操作系统-实验部分截图

1、编写程序，解决生产者及消费者问题。分别创建6个生产者及消费者进程，使用信号量机制实现生产者及消费者进程间的同步及互斥。每个生产者进程随机睡眠0~9秒模拟生产数据的过程，然后把自己的进程号写入共享存储区，每个消费者进程从中读取数据并输出并且同步输出自己的进程号。要求程序结果可完整演示生产者及消费者同步生产数据及接受数据的全过程。 

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>

 
#define NEED_P 2//生产者数量
#define NEED_C 3//消费者数量
#define WORKS_P 6//生产次数
#define WORKS_C 4//消费次数
 
#define BUF_LENGTH (sizeof(struct mybuffer))
#define LETTER_NUM 3
#define SHM_MODE 0600
 
#define SEM_ALL_KEY 1234
#define SEM_EMPTY 0
#define SEM_FULL 1
 
//缓冲区结构（循环队列）
struct mybuffer
{
    char letter[LETTER_NUM];//存放字符数组
    int head;//头指针
    int tail;//尾指针
    int is_empty;//空标志
};
 
//得到5以内的一个随机数
int get_random()
{
    int t;
    srand((unsigned)(getpid() + time(NULL)));
    t = rand() % 5;
    return t;
}
 
//得到A~Z的一个随机字母
char get_letter()
{
    char a;
    srand((unsigned)(getpid() + time(NULL)));
    a = (char)((char)(rand() % 26) + 'A');
    return a;
}
 
//P操作
void p(int sem_id, int sem_num)
{
    struct sembuf xx;
    xx.sem_num = sem_num;//操作信号在信号集中的编号，第一个信号的编号是0
    xx.sem_op = -1;//获取资源的使用权
    xx.sem_flg = 0;
    semop(sem_id, &xx, 1);
}
 
//V操作
void v(int sem_id, int sem_num)
{
    struct sembuf xx;
    xx.sem_num = sem_num;//操作信号在信号集中的编号，第一个信号的编号是0
    xx.sem_op = 1;//获取资源的使用权
    xx.sem_flg = 0;
    semop(sem_id, &xx, 1);
}
 
//主函数
int main(int argc, char * argv[])
{
    int i, j;
    int shm_id, sem_id;
    int num_p = 0, num_c = 0;
    //定义一个缓冲区指针shmptr
    struct mybuffer * shmptr;
    char lt;
    time_t now;
    pid_t pid_p, pid_c;
    //创建两个新信号量
    sem_id = semget(SEM_ALL_KEY, 2, IPC_CREAT | 0660);
    if (sem_id >= 0)
    {
        printf("Main process starts. Semaphore created.\n");
    }
    semctl(sem_id, SEM_EMPTY, SETVAL, LETTER_NUM);
    semctl(sem_id, SEM_FULL, SETVAL, 0);
    //创建新的共享内存
    if ((shm_id = shmget(IPC_PRIVATE, BUF_LENGTH, SHM_MODE)) < 0)
    {
        printf("Error on shmget.\n");
        exit(1);
    }
    //把共享内存区对象映射到调用进程的地址空间
    if ((shmptr = shmat(shm_id, 0, 0)) == (void *)-1)
    {
        printf("Error on shmat.\n");
        exit(1);
    }
    shmptr->head = 0;
    shmptr->tail = 0;
    shmptr->is_empty = 1;
    
    while ((num_p++) < NEED_P)
    {
        if ((pid_p = fork()) < 0)
        {
            printf("Error on fork.\n");
            exit(1);
        }
        //如果是子进程，开始创建生产者
        if (pid_p == 0)
        {
        //将共享内存区对象映射到调用进程的地址空间
            if ((shmptr = shmat(shm_id, 0, 0)) == (void *)-1)
            {
                printf("Error on shmat.\n");
                exit(1);
            }
            for (i = 0; i < WORKS_P; i++)
            {
                p(sem_id, SEM_EMPTY);//对资源进行p操作
                sleep(get_random());//等待随机时间
                shmptr->letter[shmptr->tail] = lt = get_letter();//随机生成一个字母放入缓冲区
                shmptr->tail = (shmptr->tail + 1) % LETTER_NUM;//尾指针后移
                shmptr->is_empty = 0;//空标志置0
                now = time(NULL);
                printf("%02d:%02d:%02d\t", localtime(&now)->tm_hour, localtime(&now)->tm_min, localtime(&now)->tm_sec);
        //输出缓冲区字符
                for (j = (shmptr->tail - 1 >= shmptr->head) ? (shmptr->tail - 1) : (shmptr->tail - 1 + LETTER_NUM); !(shmptr->is_empty) && j >= shmptr->head; j--)
                {
                    printf("%c", shmptr->letter[j % LETTER_NUM]);
                }
                printf("\tProducer %d puts '%c'.\n", num_p, lt);
                fflush(stdout);
                v(sem_id, SEM_FULL);//对资源进行v操作
            }
            shmdt(shmptr);//断开共享内存连接
            exit(0);
        }
    }
 
    while (num_c++ < NEED_C)
    {
        if ((pid_c = fork()) < 0)
        {
            printf("Error on fork.\n");
            exit(1);
        }
        //如果是子进程，开始创建消费者
        if (pid_c == 0)
        {
            if ((shmptr = shmat(shm_id, 0, 0)) == (void *)-1)
            {
                printf("Error on shmat.\n");
                exit(1);
            }
            for (i = 0; i < WORKS_C; i++)
            {
                p(sem_id, SEM_FULL);//对资源进行p操作
                sleep(get_random());//等待随机时间
                lt = shmptr->letter[shmptr->head];//取出缓冲区第一个字符
                shmptr->head = (shmptr->head + 1) % LETTER_NUM;//头指针后移
                shmptr->is_empty = (shmptr->head == shmptr->tail);
                now = time(NULL);
                printf("%02d:%02d:%02d\t", localtime(&now)->tm_hour, localtime(&now)->tm_min, localtime(&now)->tm_sec);
        //输出缓冲区字符
                for (j = (shmptr->tail - 1 >= shmptr->head) ? (shmptr->tail - 1) : (shmptr->tail - 1 + LETTER_NUM); !(shmptr->is_empty) && j >= shmptr->head; j--)
                {
                    printf("%c", shmptr->letter[j % LETTER_NUM]);
                }
                printf("\tConsumer %d gets '%c'.\n", num_c, lt);
                fflush(stdout);
                v(sem_id, SEM_EMPTY);//对资源进行v操作
            }
            shmdt(shmptr);//断开共享内存连接
            exit(0);
        }
    }
    
    //主控程序最后退出
    while(wait(0) != -1);
    shmdt(shmptr);
    shmctl(shm_id, IPC_RMID, 0);
    semctl(sem_id, IPC_RMID, 0);
    printf("Main process ends.\n");
    fflush(stdout);
    exit(0);
}