OpenCV中Mat元素的访问及效率对比

1.测试用例：

        给定一个10000×10000大小的三通道Mat及单通道Mat，像素值全为0，现分别逐一修改为（120, 220, 300）以及180，测量各种方法的运行时间。

2.Mat元素访问方式对比

(1) 使用.at方式

#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <time.h>

using namespace std;
using namespace cv;

int main()
{	
	Mat img1(10000, 10000, CV_64FC3, Scalar(0, 0, 0));
	Mat img2(10000, 10000, CV_64FC1, Scalar(0));

	// 三通道图像
	clock_t start1, end1;
	start1 = clock();

	for (int i = 0; i < img1.rows; ++i) {
		for (int j = 0; j < img1.cols; ++j) {
			img1.at<Vec3d>(i, j)[0] = 120;
			img1.at<Vec3d>(i, j)[1] = 220;
			img1.at<Vec3d>(i, j)[2] = 300;
		}
	}

	end1 = clock();
	double time1 = double(end1 - start1) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC;

	// 单通道图像
	clock_t start2, end2;
	start2 = clock();

	for (int i = 0; i < img2.rows; ++i) {
		for (int j = 0; j < img2.cols; ++j) {
			img2.at <double> (i, j) = 180;
		}
	}

	end2 = clock();
	double time2 = double(end2 - start2) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC;

	cout << "  三通道Mat的运行时间为：" << time1 << " 秒" << endl;
	cout << "  单通道Mat的运行时间为：" << time2 << " 秒" << endl;
	return 0;

}

运行结果：

Release模式下：

 

Debug模式下：

 (2) 使用.ptr方式

#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <time.h>

using namespace std;
using namespace cv;

int main()
{	
	Mat img1(10000, 10000, CV_64FC3, Scalar(0, 0, 0));
	Mat img2(10000, 10000, CV_64FC1, Scalar(0));

	// 三通道图像
	clock_t start1, end1;
	start1 = clock();

	for (int i = 0; i < img1.rows; ++i) {
		for (int j = 0; j < img1.cols; ++j) {
			double *ptr = img1.ptr<double>(i, j);
			ptr[0] = 120;
			ptr[1] = 220;
			ptr[2] = 300;
		}
	}

	end1 = clock();
	double time1 = double(end1 - start1) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC;

	// 单通道图像
	clock_t start2, end2;
	start2 = clock();

	for (int i = 0; i < img2.rows; ++i) {
		double *ptr = img2.ptr<double>(i);
		for (int j = 0; j < img2.cols; ++j) {
			ptr[j] = 180;
		}
	}

	end2 = clock();
	double time2 = double(end2 - start2) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC;

	cout << "  三通道Mat的运行时间为：" << time1 << " 秒" << endl;
	cout << "  单通道Mat的运行时间为：" << time2 << " 秒" << endl;
	return 0;
}

运行结果：

Release模式下：

 Debug模式下：

 (3) 使用迭代器方式

#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <time.h>

using namespace std;
using namespace cv;

int main()
{
	Mat img1(10000, 10000, CV_64FC3, Scalar(0, 0, 0));
	Mat img2(10000, 10000, CV_64FC1, Scalar(0));

	// 三通道图像
	clock_t start1, end1;
	start1 = clock();

	Mat_<Vec3d>::iterator it1 = img1.begin<Vec3d>();
	Mat_<Vec3d>::iterator itend1 = img1.end<Vec3d>();

	for (; it1 != itend1; ++it1) {
		(*it1)[0] = 120;
		(*it1)[1] = 220;
		(*it1)[2] = 300;
	}

	end1 = clock();
	double time1 = double(end1 - start1) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC;

	// 单通道图像
	clock_t start2, end2;
	start2 = clock();

	Mat_<double>::iterator it2 = img2.begin<double>();
	Mat_<double>::iterator itend2 = img2.end <double> ();

	for (; it2 != itend2; ++it2) {
		(*it2) = 180;
	}

	end2 = clock();
	double time2 = double(end2 - start2) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC;

	cout << "  三通道Mat的运行时间为：" << time1 << " 秒" << endl;
	cout << "  单通道Mat的运行时间为：" << time2 << " 秒" << endl;
	return 0;
}

运行结果：

Release模式下：

 Debug模式下：

3.总 结

在Release模式下，三种方式的差异不大。在Debug模式下，运行时间：.Ptr < 迭代器 < .at

后续会继续补充测量其他访问方式......