Django框架前后端通信打通实战(PyCharm高级版)

1.创建django项目并做好相关配置

首先在pycharm高级版中创建django项目

(1)选择左上角的四条小横线,然后找到文件下面的新建项目并点击,如下图:

(2)点击完上图的新建项目之后,来到下面的页面.  然后点击左上角的Django,然后设置文件的位置,之后将模版文件夹的template这个单词清空,最后在应用程序名称填上app,而后点击创建,django项目就创建完成了,剩下的就是在创建完成之后的一些配置了.

(3) 创建完成django之后,在app应用下一定要创建urls.py文件,用来写路由.

(4).在下面那个urls.py文件中写入如下代码:

"""login_hou URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
    1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path,include

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('app/', include('app.urls')),
]

(5).之后要在settings.py文件中一般是第43行写上  'corsheaders' (如果你是社区版,你还需要另外写一行代码'app'),将50行 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware'注释掉(不注释的话,无法完成添加功能),在54行加上 'corsheaders.middleware.CorsMiddleware',在56行加上CORS_ORIGIN_ALLOW_ALL = True 这串代码,如下图所示   当然了,你在vscode中配置前后端连接的话就不用在后端配置第(4)步了

如果你在vscode中配置前后端连接,如下图,在 vue.config.js中如下配置:切记前后端口号要保持一致

(6). 配置数据库,将你提前创建好的数据库写到DATABASES中:

注意ENGING最后一个单词要改成mysql,NAME对应你数据库名字

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'login_di4zhou',
        'PASSWORD': 'root',
        'USER': 'root',
        'HOST': '127.0.0.1',
    }
}

(7).在app应用下找到models.py文件,写数据库所需字段,注意继承 Model:代码如下

from django.db import models


# Create your models here.

class Users(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=64)
    pwd = models.IntegerField()


class People(models.Model):
    img = models.CharField(max_length=64)
    age = models.IntegerField(default=0)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=64)
    addr = models.CharField(max_length=64)
    sex = models.CharField(max_length=64)
    status = models.BooleanField(default=True)
    isdel = models.IntegerField(default=1)
    create_time = models.BigIntegerField(default=1715994190738)

上面我所写的代码, BigIntegerField 一般用来定义时间戳所用到,default是默认值

你所需要的字段全部定义完成之后需要先迁移表然后再生成表,代码依次在终端输入:

python manage.py makemigrations
 

python manage.py migrate   

记得小皮一定要提前启动嗷

然后你就会发现你的navicat中出现了你所需要的那些字段

(8).在views.py中写你的后端接口,下面我将展示一下我自己写的增,删,改,查,搜索,分页,批量删除,登录,的接口:

import json
import time

from django.db.models import Q
from django.http import JsonResponse
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.views import View

from app.models import *


# Create your views here.

class UsersView(View):
    # 登录
    def post(self, request):
        user_data = json.loads(request.body)
        try:
            user = Users.objects.get(name=user_data['name'], pwd=user_data['pwd'])
            return JsonResponse({
                'msg': '200',
                'data': {'name': user.name, 'pwd': user.pwd}
            })
        except:
            return JsonResponse({
                'msg': '400',

            })

    # 修改数据
    def put(self, request):
        new_people = json.loads(request.body)
        print(new_people)
        People.objects.filter(id=new_people['id']).update(
            name=new_people['name'],
            addr=new_people['addr'],
            sex=new_people['sex'],
            status=new_people['status'],
            age=new_people['age'],
            img=new_people['img'],
            create_time=new_people['create_time']

        )
        return JsonResponse({
            'msg': '200'
        })


class PeopleView(View):
    # 数据渲染
    def get(self, request):
        isdel = int(request.GET.get('isdel', 1))
        key = request.GET.get('key', '')
        min = request.GET.get('min', '')
        max = request.GET.get('max', '')
        s_time = int(request.GET.get('s_time', 0))
        e_time = int(request.GET.get('e_time', 0))
        people = People.objects.all().filter(isdel=isdel)
        # Q查询搜索
        q = Q()
        if key != '':
            q.add(('name__contains', key), 'AND')
        if min != '':
            q.add(('age__gte', min), 'AND')
        if max != '':
            q.add(('age__lte', max), 'AND')
        if s_time >0:
            q.add(('create_time__gte', s_time), 'AND')
        if e_time >0:
            q.add(('create_time__lte', e_time), 'AND')
        people = people.filter(q)
        print(people)
        # 分页
        page = int(request.GET.get('page', 1))
        pagesize = int(request.GET.get('pagesize', 2))
        peoples = people.count()
        start = (page - 1) * pagesize
        end = page * pagesize
        people = people[start:end]
        people_list = []
        for i in people:
            people_list.append({
                'id': i.id,
                'name': i.name,
                'addr': i.addr,
                'sex': i.sex,
                'status': i.status,
                'age': i.age,
                'img': i.img,
                'create_time': i.create_time
            })
        return JsonResponse({
            'data': people_list,
            'peoples': peoples
        })

    # 添加数据
    def post(self, request):
        new_people = json.loads(request.body)
        People.objects.create(
            name=new_people['name'],
            addr=new_people['addr'],
            sex=new_people['sex'],
            status=new_people['status'],
            age=new_people['age'],
            img=new_people['img'],
            create_time=int(time.time() * 1000)
        )
        return JsonResponse({
            'msg': '200'
        })

    # 状态修改
    def put(self, request):
        id = request.GET.get('id')
        people = People.objects.get(id=id)
        if people.status == True:
            people.status = False
        else:
            people.status = True
        people.save()
        return JsonResponse({
            'msg': '200'
        })

    # 单独删除/批量删除
    def delete(self, request):
        isdel = request.GET.get('isdel')
        ids = request.GET.get('id')
        id_list = ids.split(',')
        for id in id_list:
            people = People.objects.get(id=id)
            people.isdel = isdel
            people.save()
        return JsonResponse({
            'msg': '200'
        })

(9).在app应用下面的urls.py文件中定义路由,如下:

from django.urls import path,include

from app.views import *

urlpatterns = [
    path('UsersView/', UsersView.as_view()),
    path('PeopleView/', PeopleView.as_view()),

]

补充:pycharm有一个简单的运行命令,就不必每次在终端输入命令了:

首先点击这个小三角,点击它下面的编辑配置:

然后勾选自定义运行命令并填上runserver,端口号设置成前后端一样的,点击确定即可.

然后后端每次运行点击这个小三角就可以了: