3、go语言标准库、net_go net 库-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_63008237/article/details/148641273

Go语言中的net标准库是处理网络操作的核心库，提供了跨平台的网络接口支持。以下详细讲解其功能，并给出15个涵盖不同协议和用法的示例（含模拟输入输出）：

一、基础功能概览

协议支持：TCP、UDP、IP、Unix域套接字
核心对象：
- Listener：服务端监听连接
- Conn：网络连接抽象
- Dialer：客户端拨号连接
工具函数：DNS解析、地址处理等

二、使用示例

示例1: TCP服务端（Echo服务器）

package main

import (
    "bufio"
    "net"
    "fmt"
)

func main() {
    ln, _ := net.Listen("tcp", ":8080")
    defer ln.Close()
  
    for {
        conn, _ := ln.Accept()
        go func(c net.Conn) {
            defer c.Close()
            reader := bufio.NewReader(c)
            text, _ := reader.ReadString('\n')
            fmt.Printf("Received: %s", text)
            c.Write([]byte("Echo: " + text))
        }(conn)
    }
}

输入/输出模拟：

客户端发送：Hello Server!\n
服务端输出：Received: Hello Server!
客户端收到：Echo: Hello Server!

示例2: TCP客户端

package main

import (
    "bufio"
    "net"
    "fmt"
)

func main() {
    conn, _ := net.Dial("tcp", "localhost:8080")
    defer conn.Close()
  
    fmt.Fprintf(conn, "Hello Server!\n")
    reply, _ := bufio.NewReader(conn).ReadString('\n')
    fmt.Print("Server reply:", reply)
}

示例3: UDP服务端

package main

import (
    "net"
    "fmt"
)

func main() {
    addr, _ := net.ResolveUDPAddr("udp", ":6000")
    conn, _ := net.ListenUDP("udp", addr)
    defer conn.Close()
  
    buffer := make([]byte, 1024)
    for {
        n, addr, _ := conn.ReadFromUDP(buffer)
        fmt.Printf("Received: %s from %v\n", string(buffer[:n]), addr)
        conn.WriteToUDP([]byte("UDP Ack"), addr)
    }
}

示例4: UDP客户端

package main

import (
    "net"
    "fmt"
)

func main() {
    conn, _ := net.Dial("udp", "localhost:6000")
    defer conn.Close()
  
    conn.Write([]byte("Ping"))
    buffer := make([]byte, 1024)
    n, _ := conn.Read(buffer)
    fmt.Println("Received:", string(buffer[:n]))
}

示例5: HTTP服务器（底层TCP处理）

package main

import (
    "net"
    "fmt"
)

func main() {
    ln, _ := net.Listen("tcp", ":80")
    defer ln.Close()
  
    for {
        conn, _ := ln.Accept()
        go func(c net.Conn) {
            defer c.Close()
            response := "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Length: 12\r\n\r\nHello World!"
            c.Write([]byte(response))
        }(conn)
    }
}

示例6: 域名解析

package main

import (
    "net"
    "fmt"
)

func main() {
    ips, _ := net.LookupIP("google.com")
    for _, ip := range ips {
        fmt.Println(ip)
    }
}
/* 输出：
216.58.200.142
...（实际IP可能变化）
*/

示例7: 超时处理

package main

import (
    "net"
    "time"
    "fmt"
)

func main() {
    conn, err := net.DialTimeout("tcp", "example.com:80", 3*time.Second)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("Connection timed out")
        return
    }
    defer conn.Close()
    // 设置读取超时
    conn.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(5 * time.Second))
}

示例8: Unix域套接字

// 服务端
package main

import (
    "net"
    "os"
)

func main() {
    os.Remove("/tmp/example.sock")
    ln, _ := net.Listen("unix", "/tmp/example.sock")
    defer ln.Close()
  
    conn, _ := ln.Accept()
    conn.Write([]byte("Unix domain message"))
}

示例9: 获取本机IP

package main

import (
    "net"
    "fmt"
)

func main() {
    addrs, _ := net.InterfaceAddrs()
    for _, addr := range addrs {
        if ipnet, ok := addr.(*net.IPNet); ok && !ipnet.IP.IsLoopback() {
            if ipnet.IP.To4() != nil {
                fmt.Println("Local IP:", ipnet.IP)
            }
        }
    }
}

示例10: 端口扫描

package main

import (
    "net"
    "fmt"
    "time"
)

func main() {
    target := "localhost"
    for port := 1; port <= 1024; port++ {
        address := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", target, port)
        conn, err := net.DialTimeout("tcp", address, 500*time.Millisecond)
        if err == nil {
            fmt.Printf("Port %d is open\n", port)
            conn.Close()
        }
    }
}

三、核心函数详解

net.Dial(network, address string) (Conn, error)
- 建立网络连接
- 支持协议：tcp, tcp4, tcp6, udp, udp4, udp6, unix
net.Listen(network, address string) (Listener, error)
- 创建监听器
- TCP需要指定端口：:8080
- Unix需要文件路径：/tmp/foo.sock

Conn接口方法

type Conn interface {
    Read(b []byte) (n int, err error)
    Write(b []byte) (n int, err error)
    Close() error
    LocalAddr() Addr
    RemoteAddr() Addr
    SetDeadline(t time.Time) error
}