报错：Exception: Can not find valid pkg-config name. Specify MYSQLCLIENT_CFLAGS and MYSQLCLIENT_L

背景描述：新安装的Ubuntu22虚拟机，在使用pip安装mysqlclient时出现报错，之前在centos7条件下安装出现同样报错，曾尝试降低mysqlclient版本为2.1.0，虽然可以成功安装，但是执行manage.py的makemigrations命令出现报错，最后猜测为mysqlclient版本不匹配导致。

报错信息：

Collecting mysqlclient
  Using cached mysqlclient-2.2.4.tar.gz (90 kB)
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error
  
  × Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [24 lines of output]
      Trying pkg-config --exists mysqlclient
      Command 'pkg-config --exists mysqlclient' returned non-zero exit status 1.
      Trying pkg-config --exists mariadb
      Command 'pkg-config --exists mariadb' returned non-zero exit status 1.
      Trying pkg-config --exists libmariadb
      Command 'pkg-config --exists libmariadb' returned non-zero exit status 1.
      Traceback (most recent call last):
        File "/home/raven/Documents/meiduo/meiduo_mall/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pep517/in_process/_in_process.py", line 363, in <module>
          main()
        File "/home/raven/Documents/meiduo/meiduo_mall/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pep517/in_process/_in_process.py", line 345, in main
          json_out['return_val'] = hook(**hook_input['kwargs'])
        File "/home/raven/Documents/meiduo/meiduo_mall/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pep517/in_process/_in_process.py", line 130, in get_requires_for_build_wheel
          return hook(config_settings)
        File "/tmp/pip-build-env-sloq6xxj/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 327, in get_requires_for_build_wheel
          return self._get_build_requires(config_settings, requirements=[])
        File "/tmp/pip-build-env-sloq6xxj/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 297, in _get_build_requires
          self.run_setup()
        File "/tmp/pip-build-env-sloq6xxj/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 313, in run_setup
          exec(code, locals())
        File "<string>", line 155, in <module>
        File "<string>", line 49, in get_config_posix
        File "<string>", line 28, in find_package_name
      Exception: Can not find valid pkg-config name.
      Specify MYSQLCLIENT_CFLAGS and MYSQLCLIENT_LDFLAGS env vars manually
      [end of output]
  
  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: subprocess-exited-with-error

× Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> See above for output.

note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.

解决过程：

1.检查pkg-config包是否安装

sudo apt install pkg-config

2.安装mysql开发工具

sudo apt install libmysqlclient-dev

3.安装mysql服务器开发工具

sudo apt install libmysqld-dev

4.重新安装mysqlclient

pip install mysqlclient

问题解决