竞赛深度学习YOLO安检管制物品识别与检测 - python opencv

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-18 21:06:38 发布

美好前端开发者

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-18 21:06:38 发布

阅读量789

点赞数 21

分类专栏： 2024年程序员学习文章标签：深度学习 YOLO python

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_61549674/article/details/137703465

版权

2024年程序员学习专栏收录该内容

257 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

基准网络

融合其它检测算法中的一些新思路，主要包括：Focus结构与CSP结构；

Neck网络

在目标检测领域，为了更好的提取融合特征，通常在Backbone和输出层，会插入一些层，这个部分称为Neck。Yolov5中添加了FPN+PAN结构，相当于目标检测网络的颈部，也是非常关键的。

在这里插入图片描述

FPN+PAN的结构
在这里插入图片描述
这样结合操作，FPN层自顶向下传达强语义特征（High-Level特征），而特征金字塔则自底向上传达强定位特征（Low-
Level特征)，两两联手，从不同的主干层对不同的检测层进行特征聚合。

FPN+PAN借鉴的是18年CVPR的PANet，当时主要应用于图像分割领域，但Alexey将其拆分应用到Yolov4中，进一步提高特征提取的能力。

Head输出层

输出层的锚框机制与YOLOv4相同，主要改进的是训练时的损失函数GIOU_Loss，以及预测框筛选的DIOU_nms。

对于Head部分，可以看到三个紫色箭头处的特征图是40×40、20×20、10×10。以及最后Prediction中用于预测的3个特征图：

①==>40×40×255

②==>20×20×255

③==>10×10×255

在这里插入图片描述

相关代码

  class Detect(nn.Module):
  stride = None  # strides computed during build
onnx_dynamic = False  # ONNX export parameter
    
  def \_\_init\_\_(self, nc=80, anchors=(), ch=(), inplace=True):  # detection layer
      super().__init__()
      self.nc = nc  # number of classes
      self.no = nc + 5  # number of outputs per anchor
      self.nl = len(anchors)  # number of detection layers
      self.na = len(anchors[0]) // 2  # number of anchors
      self.grid = [torch.zeros(1)] \* self.nl  # init grid
      self.anchor_grid = [torch.zeros(1)] \* self.nl  # init anchor grid
      self.register_buffer('anchors', torch.tensor(anchors).float().view(self.nl, -1, 2))  # shape(nl,na,2)
      self.m = nn.ModuleList(nn.Conv2d(x, self.no \* self.na, 1) for x in ch)  # output conv
    self.inplace = inplace  # use in-place ops (e.g. slice assignment)
    
  def forward(self, x):
      z = []  # inference output
      for i in range(self.nl):
          x[i] = self.m[i](x[i])  # conv
          bs, _, ny, nx = x[i].shape  # x(bs,255,20,20) to x(bs,3,20,20,85)
        x[i] = x[i].view(bs, self.na, self.no, ny, nx).permute(0, 1, 3, 4, 2).contiguous()
    

          if not self.training:  # inference
            if self.onnx_dynamic or self.grid[i].shape[2:4] != x[i].shape[2:4]:
                  self.grid[i], self.anchor_grid[i] = self._make_grid(nx, ny, i)
    
              y = x[i].sigmoid()
              if self.inplace:
                  y[..., 0:2] = (y[..., 0:2] \* 2 - 0.5 + self.grid[i]) \* self.stride[i]  # xy
                  y[..., 2:4] = (y[..., 2:4] \* 2) \*\* 2 \* self.anchor_grid[i]  # wh
              else:  # for YOLOv5 on AWS Inferentia https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/pull/2953
                  xy = (y[..., 0:2] \* 2 - 0.5 + self.grid[i]) \* self.stride[i]  # xy
                  wh = (y[..., 2:4] \* 2) \*\* 2 \* self.anchor_grid[i]  # wh
                y = torch.cat((xy, wh, y[..., 4:]), -1)
              z.append(y.view(bs, -1, self.no))
  
      return x if self.training else (torch.cat(z, 1), x)

  def \_make\_grid(self, nx=20, ny=20, i=0):
      d = self.anchors[i].device
      if check_version(torch.__version__, '1.10.0'):  # torch>=1.10.0 meshgrid workaround for torch>=0.7 compatibility
          yv, xv = torch.meshgrid([torch.arange(ny).to(d), torch.arange(nx).to(d)], indexing='ij')
      else:
          yv, xv = torch.meshgrid([torch.arange(ny).to(d), torch.arange(nx).to(d)])
      grid = torch.stack((xv, yv), 2).expand((1, self.na, ny, nx, 2)).float()
      anchor_grid = (self.anchors[i].clone() \* self.stride[i]) \
          .view((1, self.na, 1, 1, 2)).expand((1, self.na, ny, nx, 2)).float()
      return grid, anchor_grid

5 模型训练

训练效果如下
在这里插入图片描述
相关代码

#部分代码
def train(hyp, opt, device, tb_writer=None):
    print(f'Hyperparameters {hyp}')
    log_dir = tb_writer.log_dir if tb_writer else 'runs/evolve'  # run directory
    wdir = str(Path(log_dir) / 'weights') + os.sep  # weights directory
    os.makedirs(wdir, exist_ok=True)
    last = wdir + 'last.pt'
    best = wdir + 'best.pt'
    results_file = log_dir + os.sep + 'results.txt'
    epochs, batch_size, total_batch_size, weights, rank = \
        opt.epochs, opt.batch_size, opt.total_batch_size, opt.weights, opt.local_rank
    # TODO: Use DDP logging. Only the first process is allowed to log.

    # Save run settings
    with open(Path(log_dir) / 'hyp.yaml', 'w') as f:
        yaml.dump(hyp, f, sort_keys=False)
    with open(Path(log_dir) / 'opt.yaml', 'w') as f:
        yaml.dump(vars(opt), f, sort_keys=False)

    # Configure
    cuda = device.type != 'cpu'
    init_seeds(2 + rank)
    with open(opt.data) as f:
        data_dict = yaml.load(f, Loader=yaml.FullLoader)  # model dict
    train_path = data_dict['train']
    test_path = data_dict['val']
    nc, names = (1, ['item']) if opt.single_cls else (int(data_dict['nc']), data_dict['names'])  # number classes, names
    assert len(names) == nc, '%g names found for nc=%g dataset in %s' % (len(names), nc, opt.data)  # check

    # Remove previous results
    if rank in [-1, 0]:
        for f in glob.glob('\*\_batch\*.jpg') + glob.glob(results_file):
            os.remove(f)

    # Create model
    model = Model(opt.cfg, nc=nc).to(device)

    # Image sizes
    gs = int(max(model.stride))  # grid size (max stride)
    imgsz, imgsz_test = [check_img_size(x, gs) for x in opt.img_size]  # verify imgsz are gs-multiples

    # Optimizer
    nbs = 64  # nominal batch size
    # default DDP implementation is slow for accumulation according to: https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/notes/ddp.html
    # all-reduce operation is carried out during loss.backward().
    # Thus, there would be redundant all-reduce communications in a accumulation procedure,
    # which means, the result is still right but the training speed gets slower.
    # TODO: If acceleration is needed, there is an implementation of allreduce\_post\_accumulation
    # in https://github.com/NVIDIA/DeepLearningExamples/blob/master/PyTorch/LanguageModeling/BERT/run\_pretraining.py
    accumulate = max(round(nbs / total_batch_size), 1)  # accumulate loss before optimizing
    hyp['weight\_decay'] \*= total_batch_size \* accumulate / nbs  # scale weight\_decay

    pg0, pg1, pg2 = [], [], []  # optimizer parameter groups
    for k, v in model.named_parameters():
        if v.requires_grad:
            if '.bias' in k:
                pg2.append(v)  # biases
            elif '.weight' in k and '.bn' not in k:
                pg1.append(v)  # apply weight decay
            else:
                pg0.append(v)  # all else

    if opt.adam:
        optimizer = optim.Adam(pg0, lr=hyp['lr0'], betas=(hyp['momentum'], 0.999))  # adjust beta1 to momentum
    else:
        optimizer = optim.SGD(pg0, lr=hyp['lr0'], momentum=hyp['momentum'], nesterov=True)

    optimizer.add_param_group({'params': pg1, 'weight\_decay': hyp['weight\_decay']})  # add pg1 with weight\_decay
    optimizer.add_param_group({'params': pg2})  # add pg2 (biases)
    print('Optimizer groups: %g .bias, %g conv.weight, %g other' % (len(pg2), len(pg1), len(pg0)))
    del pg0, pg1,