2.4多项式相加


思路:根据多项式相加的运算规则:对两个多项式中所有指数相同的项,对应系数想加,若其和不为零,则作为“和多项式”中的一项插入到“和多项式”链表中去;对于两个多项式中指数不相同的项,则将指数较小的项插入到“和多项式”链表中去。 “多项式”链表中的节点无需生成,而应该从两个多项式的链表中摘取

1.定义结构体

typedef struct LinkNode {
	int coefficient;//系数
	int exponent;//指数
	struct LinkNode* next;
}*LinkList,*NodePtr;

2.初始化

LinkList initLinkList()
{
	LinkList tempHeader = (LinkList)malloc(sizeof(struct LinkNode));
	tempHeader->coefficient = 0;
	tempHeader->exponent = 0;
	tempHeader->next = NULL;
	return tempHeader;
}

3.打印链表

void printList(LinkList paraHeader) {
	NodePtr p = paraHeader->next;
	while (p != NULL)
	{
		printf("%d * 10^%d + ", p->coefficient, p->exponent);
		p = p->next;
	}
	printf("\r\n");
}

4.打印结点

void printNode(NodePtr paraPtr, char paraChar)/*传入结点的指针与指针的名字*/ {
	if (paraPtr == NULL) {
		printf("NULL\r\n");
	}
	else {
		printf("The element of %c is (%d * 10^%d)\r\n", paraChar, paraPtr->coefficient, paraPtr->exponent);
	}
}

5.构造多项式

void appendElement(LinkList paraHeader, int paraCoefficient, int paraExponent)
{
	NodePtr p, q;
	//创建一个新结点
	q = (NodePtr)malloc(sizeof(struct LinkNode));
	q->coefficient = paraCoefficient;
	q->exponent = paraExponent;
	q->next = NULL;
	p = paraHeader;
	//寻找最后一个结点
	while (p->next != NULL)
	{
		p=p->next;
	}
	//连接
	p->next = q;

}

6.计算多项式相加

void add(NodePtr paraList1, NodePtr paraList2){
	NodePtr p, q, r, s;

	// Step 1. Search to the position.
	p = paraList1->next;
	printNode(p, 'p');
	q = paraList2->next;
	printNode(q, 'q');
	r = paraList1; // Previous pointer for inserting.
	printNode(r, 'r');
	free(paraList2); // The second list is destroyed. 
	
	while ((p != NULL) && (q != NULL)) {
		if (p->exponent < q->exponent) {
			//Link the current node of the first list.
			printf("case 1\r\n");
			r->next = p;
			r = p;
			printNode(r, 'r');
			p = p->next;
			printNode(p, 'p');
		} else if ((p->exponent > q->exponent)) {
			//Link the current node of the second list.
			printf("case 2\r\n");
			r->next = q;
			r = q;
			printNode(r, 'r');
			q = q->next;
			printNode(q, 'q');
		} else {
			printf("case 3\r\n");
			//Change the current node of the first list.
			p->coefficient = p->coefficient + q->coefficient;
			printf("The coefficient is: %d.\r\n", p->coefficient);
			if (p->coefficient == 0) {
				printf("case 3.1\r\n");
				s = p;
				p = p->next;
				printNode(p, 'p');
				// free(s);
			} else {
				printf("case 3.2\r\n");
				r = p;
				printNode(r, 'r');
				p = p->next;
				printNode(p, 'p');
			}// Of if
			s = q;
			q = q->next;
			//printf("q is pointing to (%d, %d)\r\n", q->coefficient, q->exponent);
			free(s);
		}// Of if

		printf("p = %ld, q = %ld \r\n", p, q);
	} // Of while
	printf("End of while.\r\n");

	if (p == NULL) {
		r->next = q;
	} else {
		r->next = p;
	} // Of if

	printf("Addition ends.\r\n");
}// Of add

7.测试

void additionTest() {
	// Step 1.构造第一个多项式
	LinkList tempList1 = initLinkList();
	appendElement(tempList1, 7, 0);
	appendElement(tempList1, 3, 1);
	appendElement(tempList1, 9, 8);
	appendElement(tempList1, 5, 17);
	printList(tempList1);

	// Step 2. 都早第二个多项式
	LinkList tempList2 = initLinkList();
	appendElement(tempList2, 8, 1);
	appendElement(tempList2, 22, 7);
	appendElement(tempList2, -9, 8);
	printList(tempList2);

	// Step 3. 把第二个添加到第一个多项式里
	add(tempList1, tempList2);
	printList(tempList1);
}// Of additionTest

8.全部代码

#include<stdio.h>
#include<malloc.h>
/**
 *整数的链表,关键是数据,关键按非降序排序
 */
typedef struct LinkNode {
	int coefficient;//系数
	int exponent;//指数
	struct LinkNode* next;
}*LinkList,*NodePtr;
/**
 *初始化链表
 *返回链表的指针
 */
LinkList initLinkList()
{
	LinkList tempHeader = (LinkList)malloc(sizeof(struct LinkNode));
	tempHeader->coefficient = 0;
	tempHeader->exponent = 0;
	tempHeader->next = NULL;
	return tempHeader;
}
//打印链表
void printList(LinkList paraHeader) {
	NodePtr p = paraHeader->next;
	while (p != NULL)
	{
		printf("%d * 10^%d + ", p->coefficient, p->exponent);
		p = p->next;
	}
	printf("\r\n");
}
//打印结点
void printNode(NodePtr paraPtr, char paraChar)/*传入结点的指针与指针的名字*/ {
	if (paraPtr == NULL) {
		printf("NULL\r\n");
	}
	else {
		printf("The element of %c is (%d * 10^%d)\r\n", paraChar, paraPtr->coefficient, paraPtr->exponent);
	}
}
void appendElement(LinkList paraHeader, int paraCoefficient, int paraExponent)
{
	NodePtr p, q;
	//创建一个新结点
	q = (NodePtr)malloc(sizeof(struct LinkNode));
	q->coefficient = paraCoefficient;
	q->exponent = paraExponent;
	q->next = NULL;
	p = paraHeader;
	//寻找最后一个结点
	while (p->next != NULL)
	{
		p=p->next;
	}
	//连接
	p->next = q;

}
/*
计算连个多项式相加
paraList1是第一个多项式的头结点
paraList2是第二个多项式的头结点
*/
void add(NodePtr paraList1, NodePtr paraList2)
{
	NodePtr p, q, r, s;
	//寻找位置
	p = paraList1->next;
	printNode(p, 'p');
	q = paraList2->next;
	printNode(q, 'q');
	r = paraList1;
	printNode(r, 'r');
	free(paraList2);
	while ((p != NULL) && (q != NULL))
	{
		if (p->exponent < q->exponent)
		{
			printf("case 1\r\n");
			r = p;
			printNode(r, 'r');
			p = p->next;
			printNode(p, 'p');
		}
		else if (p->exponent > q->exponent)
		{
			printf("case 2\r\n");
			r->next = q;
			r = q;
			printNode(r, 'r');
			q = q->next;
			printNode(q, 'q');
		}
		else {
			printf("case 3\r\n");
			
			p->coefficient = p->coefficient + q->coefficient;
			printf("The coefficient is: %d.\r\n", p->coefficient);
			if (p->coefficient == 0) {
				printf("case 3.1\r\n");
				s = p;
				p = p->next;
				printNode(p, 'p');
				free(s);
			}
			else {
				printf("case 3.2\r\n");
				r = p;
				printNode(r, 'r');
				p = p->next;
				printNode(p, 'p');
			}
			s = q;
			q = q->next;
			
			free(s);
		}
		printf("p = %ld, q = %ld \r\n", p, q);

	}
	printf("结束循环.\r\n");
	if (p == NULL) {
		r->next = q;
	}
	else {
		r->next = p;
	} // Of if
	printf("结束地址\r\n");
}
//测试
void additionTest() {
	// Step 1.构造第一个多项式
	LinkList tempList1 = initLinkList();
	appendElement(tempList1, 7, 0);
	appendElement(tempList1, 3, 1);
	appendElement(tempList1, 9, 8);
	appendElement(tempList1, 5, 17);
	printList(tempList1);

	// Step 2. 都早第二个多项式
	LinkList tempList2 = initLinkList();
	appendElement(tempList2, 8, 1);
	appendElement(tempList2, 22, 7);
	appendElement(tempList2, -9, 8);
	printList(tempList2);

	// Step 3. 把第二个添加到第一个多项式里
	add(tempList1, tempList2);
	printList(tempList1);
}// Of additionTest

void main() {
	additionTest();
	printf("结束.\r\n");
}

9.运行结果

8 * 10^1 + 22 * 10^7 + -9 * 10^8 +
The element of p is (7 * 10^0)
The element of q is (8 * 10^1)
The element of r is (0 * 10^0)
case 1
The element of r is (7 * 10^0)
The element of p is (3 * 10^1)
p = -1508844160, q = -1508843280
case 3
The coefficient is: 11.
case 3.2
The element of r is (11 * 10^1)
The element of p is (9 * 10^8)
p = -1508843200, q = -1508843040
case 2
The element of r is (22 * 10^7)
The element of q is (-9 * 10^8)
p = -1508843200, q = -1508844240
case 3
The coefficient is: 0.
case 3.1
The element of p is (5 * 10^17)
p = -1508843920, q = 0
结束循环.
结束地址
7 * 10^0 + 11 * 10^1 + 22 * 10^7 + 5 * 10^17 +
结束.
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