在学习java程序初始化时碰到的问题及解决

起因：代码里a=2前不加int，声明在后面，不懂为啥

public class TestStatic{
  static {a=2;}
  static int a=1;
  static int b=3;
  static {b=4;}
  public static void main(String[] args){
    System.out.println(a);
    System.out.println(b);}
  }
}

去stackoverflow提问后总结大佬们的回答：

1.局部变量是在赋值前必须先声明，代码里a不是局部变量，a是类变量

局部变量的作用域是声明了这个变量到block的最后。而不管静态还是非静态的字段（feilds）都是成员，作用域是整个类：

The scope of a declaration of a member m declared in or inherited by a class or interface C (§8.2, §9.2) is the entire body of C, including any nested class or interface declarations. If C is a record class, then the scope of m additionally includes the header of the record declaration of C.

 a的作用域是整个testStatic，所以声明前也能用，和在函数定义前调用函数是一个道理

void f() {
    g(); // can call g here!
}

void g() {}

但以下情况会报错：

class Foo {
    static int b = a; // changing this to Foo.a works
    static int a = 0;
}

 因为：给类变量赋值的引用出现以下情况会报错：1.引用是类变量的初始化或是在类的静态初始化程序（静态代码块）里。2.。。。。不会翻译了我擦唉

References to a field are sometimes restricted, even through the field is in scope. The following rules constrain forward references to a field (where the use textually precedes the field declaration) as well as self-reference (where the field is used in its own initializer).

For a reference by simple name to a class variable f declared in class or interface C, it is a compile-time error if:

• The reference appears either in a class variable initializer of C or in a static initializer of C (§8.7); and

• The reference appears either in the initializer of f's own declarator or at a point to the left of f's declarator; and

• The reference is not on the left hand side of an assignment expression (§15.26); and

• The innermost class or interface enclosing the reference is C.

• 参见8.3.3章节的文档Chapter 8. Classes (oracle.com)

2.java - In what order do static blocks and initialization blocks execute when using inheritance? - Stack Overflow