创建一个简单的mvc项目

程序员阿酷

已于 2024-03-11 10:30:42 修改

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分类专栏：三阶段转载笔记文章标签： java python perl

于 2021-06-28 19:00:18 首次发布

原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_16804847/article/details/118294834

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1. 构建SpringMVC项目

1.1 代码结构

在这里插入图片描述

1.2 编辑UserController

用户通过:http://localhost:8090/findAll查询数据
在这里插入图片描述

1.3 编辑UserService

利用MP实现数据全部查询.
在这里插入图片描述

1.4 效果测试

在这里插入图片描述

2. JSON结构

2.1 JSON介绍

JSON(JavaScript Object Notation) 是一种轻量级的数据交换格式。它使得人们很容易的进行阅读和编写。同时也方便了机器进行解析和生成。它是基于 JavaScript Programming Language , Standard ECMA-262 3rd Edition - December 1999 的一个子集。 JSON采用完全独立于程序语言的文本格式，但是也使用了类C语言的习惯（包括C, C++, C#, Java, JavaScript, Perl, Python等）。这些特性使JSON成为理想的数据交换语言。

由来: http请求协议 1.字符串 2.字节信息 A------B获取数据 http请求

2.2 JSON基本格式

2.2.1 对象格式

demo1:

{"id":1,"name":"黑熊精","age":3000,"sex":"男"}

   
   
   
   1

在这里插入图片描述

2.2.2 数组格式

demo:

	["张三","李四","不知火舞"]

   
   
   
   1

在这里插入图片描述

2.3 嵌套格式

demo:

[{"id":1,"name":"黑熊精","age":3000,"sex":"男"},{"id":3,"name":"金角大王","age":3000,"sex":"男"}]

   
   
   
   1

在这里插入图片描述
扩展练习: 要求实现4层结构嵌套

[1,"张三",{"id":100,"name":"李四","hobby":["敲代码","打游戏",{"gender":"女"}]}]

   
   
   
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3. 实现前后端交互

3.1 构建页面

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
	<!-- 后端开发工程: 简单页面会写,复杂页面看懂即可 -->
	<head>
		<meta charset="utf-8">
		<title>前后端交互</title>
	</head>
	<body>
		<!-- 需要准备一个表格,展现user的数据 -->
		<table border="1px" width="80%" align="center">
			<tr align="center" height="60px">
				<th colspan="5"><h1>用户列表</h1></th>
			</tr>
			<tr align="center" height="60px">
				<th>编号</th>
				<th>名称</th>
				<th>年龄</th>
				<th>性别</th>
				<th>操作</th>
			</tr>
			<tr align="center" height="60px">
				<th>1</th>
				<th>黑熊精</th>
				<th>3000</th>
				<th>男</th>
				<th></th>
			</tr>
			<tr align="center" height="60px">
				<th>2</th>
				<th>唐僧</th>
				<th>30</th>
				<th>男</th>
				<th></th>
			</tr>
		</table>
	</body>
</html>

   
   
   
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3.2 jQuery动态获取数据

3.2.1 下载jQuery.js

1).官网地址: jquery.com
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2). 下载JS

3.2.2 导入函数类库

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
	<!-- 后端开发工程: 简单页面会写,复杂页面看懂即可 -->
	<head>
		<meta charset="utf-8">
		<title>前后端交互</title>
	<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">!</span><span class="token operator">--</span> 导入JS函数类库 <span class="token operator">--</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
	<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>script src<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"./jquery-3.6.0.min.js"</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>script<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
	<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script<span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
		<span class="token comment">//jQuery语法: 让整个页面浏览器加载完成之后,再次执行JS</span>
		$<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">function</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
			<span class="token function">alert</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"页面加载完成"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
			<span class="token comment">//要求从后端http://localhost:8090/findAll</span>
			<span class="token comment">//获取数据,之后将数据页面列表展现</span>
		<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
	<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>script<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>head<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>body<span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
	<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">!</span><span class="token operator">--</span> 需要准备一个表格<span class="token punctuation">,</span>展现user的数据 <span class="token operator">--</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
	<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>table border<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"1px"</span> width<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"80%"</span> align<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"center"</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
		<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>tr align<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"center"</span> height<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"60px"</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
			<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>th colspan<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"5"</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>h1<span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>用户列表<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>h1<span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>th<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
		<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>tr<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
		<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>tr align<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"center"</span> height<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"60px"</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
			<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>th<span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>编号<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>th<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
			<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>th<span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>名称<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>th<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
			<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>th<span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>年龄<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>th<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
			<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>th<span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>性别<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>th<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
			<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>th<span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>操作<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>th<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
		<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>tr<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
		<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>tr align<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"center"</span> height<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"60px"</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
			<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>th<span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>th<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
			<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>th<span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>黑熊精<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>th<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
			<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>th<span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token number">3000</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>th<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
			<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>th<span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>男<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>th<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
			<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>th<span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>th<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
		<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>tr<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
		<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>tr align<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"center"</span> height<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"60px"</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
			<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>th<span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>th<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
			<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>th<span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>唐僧<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>th<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
			<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>th<span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token number">30</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>th<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
			<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>th<span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>男<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>th<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
			<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>th<span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>th<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
		<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>tr<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
	<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>table<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>body<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>

</html>

3.3 Ajax

3.3.1 特点

局部刷新异步访问

3.3.2 Ajax说明

说明: Ajax是实现前后端交互,最为常用的一种方式.
发展:
1. 原生的JS中包含了Ajax. 但是操作比较复杂. 20行左右
2. jQuery是JS的一种高级函数类库.
3. jQuery提供了一种高效的Ajax的请求的方式.
展望:
现阶段所使用的Ajax是由jQuery进行的动态的封装.,如果将来的前端不使用jQuery则应该采用另外的一种形式发起Ajax请求.

3.3.3 Ajax异步调用原理

同步: 用户发起请求时,要求第一时间服务器做出响应.在此期间用户不可以做其它操作,只能等待服务器返回数据. 刷新1次.

异步: 用户发起请求时,要求服务器做出响应.在此期间用户可以做其它的操作.如果后端服务器返回数据则通过回调函数通知客户. 局部刷新多次.
在这里插入图片描述

3.3.4 常见请求类型

GET 如果携带参数已如下格式展现参数 id=100,name=“tom”
http://localhost:8090/findAll?id=100&name=tom

3.4 Ajax实现数据获取

3.4.1 $.ajax请求

<script>
			//jQuery语法: 让整个页面浏览器加载完成之后,再次执行JS
			$(function(){
				/**
				 * data参数传递：  id=100,name=tom age=18
				 * 	1.对象方式数据传参
				 * 		语法: {key:value,key2:value2}
				 *  2.拼接字符串的方式
				 * 		语法: key1=value1&key2=value2
				 */
				$.ajax({
					type: "get",	//请求类型
					url:  "http://localhost:8090/findAll", //url地址
					data: {id:100,name:"tom",age:18},
					//data: "id=100&name=tom&age=18",		   //参数
					success: function(data){
						console.log(data)
					}
				})
			})
		</script>

 
 
 
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3.4.2 跨域请求实现

由于是跨域请求,则需要添加@CrossOrigin的注解.
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3.4.3 关于Ajax返回值数据说明

说明: 后台服务器返回的是JSON串,但是经过Ajax业务调用,则程序会自动的根据返回值类型进行解析.解析之后形成了JS的对象.
API说明:
预期服务器返回的数据类型。如果不指定，jQuery 将自动根据 HTTP 包 MIME 信息来智能判断，比如XML MIME类型就被识别为XML。
在这里插入图片描述
虽然服务器的返回值是JSON,但是经过Ajax智能的判断,则动态的转化为JS的对象.

3.4.4 JS原生for循环写法

3.4.4.1 原生写法

for(var i=0;i<data.length;i++){
	console.log(data[i])
}

 
 
 
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3.4.4.2 in关键字

说明: 其中index代表的是遍历的下标. 从0开始 0,1,2,3…

for(index in data){
	console.log(data[index])
}

 
 
 
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3.4.4.3 of关键字

说明: 其中user代表的是遍历的对象. 更加常用

for(user of data){
	console.log(user )
}

 
 
 
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3.4.5 JS模版字符串语法

说明: 原生的JS中经常出现字符串拼接的现象.
弊端:
1. 如果换行,则需要重新编辑字符串.("号)
2. 如果其中需要动态的拼接参数则结构复杂
在这里插入图片描述
3.使用原生的字符串拼接没有数据结构,导致阅读混乱.

优化: ES6-7 提供了新的模版语法反引号. 作用:动态拼接字符串.
在这里插入图片描述

3.4.6 JS实现user表格展现

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
	<!-- 后端开发工程: 简单页面会写,复杂页面看懂即可 -->
	<head>
		<meta charset="utf-8">
		<title>前后端交互</title>
	<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">!</span><span class="token operator">--</span> 导入JS函数类库 <span class="token operator">--</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
	<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>script src<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"./jquery-3.6.0.min.js"</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>script<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
	<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script<span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
		<span class="token comment">//jQuery语法: 让整个页面浏览器加载完成之后,再次执行JS</span>
		$<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">function</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
			<span class="token comment">/**
			 * data参数传递：  id=100,name=tom age=18
			 * 	1.对象方式数据传参
			 * 		语法: {key:value,key2:value2}
			 *  2.拼接字符串的方式
			 * 		语法: key1=value1&amp;key2=value2
			 *
			 * 
			 */</span>
			$<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ajax</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
				type<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"get"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>	<span class="token comment">//请求类型</span>
				url<span class="token operator">:</span>  <span class="token string">"http://localhost:8090/findAll"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">//url地址</span>
				<span class="token comment">//data: {id:100,name:"tom",age:18},</span>
				<span class="token comment">//data: "id=100&amp;name=tom&amp;age=18",		   //参数</span>
				<span class="token comment">//dataType: "json"</span>
				success<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token function">function</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>	<span class="token comment">//[{},{},{}]</span>
					<span class="token comment">//将data中的数据添加到表格中???</span>
					<span class="token comment">//JS原生函数 in关键字遍历的是下标</span>
					<span class="token comment">//JS原生函数 of关键字遍历的是对象</span>
					<span class="token keyword">for</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>user of data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
						<span class="token comment">/* let id = user.id
						let name = user.name
						let age = user.age
						let sex = user.sex */</span>
						<span class="token comment">//${对象.属性值} 动态的获取数据.</span>
						let tr <span class="token operator">=</span> `
							<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>tr align<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'center'</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
								<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>td<span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>$<span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>user<span class="token punctuation">.</span>id<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>td<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
								<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>td<span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>$<span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>user<span class="token punctuation">.</span>name<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>td<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
								<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>td<span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>$<span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>user<span class="token punctuation">.</span>age<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>td<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
								<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>td<span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>$<span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>user<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sex<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>td<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
							<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>tr<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
						`
						<span class="token comment">//append将指定的元素进行追加</span>
						$<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"#tab1"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">append</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tr<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
					<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
				<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
			<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
		<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
	<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>script<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>head<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>body<span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
	<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">!</span><span class="token operator">--</span> 需要准备一个表格<span class="token punctuation">,</span>展现user的数据 <span class="token operator">--</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
	<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>table id<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"tab1"</span> border<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"1px"</span> width<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"80%"</span> align<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"center"</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
		<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>tr align<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"center"</span> height<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"60px"</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
			<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>th colspan<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"5"</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>h1<span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>用户列表<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>h1<span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>th<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
		<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>tr<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
		<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>tr align<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"center"</span> height<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"60px"</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
			<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>th<span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>编号<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>th<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
			<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>th<span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>名称<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>th<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
			<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>th<span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>年龄<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>th<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
			<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>th<span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>性别<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>th<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
			<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>th<span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>操作<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>th<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
		<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>tr<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
	<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>table<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>body<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>

</html>

3.5 JS变量基本用法

3.5.1 var关键字

var id: 表示定义一个变量名称为ID. 该变量相当于在全局范围内声明了一个变量.
该变量声明没有作用域的概念(哪哪都能用).
弊端: 由于没有作用域的规定,导致变量使用混乱.

3.5.2 let 关键字

说明: 从新版本的JS开始,兼容支持let.该关键字的用法与var一样.但是有作用域的范围.更加的通用.

3.5.3 const关键字

说明: 该关键字用来标识常量, 该数据不变.

3.6 关于Ajax总结

Ajax 是局部刷新,异步访问.
Ajax异步的核心在于 Ajax引擎(代理).
Ajax请求调用时,无论是否成功,都通过回调函数的方式进行. success/error
Ajax参数传递写法 2种 1.对象写法 {key:value,key2:value2}
2.字符串拼接 key=value&key2=value2
for循环方式 1.常规方式循环 2. in 3.of
模版字符串用法 ``号取值 ${key}
定义变量用let 定义常量用const

4. 跨域说明

4.1 同源策略

4.1.1 同源策略介绍

规定: 如果浏览器的网址与Ajax请求网址必须满足同源策略.则浏览器才能解析Ajax,执行正确的请求.

什么是同源策略:
规定要求 请求协议://域名:端口号
1.如果3者都满足,则符合同源策略.浏览器可以正确解析.
2.反之(有一个不满足)不满足同源策略.称之为跨域请求. 则浏览器不能正常解析Ajax请求.

4.1.2 关于同源策略练习

浏览器地址: http://localhost:8090/userList.html
Ajax请求地址: http://localhost:8090/abc/b 满足同源策略
浏览器地址: http://localhost:80/userList.html
Ajax请求地址: http://localhost:8090/abc/b 端口不同跨域请求
浏览器地址: http://localhost:8090/userList.html
Ajax请求地址: https://localhost:8090/abc/b 协议不同,跨域请求
manage.jt.com 对应的IP假设为10.6.6.8
浏览器地址: http://manage.jt.com/userList.html
Ajax请求地址: http://10.6.6.8/abc/b 跨域请求域名不同(即使映射也是跨域)
浏览器地址: http://manage.jt.com:/userList.html http协议默认端口80
Ajax请求地址: http://manage.jt.com:80/aaa/bbb 同域请求