JAVA实战：使用DOM来遍历XML文档中的全部内容并且插入元素

前言

XML文件

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8"?>
<School>
    <Student>
        <Name>沈浪</Name>
        <Num>1006010022</Num>
        <Classes>信管2</Classes>
        <Address>浙江杭州3</Address>
        <Tel>123456</Tel>
    </Student>
    <Student>
        <Name>沈1</Name>
        <Num>1006010033</Num>
        <Classes>信管1</Classes>
        <Address>浙江杭州4</Address>
        <Tel>234567</Tel>
    </Student>
    <Student>
        <Name>沈2</Name>
        <Num>1006010044</Num>
        <Classes>生工2</Classes>
        <Address>浙江杭州1</Address>
        <Tel>345678</Tel>
    </Student>
    <Student>
        <Name>沈3</Name>
        <Num>1006010055</Num>
        <Classes>电子2</Classes>
        <Address>浙江杭州2</Address>
        <Tel>456789</Tel>
    </Student>
</School>

DomDemo.java

package xidian.sl.dom;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;

import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;

import org.apache.crimson.tree.XmlDocument;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;


public class DomDemo {
    /**
     * 遍历xml文档
     * */
    public static void queryXml(){
        try{
            //得到DOM解析器的工厂实例
            DocumentBuilderFactory dbFactory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
            //从DOM工厂中获得DOM解析器
            DocumentBuilder dbBuilder = dbFactory.newDocumentBuilder();
            //把要解析的xml文档读入DOM解析器
            Document doc = dbBuilder.parse("src/xidian/sl/dom/school.xml");
            System.out.println("处理该文档的DomImplementation对象  = "+ doc.getImplementation());
            //得到文档名称为Student的元素的节点列表
            NodeList nList = doc.getElementsByTagName("Student");
            //遍历该集合，显示结合中的元素及其子元素的名字
            for(int i = 0; i< nList.getLength() ; i ++){
                Element node = (Element)nList.item(i);
                System.out.println("Name: "+ node.getElementsByTagName("Name").item(0).getFirstChild().getNodeValue());
                System.out.println("Num: "+ node.getElementsByTagName("Num").item(0).getFirstChild().getNodeValue());
                System.out.println("Classes: "+ node.getElementsByTagName("Classes").item(0).getFirstChild().getNodeValue());
                System.out.println("Address: "+ node.getElementsByTagName("Address").item(0).getFirstChild().getNodeValue());
                System.out.println("Tel: "+ node.getElementsByTagName("Tel").item(0).getFirstChild().getNodeValue());
            }
            
        }catch (Exception e) {
            // TODO: handle exception
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    /**
     * 向已存在的xml文件中插入元素
     * */
    public static void insertXml(){
        Element school = null;
        Element student = null;
        Element name = null;
        Element num = null;
        Element classes = null;
        Element address = null;
        Element tel = null;
        try{
            //得到DOM解析器的工厂实例
            DocumentBuilderFactory dbFactory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
            //从DOM工厂中获得DOM解析器
            DocumentBuilder dbBuilder = dbFactory.newDocumentBuilder();
            //把要解析的xml文档读入DOM解析器
            Document doc = dbBuilder.parse("src/xidian/sl/dom/school.xml");
            //得到文档名称为Student的元素的节点列表
            NodeList nList = doc.getElementsByTagName("School");
            school = (Element)nList.item(0);
            //创建名称为Student的元素
            student = doc.createElement("Student");
            //设置元素Student的属性值为231
            student.setAttribute("examId", "23");
            //创建名称为Name的元素
            name = doc.createElement("Name");
            //创建名称为 香香 的文本节点并作为子节点添加到name元素中
            name.appendChild(doc.createTextNode("香香"));
            //将name子元素添加到student中
            student.appendChild(name);
            /**
             * 下面的元素依次加入即可
             * */
            num = doc.createElement("Num");
            num.appendChild(doc.createTextNode("1006010066"));
            student.appendChild(num);
            
            classes = doc.createElement("Classes");
            classes.appendChild(doc.createTextNode("眼视光5"));
            student.appendChild(classes);
            
            address = doc.createElement("Address");
            address.appendChild(doc.createTextNode("浙江温州"));
            student.appendChild(address);
            
            tel = doc.createElement("Tel");
            tel.appendChild(doc.createTextNode("123890"));
            student.appendChild(tel);
            
            //将student作为子元素添加到树的根节点school
            school.appendChild(student);
            //将内存中的文档通过文件流生成insertSchool.xml,XmlDocument位于crison.jar下
            ((XmlDocument)doc).write(new FileOutputStream("src/xidian/sl/dom/insertSchool.xml"));
            System.out.println("成功");
        }catch (Exception e) {
            // TODO: handle exception
            e.printStackTrace();
        }    
    }
    public static void main(String[] args){
        //读取
        DomDemo.queryXml();
        //插入
        DomDemo.insertXml();
    }
}

运行后结果

查看生成的XML文件

结束语

本人大三学生一枚，学识尚浅，不喜勿喷，希望今日能抛砖引玉，请各位大佬一定不吝赐教！！！
参考自链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/shenliang123/archive/2012/05/11/2495252.html