq-server2 ~]#systemctl restart rabbitmq-server
14、集群状态操作命令
查看服务状态：rabbitmqctl status
关闭服务：rabbitmqctl stop
查看mq用户：rabbitmqctl list_users
查看用户权限：rabbitmqctl list_user_permissions guest
新增用户： rabbitmqctl add_user admin 123456
四、操作集群
1、添加一个用户 tom
2、添加virtual hosts , 注意，virtual hosts都以斜杠开头
3、设置权限
4、添加完成
5、退出，重新登录
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