本篇文章为C语言实现的静态通讯录详解(静态容量)
一、通讯录设计介绍:
1.通讯录功能:
1.添加联系人信息;
2.删除联系人信息;
3.查找联系人信息;
4.修改联系人信息;
5.显示联系人信息;
6.排序联系人信息;
0.退出程序
2.联系信息:
1.联系人姓名
2.联系人年龄
3.联系人性别
4.联系人电话
5.联系人地址
设计建议:
函数声明及其实现,结构体类型创建和使用以及实际测试代码分模块编写。
二、通讯录实现
1.菜单
void menu()
{
printf("**************************\n");
printf("********* 1.add ******\n");//增加
printf("********* 2.del ******\n");//删除
printf("********* 3.search ******\n");//查找
printf("********* 4.modify ******\n");//修改
printf("********* 5.show ******\n");//显示
printf("********* 6.sort ******\n");//排序
printf("********* 0.exit ******\n");//退出
printf("**************************\n");
}
2.联系人信息结构体
常量使用用宏定义方便后续修改
#define MAX_NAME 20
#define MAX_SEX 5
#define MAX_TELE 20
#define MAX_ADDR 50
typedef struct Infopeople
{
char name[MAX_NAME];
int age;
char sex[MAX_SEX];
char telephone[MAX_TELE];
char address[MAX_ADDR];
}Infopeople;
3.通讯录结构体:
typedef struct Contact
{
Infopeople data[100];
int conunt;
}Contact;
4.通讯录初始化
void InitContact(Contact* c) {
c->conunt = 0;
memset(c->data, 0, sizeof(c->data));
}
初始化有两种方式:1.循环遍历 2.使用memset直接将data数组每一个字节设置为0。
memset(c->data, 0, sizeof(c->data));
上述代码代表的意思是:以c->data为起始地址,一直往后面赋值为0,一共赋值sizeof(c->data)个字节的0
5.增加联系人信息:
void Addpeople(Contact* c)
{
if (c->conunt == 100)
{
printf("通讯录已满,无法添加\n");
return;
}
printf("请输入姓名:>\n");
scanf("%s", c->data[c->conunt].name);
printf("请输入年龄:>\n");
scanf("%d", &(c->data[c->conunt].age));
printf("请输入性别:>\n");
scanf("%s", c->data[c->conunt].sex);
printf("请输入电话:>\n");
scanf("%s", c->data[c->conunt].telephone);
printf("请输入地址:>\n");
scanf("%s", c->data[c->conunt].address);
printf("增加成功\n");
c->conunt++;
}
6.显示联系人信息
void ShowContact(Contact* c)
{
assert(c);
if (c->conunt == 0)
{
printf("通讯录为空\n");
return;
}
printf("%-30s\t%-5s\t%-10s\t%-10s\t%-20s\n", "姓名", "年龄", "性别", "电话号码", "地址");
for (int i = 0; i < c->conunt; i++)
{
printf("%-30s\t%-5d\t%-10s\t%-10s\t%-20s\n",
c->data[i].name,
c->data[i].age,
c->data[i].sex,
c->data[i].telephone,
c->data[i].address);
}
}
其中%-30s表示打印30个字符如果不足30个字符则在右边补空格,“-”号代表左对齐。
7.删除联系人
void Delpeople(Contact* c,char name[MAX_NAME]) {
if (c->conunt == 0)
{
printf("通讯录为空,无删除对象!!!\n");
return;
}
int ret = FindName(c, name);
if (ret != -1)
{
for (int i = ret; i < c->conunt; i++)
{
c->data[i] = c->data[i + 1];
}
printf("删除成功\n");
c->conunt--;
}
else
{
printf("查无此人\n");
}
}
删除联系人的前提是在通讯录中找到需要删除的联系人,所以我们要内置一个查找是否存在此联系人的函数Findpeople:
static int FindName(Contact* c, char name[MAX_NAME])
{
assert(c);
for (int i = 0; i < c->conunt; i++)
{
if (0 == strcmp(name, c->data[i].name))
{
return i;//找到返回元素下表
}
}
return -1;
}
static:此处的static是将此函数限制在只能在此文件下使用,其他文件无法使用
8. 查找联系人
void Search(Contact* c, char name[MAX_NAME]) {
assert(c);
if (c->conunt == 0)
{
printf("通讯录为空\n");
return;
}
for (int i = 0; i < c->conunt; i++)
{
if (0 == strcmp(name, c->data[i].name))
{
printf("%-30s\t%-5s\t%-10s\t%-10s\t%-20s\n", "姓名", "年龄", "性别", "电话号码", "地址");
printf("%-30s\t%-5d\t%-10s\t%-10s\t%-20s\n",
c->data[i].name,
c->data[i].age,
c->data[i].sex,
c->data[i].telephone,
c->data[i].address);
}
}
}
9.修改联系人信息
void ModifyName(Contact* c, char name[MAX_NAME]) {
assert(c);
if (c->conunt == 0)
{
printf("通讯录为空\n");
return;
}
Search(c, name);
int ret = FindName(c, name);
int input=0;
do {
printf("1.修改姓名\t2.修改年龄\t3.修改性别\t4.修改电话号码\t5.修改地址\t0.退出修改\n");
scanf("%d", &input);
switch (input)
{
case 1:
getchar();
printf("请输入改正后的姓名\n");
scanf(" %s", c->data[ret].name);
break;
case 2:
getchar();
printf("请输入改正后的年龄\n");
scanf(" %d", &c->data[ret].age);
break;
case 3:
getchar();
printf("请输入改正后的性别\n");
scanf(" %s", c->data[ret].sex);
break;
case 4:
getchar();
printf("请输入改正后的电话号码\n");
scanf(" %s", c->data[ret].telephone);
break;
case 5:
getchar();
printf("请输入改正后的地址\n");
scanf(" %s", c->data[ret].address);
break;
default:
printf("非法选择\n");
break;
}
} while (input);
}
修改这块儿可以根据自己的需求进行改变,我这里是可选择修改,也可以设置成一次修改整个人的信息。
10.显示全部联系人信息
void ShowContact(Contact* c)
{
assert(c);
if (c->conunt == 0)
{
printf("通讯录为空\n");
return;
}
printf("%-30s\t%-5s\t%-10s\t%-10s\t%-20s\n", "姓名", "年龄", "性别", "电话号码", "地址");
for (int i = 0; i < c->conunt; i++)
{
printf("%-30s\t%-5d\t%-10s\t%-10s\t%-20s\n",
c->data[i].name,
c->data[i].age,
c->data[i].sex,
c->data[i].telephone,
c->data[i].address);
}
话不多说,直接遍历。
11.通讯录排序
static int cmp_name(const void *e1, const void* e2)
{
return strcmp(((Infopeople*)e1)->name,((Infopeople*)e2)->name);
}
static int cmp_age(const void* e1, const void* e2)
{
return ((Infopeople*)e1)->age - ((Infopeople*)e2)->age;
}
void SortContact(Contact* c) {
int input = 0;
do {
printf("按什么顺序排序\n");
printf("1.姓名\t2.年龄\t0.退出\n");
scanf("%d", &input);
switch (input)
{
case 1:
qsort(c->data, c->conunt, sizeof(Infopeople), cmp_name);//按姓名排序
ShowContact(c);
break;
case 2:
qsort(c->data, c->conunt, sizeof(Infopeople), cmp_age);//按年龄排序
ShowContact(c);
break;
case 0:
break;
default:
printf("非法输入\n");
break;
}
} while (input);
}
此处利用了qsort函数实现按姓名和按年龄来排序通讯录信息。
qsort函数:void qsort (void* base , size_t num , size_t width , int (__cdecl* compare )( const void*,const void* ) )
void* base:排序数组的起始地址
size_t num:待排序数组元素个数
size_t width:数组中元素类型所占内存字节数
int (__cdecl* compare )( const void*,const void* ) :自定义函数指针
三、完整代码
1.contact.h
#pragma once
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define MAX_NAME 20
#define MAX_SEX 5
#define MAX_TELE 20
#define MAX_ADDR 50
typedef struct Infopeople
{
char name[MAX_NAME];
int age;
char sex[MAX_SEX];
char telephone[MAX_TELE];
char address[MAX_ADDR];
}Infopeople;
typedef struct Contact
{
Infopeople data[100];
int conunt;
}Contact;
//初始化
void InitContact(Contact *c);
//增加
void Addpeople(Contact* c);
//删除
void Delpeople(Contact* c,char name[MAX_NAME]);
//显示
void ShowContact(Contact *c);
//查找
void Search(Contact* c, char name[MAX_NAME]);
//更改
void ModifyName(Contact*c,char name[MAX_NAME]);
//排序
void SortContact(Contact *c);
2.contact.c
#include "contact.h"
void InitContact(Contact* c) {
c->conunt = 0;
memset(c->data, 0, sizeof(c->data));
}
void Addpeople(Contact* c)
{
if (c->conunt == 100)
{
printf("通讯录已满,无法添加\n");
return;
}
printf("请输入姓名:>\n");
scanf("%s", c->data[c->conunt].name);
printf("请输入年龄:>\n");
scanf("%d", &(c->data[c->conunt].age));
printf("请输入性别:>\n");
scanf("%s", c->data[c->conunt].sex);
printf("请输入电话:>\n");
scanf("%s", c->data[c->conunt].telephone);
printf("请输入地址:>\n");
scanf("%s", c->data[c->conunt].address);
printf("增加成功\n");
c->conunt++;
}
static int FindName(Contact* c, char name[MAX_NAME])
{
assert(c);
for (int i = 0; i < c->conunt; i++)
{
if (0 == strcmp(name, c->data[i].name))
{
return i;
}
}
return -1;
}
void Delpeople(Contact* c,char name[MAX_NAME]) {
if (c->conunt == 0)
{
printf("通讯录为空,无删除对象!!!\n");
return;
}
int ret = FindName(c, name);
if (ret != -1)
{
for (int i = ret; i < c->conunt; i++)
{
c->data[i] = c->data[i + 1];
}
printf("删除成功\n");
c->conunt--;
}
else
{
printf("查无此人\n");
}
}
void ShowContact(Contact* c)
{
assert(c);
if (c->conunt == 0)
{
printf("通讯录为空\n");
return;
}
printf("%-30s\t%-5s\t%-10s\t%-10s\t%-20s\n", "姓名", "年龄", "性别", "电话号码", "地址");
for (int i = 0; i < c->conunt; i++)
{
printf("%-30s\t%-5d\t%-10s\t%-10s\t%-20s\n",
c->data[i].name,
c->data[i].age,
c->data[i].sex,
c->data[i].telephone,
c->data[i].address);
}
}
void Search(Contact* c, char name[MAX_NAME]) {
assert(c);
if (c->conunt == 0)
{
printf("通讯录为空\n");
return;
}
for (int i = 0; i < c->conunt; i++)
{
if (0 == strcmp(name, c->data[i].name))
{
printf("%-30s\t%-5s\t%-10s\t%-10s\t%-20s\n", "姓名", "年龄", "性别", "电话号码", "地址");
printf("%-30s\t%-5d\t%-10s\t%-10s\t%-20s\n",
c->data[i].name,
c->data[i].age,
c->data[i].sex,
c->data[i].telephone,
c->data[i].address);
}
}
}
void ModifyName(Contact* c, char name[MAX_NAME]) {
assert(c);
if (c->conunt == 0)
{
printf("通讯录为空\n");
return;
}
Search(c, name);
int ret = FindName(c, name);
int input=0;
do {
printf("1.修改姓名\t2.修改年龄\t3.修改性别\t4.修改电话号码\t5.修改地址\t0.退出修改\n");
scanf("%d", &input);
switch (input)
{
case 1:
getchar();
printf("请输入改正后的姓名\n");
scanf(" %s", c->data[ret].name);
break;
case 2:
getchar();
printf("请输入改正后的年龄\n");
scanf(" %d", &c->data[ret].age);
break;
case 3:
getchar();
printf("请输入改正后的性别\n");
scanf(" %s", c->data[ret].sex);
break;
case 4:
getchar();
printf("请输入改正后的电话号码\n");
scanf(" %s", c->data[ret].telephone);
break;
case 5:
getchar();
printf("请输入改正后的地址\n");
scanf(" %s", c->data[ret].address);
break;
default:
printf("非法选择\n");
break;
}
} while (input);
}
static int cmp_name(const void *e1, const void* e2)
{
return strcmp(((Infopeople*)e1)->name,((Infopeople*)e2)->name);
}
static int cmp_age(const void* e1, const void* e2)
{
return ((Infopeople*)e1)->age - ((Infopeople*)e2)->age;
}
void SortContact(Contact* c) {
int input = 0;
do {
printf("按什么顺序排序\n");
printf("1.姓名\t2.年龄\t0.退出\n");
scanf("%d", &input);
switch (input)
{
case 1:
qsort(c->data, c->conunt, sizeof(Infopeople), cmp_name);//按姓名排序
ShowContact(c);
break;
case 2:
qsort(c->data, c->conunt, sizeof(Infopeople), cmp_age);//按年龄排序
ShowContact(c);
break;
case 0:
break;
default:
printf("非法输入\n");
break;
}
} while (input);
}
3.test.c
#include "contact.h"
void menu()
{
printf("**************************\n");
printf("********* 1.add ******\n");
printf("********* 2.del ******\n");
printf("********* 3.search ******\n");
printf("********* 4.modify ******\n");
printf("********* 5.show ******\n");
printf("********* 6.sort ******\n");
printf("********* 0.exit ******\n");
printf("**************************\n");
}
int main()
{
int input=0;
Contact c;
InitContact(&c);
char name[MAX_NAME]={0};
do {
menu();
printf("请输入选项:>\n");
scanf("%d", &input);
switch (input)
{
case 1:
Addpeople(&c);
break;
case 2:
getchar();
printf("输入删除人的姓名:>\n");
scanf("%s",name);
Delpeople(&c,name);
break;
case 3:
getchar();
printf("输入查找人的姓名:>\n");
scanf("%s", name);
Search(&c, name);
break;
case 4:
printf("输入需要更改人的姓名:>\n");
scanf("%s", name);
ModifyName(&c, name);
break;
case 5:
ShowContact(&c);
break;
case 6:
SortContact(&c);
break;
case 0:
printf("退出程序\n");
break;
default:
printf("非法输入\n");
break;
}
} while (input);
return 0;
}
四、总结
感谢大家的观看,这只是一个静态通讯录的实现,如果通讯录装满了就无法继续增加,而且也不具备保存数据的功能,再加上代码部分冗余,所以进一步优化的空间很大,后面此代码还会有进一步的优化更新。