Python虚拟环境搭建

方案一：pyenv

1、安装编译环境
[root@localhost ~]# yum install gcc make patch gdbm-devel openssl-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel zlib-devel bzip2-devel -y
 
2、创建普通用户 并切换
[root@localhost ~]# useradd python 
[root@localhost ~]# echo python | passwd --stdin python
[root@localhost ~]# su - python
 
3、解压 pyenv的源码包 （或者使用github的脚本安装）此处为了方便，直接使用源码包编译
[python@localhost ~]$ tar -xvf pyenv-install.tar.gz
[python@localhost ~]$ ll -a
drwxr-xr-x  14 python python    4096 May 24 20:42 .pyenv
 
4、编译
[python@localhost ~]$ cd ~/.pyenv/ && src/configure && make -C src/
 
5、添加环境变量
echo 'export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"' >> ~/.bashrc
echo 'export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bashrc
echo 'eval "$(pyenv init --path)"' >> ~/.bashrc
echo 'eval "$(pyenv init -)"' >> ~/.bashrc
echo 'eval "$(pyenv virtualenv-init -)"' >> ~/.bashrc
 
6、source 环境变量
[python@localhost ~]$ source ~/.bashrc
	
7、安装python多版本（由于直接安装太慢  可以建立缓存,后安装）
[python@localhost ~]$ mkdir  .pyenv/cache
[python@localhost ~]$ ll .pyenv/cache/
total 34656
-rw-r--r-- 1 python python 17212164 May 24 07:52 Python-3.6.9.tar.xz
-rw-r--r-- 1 python python 18271736 May 24 07:52 Python-3.8.8.tar.xz
[python@localhost ~]$ pyenv install 3.6.9 -vvv
[python@localhost ~]$ pyenv install 3.8.8 -vvv
[python@localhost ~]$ pyenv version
    system (set by /home/python/.pyenv/version)
    #当前python版本，system表示当前操作系统使用的版本
[python@localhost ~]$ pyenv versions
    * system (set by /home/python/.pyenv/version)
      3.6.9
      3.8.8
    #查看所有已经安装版本，*星号表示当前版本
 
9、创建虚拟环境
[python@localhost ~]$ mkdir projects/{cmdb369,cmdb388} -p
[python@localhost ~]$ cd projects/cmdb369/
 
#基于 Python3.6.9 创建虚拟环境 py69
[python@localhost cmdb369]$ pyenv virtualenv 3.6.9 py369
#切换当前项目目录的虚拟环境为py369
[python@localhost cmdb369]$ pyenv local py369
(py369) [python@localhost cmdb369]$ 
(py369) [python@localhost cmdb369]$ 
(py369) [python@localhost cmdb369]$ python -V
Python 3.6.9
 
#基于 Python3.8.8 创建虚拟环境 py88
[python@localhost cmdb388]$ pyenv virtualenv 3.8.8 py388
#切换当前项目目录的虚拟环境为py388
[python@localhost cmdb388]$ pyenv local py388
(py388) [python@localhost cmdb388]$ 
(py388) [python@localhost cmdb388]$ 
(py388) [python@localhost cmdb388]$ python -V
Python 3.8.8
 

方案二：virtulenv

1、安装编译所需的编译环境，
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel  readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel libffi-devel gcc make patch sqlite-devel zlib-devel -y
 
2、源码编译安装不同版本的 Python（Python3.6.9 Python3.8.8）
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /usr/local/python36
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /usr/local/python38
[root@localhost ~]# tar -xvf Python-3.6.9.tar.xz
[root@localhost ~]# cd Python-3.6.9/ && ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python36/ && make && make install
 
[root@localhost ~]# tar -xvf Python-3.8.8.tar.xz
[root@localhost ~]# cd Python-3.8.8/ && ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python38/ && make && make install
 
3、安装virtualenv 虚拟环境管理工具
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install python-pip
[root@localhost ~]# pip install virtualenv
[root@localhost ~]# alternatives --config python3
#配置选择当前的Python版本
4、创建Python用户，切换至Python用户进行Python安装
[root@localhost ~]# useradd python
[root@localhost ~]# echo python | passwd --stdin python
[root@localhost ~]# su - python
 
5、创建项目目录projects/{cmdb369,cmdb388}
[python@localhost ~]$ mkdir devops/{venvs,projects/{cmdb369,cmdb388}} -p
 
6、创建venvs 环境存放目录（需要用时source就可以）
#创建虚拟环境（cmdb369 | cmdb388）
[python@localhost venvs]$ cd ~/devops/venvs/
[python@localhost venvs]$ virtualenv -p /usr/local/python36/bin/python3.6 vcmdb366
[python@localhost venvs]$ virtualenv -p /usr/local/python38/bin/python3.8 vcmdb388
[python@localhost venvs]$ ll
total 0
drwxrwxr-x 4 python python 64 May 24 23:57 vcmdb366
drwxrwxr-x 4 python python 64 May 24 23:57 vcmdb388
 
7、切换至项目目录
[python@localhost cmdb369]$ pwd
/home/python/devops/projects/cmdb369
 
8、开启对应的虚拟环境
[python@localhost cmdb369]$ source ~/devops/venvs/vcmdb366/bin/activate
(vcmdb366) [python@localhost cmdb369]$ 
 
9、退出虚拟环境
[python@localhost cmdb369]$ deactivate
(vcmdb366) [python@localhost cmdb369]$