# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#条件语句
'''
if 判断条件:
执行语句……
else:
执行语句……
'''
flag = False
name = 'python'
if name == 'python': # 判断变量否为'python'
flag = True # 条件成立时设置标志为真
print 'welcome boss' # 并输出欢迎信息
else:
print name # 条件不成立时输出变量名称
'''
if 判断条件1:
执行语句1……
elif 判断条件2:
执行语句2……
elif 判断条件3:
执行语句3……
else:
执行语句4……
'''
num = 2
if num == 3: # 判断num的值
print 'boss'
elif num == 2:
print 'user'
elif num == 1:
print 'worker'
elif num < 0: # 值小于零时输出
print 'error'
else:
print 'roadman' # 条件均不成立时输出
num = 9
if num >= 0 and num <= 10: # 判断值是否在0~10之间
print 'hello'
num = 10
if num < 0 or num > 10: # 判断值是否在小于0或大于10
print 'hello'
else:
print 'undefine'
num = 8
# 判断值是否在0~5或者10~15之间
if (num >= 0 and num <= 5) or (num >= 10 and num <= 15):
print 'hello'
else:
print 'undefine'
var = 100
if ( var == 100 ) : print "变量 var 的值为100"
print "Good bye!"
#while语句
'''
while 判断条件:
执行语句……
'''
count = 0
while (count < 9):
print 'The count is:', count
count = count + 1
print "Good bye!"
# continue 和 break 用法
i = 1
while i < 10:
i += 1
if i%2 > 0: # 非双数时跳过输出
continue
print i # 输出双数2、4、6、8、10
i = 1
while 1: # 循环条件为1必定成立
print i # 输出1~10
i += 1
if i > 10: # 当i大于10时跳出循环
break
#死循环
'''
var = 1
while var == 1 : # 该条件永远为true,循环将无限执行下去
num = raw_input("Enter a number :")
print "You entered: ", num
print "Good bye!"
'''
#while … else
count = 0
while count < 5:
print count, " is less than 5"
count = count + 1
else:
print count, " is not less than 5"
#简单语句组
flag = 1
while (flag): print 'Given flag is really true!';flag=0;
print "Good bye!"
#for语句
'''
for iterating_var in sequence:
statements(s)
'''
for letter in 'Python': # 第一个实例
print '当前字母 :', letter
fruits = ['banana', 'apple', 'mango']
for fruit in fruits: # 第二个实例
print '当前水果 :', fruit
print "Good bye!"
#序列索引迭代
fruits = ['banana', 'apple', 'mango']
for index in range(len(fruits)):
print '当前水果 :', fruits[index]
print "Good bye!"
#for...else
for num in range(10,20): # 迭代 10 到 20 之间的数字
for i in range(2,num): # 根据因子迭代
if num%i == 0: # 确定第一个因子
j=num/i # 计算第二个因子
print '%d 等于 %d * %d' % (num,i,j)
break # 跳出当前循环
else: # 循环的 else 部分
print num, '是一个质数'
#嵌套循环
i = 2
while(i < 100):
j = 2
while(j <= (i/j)):
if not(i%j): break
j = j + 1
if (j > i/j) : print i, " 是素数"
i = i + 1
print "Good bye!"
#break语句
for letter in 'Python': # First Example
if letter == 'h':
break
print 'Current Letter :', letter
var = 10 # Second Example
while var > 0:
print 'Current variable value :', var
var = var -1
if var == 5:
break
print "Good bye!"
#continue语句
for letter in 'Python': # 第一个实例
if letter == 'h':
continue
print '当前字母 :', letter
var = 10 # 第二个实例
while var > 0:
var = var -1
if var == 5:
continue
print '当前变量值 :', var
print "Good bye!"
#pass语句
# 输出 Python 的每个字母
for letter in 'Python':
if letter == 'h':
pass
print '这是 pass 块'
print '当前字母 :', letter
print "Good bye!"
#格式字符串
print "My name is %s and weight is %d kg!" % ('Zara', 21)
#时间与日期
import time; # This is required to include time module.
ticks = time.time()
print "Number of ticks since 12:00am, January 1, 1970:", ticks
localtime = time.localtime(time.time())
print "Local current time :", localtime
localtime = time.asctime( time.localtime(time.time()) )
print "Local current time :", localtime
import calendar
cal = calendar.month(2018, 7)
print "Here is the calendar:"
print cal;
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#自定义函数
'''
def functionname( parameters ):
"函数_文档字符串"
function_suite
return [expression]
'''
def printme( str ):
"打印传入的字符串到标准显示设备上"
print str
return
#函数调用
printme("我要调用用户自定义函数!");
printme("再次调用同一函数");
# 可写函数说明
def changeme( mylist ):
"修改传入的列表"
mylist.append([1,2,3,4]);
print "函数内取值: ", mylist
return
# 调用changeme函数
mylist = [10,20,30];
changeme( mylist );
print "函数外取值: ", mylist
#参数
def printme( str ):
"打印任何传入的字符串"
print str;
return;
#调用printme函数
printme();
def printme( str ):
"打印任何传入的字符串"
print str;
return;
#调用printme函数
printme( str = "My string");
def printinfo( name, age ):
"打印任何传入的字符串"
print "Name: ", name;
print "Age ", age;
return;
#调用printinfo函数
printinfo( age=50, name="miki" );
def printinfo( name, age = 35 ):
"打印任何传入的字符串"
print "Name: ", name;
print "Age ", age;
return;
#调用printinfo函数
printinfo( age=50, name="miki" );
printinfo( name="miki" );
#不定长参数
'''
def functionname([formal_args,] *var_args_tuple ):
"函数_文档字符串"
function_suite
return [expression]
'''
def printinfo( arg1, *vartuple ):
"打印任何传入的参数"
print "输出: "
print arg1
for var in vartuple:
print var
return;
# 调用printinfo 函数
printinfo( 10 );
printinfo( 70, 60, 50 );
#匿名函数
'''
lambda [arg1 [,arg2,.....argn]]:expression
'''
sum = lambda arg1, arg2: arg1 + arg2;
# 调用sum函数
print "相加后的值为 : ", sum( 10, 20 )
print "相加后的值为 : ", sum( 20, 20 )
#return语句
def sum( arg1, arg2 ):
# 返回2个参数的和."
total = arg1 + arg2
print "函数内 : ", total
return total;
# 调用sum函数
total = sum( 10, 20 );
print "函数外 : ", total
#变量的作用范围
total = 0; # 这是一个全局变量
# 可写函数说明
def sum( arg1, arg2 ):
#返回2个参数的和."
total = arg1 + arg2; # total在这里是局部变量.
print "函数内是局部变量 : ", total
return total;
#调用sum函数
sum( 10, 20 );
print "函数外是全局变量 : ", total
#键盘输入
str = raw_input("Please enter:");
print "你输入的内容是: ", str
str = input("Please enter:");
print "你输入的内容是: ", str
#打开与关闭文件
# 打开一个文件
fo = open("foo.txt", "wb")
print "文件名: ", fo.name
print "是否已关闭 : ", fo.closed
print "访问模式 : ", fo.mode
print "末尾是否强制加空格 : ", fo.softspace
# 打开一个文件
fo = open("foo.txt", "wb")
print "文件名: ", fo.name
fo.close()
# 打开一个文件
fo = open("foo.txt", "wb")
fo.write( "www.runoob.com!\nVery good site!\n");
# 关闭打开的文件
fo.close()
# 打开一个文件
fo = open("foo.txt", "r+")
str = fo.read(10);
print "读取的字符串是 : ", str
# 关闭打开的文件
fo.close()
# 打开一个文件
fo = open("foo.txt", "r+")
str = fo.read(10);
print "读取的字符串是 : ", str
# 查找当前位置
position = fo.tell();
print "当前文件位置 : ", position
# 把指针再次重新定位到文件开头
position = fo.seek(0, 0);
str = fo.read(10);
print "重新读取字符串 : ", str
# 关闭打开的文件
fo.close()
import os
# 重命名文件test1.txt到test2.txt。
os.rename( "test1.txt", "test2.txt" )
import os
# 删除一个已经存在的文件test2.txt
os.remove("test2.txt")
#异常处理
try:
fh = open("testfile", "w")
fh.write("This is my test file for exception handling!!")
except IOError:
print "Error: can\'t find file or read data"
else:
print "Written content in the file successfully"
fh.close()
try:
fh = open("testfile", "r")
fh.write("This is my test file for exception handling!!")
except IOError:
print "Error: can\'t find file or read data"
else:
print "Written content in the file successfully"
try:
fh = open("testfile", "w")
fh.write("This is my test file for exception handling!!")
finally:
print "Error: can\'t find file or read data"
try:
fh = open("testfile", "w")
try:
fh.write("This is my test file for exception handling!!")
finally:
print "Going to close the file"
fh.close()
except IOError:
print "Error: can\'t find file or read data"
def temp_convert(var):
try:
return int(var)
except ValueError, Argument:
print "The argument does not contain numbers\n", Argument
# Call above function here.
temp_convert("xyz");
#异常触发
def functionName( level ):
if level < 1:
raise "Invalid level!", level
# The code below to this would not be executed
# if we raise the exception
try:
Business Logic here...
except "Invalid level!":
Exception handling here...
else:
Rest of the code here...
#自定义异常
class Networkerror(RuntimeError):
def __init__(self, arg):
self.args = arg
try:
raise Networkerror("Bad hostname")
except Networkerror,e:
print e.args