算法：数组中找出两数之和=指定数

题目：

给定一个整数数组 nums 和一个目标值 target，请在数组中找出两数之和等于 target 的位置下标。

你可以假设每种输入只会对应一个答案。但是，你不能重复利用这个数组中同样的元素。

一、解法1，暴力方法， 2 个 for / while 循环。

时间复杂度：O(N^2)

import sys

if len(sys.argv) != 3:
    print("Usage: python3 %s <nums> <target>" % (sys.argv[0]))
    sys.exit()

numstr = sys.argv[1]
nums = numstr.strip().split(',')

out = []
length = len(nums)
target = float(sys.argv[2])

for i in range(length):
    n = -1
    while n < (length - 1):
        n += 1
        if n == i: continue
        sums = float(nums[i]) + float(nums[n])
        if sums == target:
            out.append(i)
            out.append(n)
            break
    if len(out) != 0:
        print("The pos of the values is: ", out)
        break
   
if len(out) == 0:
    print("There is no values which could be added to the target!")

二、解法2：利用 hash 来存储另外一个数的差。

时间复杂度：O(N)

import sys

if len(sys.argv) != 3:
    print("Usage: python3 %s <nums> <target>" % (sys.argv[0]))
    sys.exit()

numstr = sys.argv[1]
nums = numstr.strip().split(',')

out = []
tmp = {}
length = len(nums)
target = float(sys.argv[2])

for i in range(length):
    num = float(nums[i])
    remain = target - num
    if remain not in tmp:
        tmp[num] = i
    else:
        out.append(tmp[remain])
        out.append(i)
        print("The pos of the values is: ", out)
        break
   
if len(out) == 0:
    print("There is no values which could be added to the target!")