28.0、Shiro项目简单初体验

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本文介绍了Apache Shiro的基本概念、功能以及一个简单的Java项目实践，包括依赖配置、log4j设置、shiro.ini文件编写和Quickstart.java的使用，展示了如何通过Shiro进行认证、授权和会话管理。

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28.0、Shiro项目简单初体验

什么是Shiro？

·Apache Shiro是一个java的安全（权限）框架。

·Shiro可以非常容易的开发出足够好的应用，其不仅可以用在javaSE环境，也可以用在javaEE环境

·Shiro可以完成，认证、授权、加密、会话管理、web集成、缓存等。

·下载地址：Apache Shiro | Simple. Java. Security.

有哪些功能呢？

Shiro架构（外部）

从外部来看Shiro，即从应用程序角度来观察如何使用shiro完成工作

Subject：应用代码直接交互的对象是subject，也就是说Shiro的对外API核心就是subject，subject代表了当前的用户，这个用户不一定是一个具体的人，与当前应用交互的任何东西都是subject，如网络爬虫，机器人等，与subject的所有交互斗湖委托给SecurityMnager；subject其实是一个门面，SecurityManager才是一个实际的执行者。

SecurityManager：安全管理器，即所有与安全有关的操作都会与SecurityManager交互，并且他管理着所有与的subject，可以看出他是Shiro的核心，他负责Shiro的其他组件进行交互，它相当于Springmvc的DispacherServlet的角色。

Realm:Shiro从Realm获取安全数据（如用户、角色、权限），就是说SecurityManager要验证用户身份，那么他需要从Realm获取相应的用户进行比较，来确定用户的身份是否合法；也需要从Realm得到用户相应的角色、权限、进行验证用户的操作是否能够进行，可以吧Realm看成DataSource；

简单Shiro项目体验：

第一步：导入相关依赖

<dependencies>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.shiro/shiro-core -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
        <artifactId>shiro-core</artifactId>
        <version>1.7.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- configure logging -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
        <version>1.7.21</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
        <version>1.7.21</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>log4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
        <version>1.2.17</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

第二步：配置log4j.properties文件

log4j.rootLogger=INFO, stdout

log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - %m %n

# General Apache libraries
log4j.logger.org.apache=WARN

# Spring
log4j.logger.org.springframework=WARN

# Default Shiro logging
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro=INFO

# Disable verbose logging
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro.util.ThreadContext=WARN
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro.cache.ehcache.EhCache=WARN

第三步：在resources文件夹下创建一个shiro.ini文件如下

[users]
# user 'root' with password 'secret' and the 'admin' role
root = secret, admin
# user 'guest' with the password 'guest' and the 'guest' role
guest = guest, guest
# user 'presidentskroob' with password '12345' ("That's the same combination on
# my luggage!!!" ;)), and role 'president'
presidentskroob = 12345, president
# user 'darkhelmet' with password 'ludicrousspeed' and roles 'darklord' and 'schwartz'
darkhelmet = ludicrousspeed, darklord, schwartz
# user 'lonestarr' with password 'vespa' and roles 'goodguy' and 'schwartz'
lonestarr = vespa, goodguy, schwartz

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Roles with assigned permissions
#
# Each line conforms to the format defined in the
# org.apache.shiro.realm.text.TextConfigurationRealm#setRoleDefinitions JavaDoc
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[roles]
# 'admin' role has all permissions, indicated by the wildcard '*'
admin = *
# The 'schwartz' role can do anything (*) with any lightsaber:
schwartz = lightsaber:*
# The 'goodguy' role is allowed to 'drive' (action) the winnebago (type) with
# license plate 'eagle5' (instance specific id)
goodguy = winnebago:drive:eagle5

第四步：创建一个Quickstart.java文件

import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.*;
import org.apache.shiro.config.IniSecurityManagerFactory;
import org.apache.shiro.mgt.SecurityManager;
import org.apache.shiro.session.Session;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject;
import org.apache.shiro.util.Factory;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;


/**
 * Simple Quickstart application showing how to use Shiro's API.
 *
 * @since 0.9 RC2
 */
public class Quickstart {

    private static final transient Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Quickstart.class);

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Factory<SecurityManager> factory = new IniSecurityManagerFactory("classpath:shiro.ini");
        SecurityManager securityManager = factory.getInstance();
        SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(securityManager);

        // Now that a simple Shiro environment is set up, let's see what you can do:

        // get the currently executing user:
        //获取当前的用户对象
        Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();

        // Do some stuff with a Session (no need for a web or EJB container!!!)
        //通过当前用户拿到session
        Session session = currentUser.getSession();
        session.setAttribute("someKey", "aValue");
        String value = (String) session.getAttribute("someKey");
        if (value.equals("aValue")) {
            log.info("Retrieved the correct value! [" + value + "]");
        }
//判断当前用户是否被认证
        //Token:没有获取,直接设置令牌
        if (!currentUser.isAuthenticated()) {
            UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken("lonestarr", "vespa");
            token.setRememberMe(true);//设置记住我
            try {
                currentUser.login(token);//执行登录操作
            } catch (UnknownAccountException uae) {
                log.info("There is no user with username of " + token.getPrincipal());
            } catch (IncorrectCredentialsException ice) {
                log.info("Password for account " + token.getPrincipal() + " was incorrect!");
            } catch (LockedAccountException lae) {
                log.info("The account for username " + token.getPrincipal() + " is locked.  " +
                        "Please contact your administrator to unlock it.");
            }
            // ... catch more exceptions here (maybe custom ones specific to your application?
            catch (AuthenticationException ae) {
                //unexpected condition?  error?
            }
        }
        //say who they are:
        //print their identifying principal (in this case, a username):
        log.info("User [" + currentUser.getPrincipal() + "] logged in successfully.");
        //test a role:
        if (currentUser.hasRole("schwartz")) {
            log.info("May the Schwartz be with you!");
        } else {
            log.info("Hello, mere mortal.");
        }
        //粗粒度
        //test a typed permission (not instance-level)
        if (currentUser.isPermitted("lightsaber:wield")) {
            log.info("You may use a lightsaber ring.  Use it wisely.");
        } else {
            log.info("Sorry, lightsaber rings are for schwartz masters only.");
        }
        //细粒度
        //a (very powerful) Instance Level permission:
        if (currentUser.isPermitted("winnebago:drive:eagle5")) {
            log.info("You are permitted to 'drive' the winnebago with license plate (id) 'eagle5'.  " +
                    "Here are the keys - have fun!");
        } else {
            log.info("Sorry, you aren't allowed to drive the 'eagle5' winnebago!");
        }
        //注销
        //all done - log out!
        currentUser.logout();
        //结束
        System.exit(0);
    }
}

第五步：执行运行Quickstart.main()方法

如下图运行成功