MVC全名:Model View Controller,其中Model(模型层)、View(视图层)、Controller(控制层)
它是一种软件设计典范,用于业务逻辑处理、数据、界面显示分离。
2. mvc的流程
1. controller 截获用户发出的请求
2. controller调用model完成数据的读取和存储
3. controller把数据传给view
4. view渲染最终结果并呈现给用户
子控制器
package com.leiliang.mvc.framework;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
* 所有子控制器的父类
* @author
*
*/
public abstract class Action {
public abstract String execute(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException ;
}
子控制器子类
package com.leiliang.mvc.action;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import com.leiliang.mvc.framework.Action;
public class HelloAction extends Action {
@Override
public String execute(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
String name="汉堡包";
try {
req.setAttribute("name", name);
req.getRequestDispatcher("index.jsp").forward(req, resp);
} catch (ServletException | IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
}
主控制器
package com.leiliang.mvc.framework;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import com.leiliang.mvc.action.AddAction;
import com.leiliang.mvc.action.HelloAction;
/**
* 中央控制器
* @author
*
*/
public class ActionServlet extends HttpServlet {
private Map<String, Action> map;
@Override
public void init() throws ServletException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
map= new HashMap<String, Action>();
map.put("/helloAction", new HelloAction());
}
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(req, resp);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1、获取到请求路径
String uri = req.getRequestURI();
// /jsp_mvc/helloAction.action
int staruri = uri.lastIndexOf("/");//找到最后一个斜杠
int enduri = uri.lastIndexOf(".action");//找到最后.action
//截取到请求路径
String actionName = uri.substring(staruri, enduri);
//通过actionName获取到对应的子控制器
Action action = map.get(actionName);
//调用父类的方法
action.execute(req, resp);
}
}
MVC的优点在于关注点分享,够灵活,可扩展,可测试性。可在action级别上进行单元测试,MVC不能提升程序执行效率,但是会提升开发效率,提高代码的重用
案例
加减乘除案例
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="addAction.action" method="post">
num1:<input name="num1"/><br/>
num2:<input name="num2"/><br/>
<input type="submit" value="+" name="fuhao"/>
<input type="submit" value="-" name="fuhao"/>
<input type="submit" value="*" name="fuhao"/>
<input type="submit" value="/" name="fuhao"/>
</form>
<h2>${num3 }</h2>
</body>
</html>
form表单提交,然后被主控制器截取到
<servlet>
<servlet-name>ActionServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.liuchunming.mvc.framework.ActionServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ActionServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
进入主控制器的init方法,将某个请求进行存储
private Map<String, Action> map;
@Override
public void init() throws ServletException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
map= new HashMap<String, Action>();
map.put("/helloAction", new HelloAction());
map.put("/addAction", new AddAction());
}
通过请求路径截取后找到对应的子控制器
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1、获取到请求路径
String uri = req.getRequestURI();
// /jsp_mvc/helloAction.action
int staruri = uri.lastIndexOf("/");//找到最后一个斜杠
int enduri = uri.lastIndexOf(".action");//找到最后.action
//截取到请求路径
String actionName = uri.substring(staruri, enduri);
//通过actionName获取到对应的子控制器
Action action = map.get(actionName);
//调用父类的方法
action.execute(req, resp);
}
子控制器子类执行需要实现的方法
package com.leiliang.mvc.action;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import com.leiliang.mvc.framework.Action;
public class AddAction extends Action {
@Override
public String execute(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
int num3=0;
String num1 = req.getParameter("num1");
String num2 = req.getParameter("num2");
String fuhao = req.getParameter("fuhao");
switch (fuhao) {
case "+":
num3 = Integer.parseInt(num1) + Integer.parseInt(num2);
break;
case "-":
num3 = Integer.parseInt(num1) - Integer.parseInt(num2);
break;
case "*":
num3 = Integer.parseInt(num1) * Integer.parseInt(num2);
break;
case "/":
num3 = Integer.parseInt(num1) / Integer.parseInt(num2);
break;
default:num3 = Integer.parseInt(num1) + Integer.parseInt(num2);
break;
}
req.setAttribute("num3", num3);
req.getRequestDispatcher("index.jsp").forward(req, resp);
return null;
}
}
最后运行结果
总结:自定义mvc提升开发效率,提高代码的重用。